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Mekanisme Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Batang Jeruk oleh Khamir, Kitosan, Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular, dan Bakteri Simbiotiknya Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Sinaga, Meity Suradji; Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Plant diseases become an important constraint on citrus production. Stem rot disease caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae is a major disease on citrus in Indonesia. This study was aimed to evaluate the mechanism of yeast, arbuscular mychorrhiza fungi (AMF), symbiotic bacteria of AMF and chitosan in controlling stem rot disease. In vitro study was performed to evaluate the mechanism of antibiosis, hyperparasitism, production of volatile compounds, and production of chitinase enzyme. The experiment was continued by in planta assays using yeast, AMF, symbiotic bacteria of AMF, and chitosan either singly or in combination. The experiments were performed using completely randomized design with 3 replications. Disease progress were observed based on its latent period, AUDPC, infection rate, AMF association rate, and total phenol content. In vitro studies indicated that the yeasts showed hyperparasitism to B. theobromae with affinity of 26 cells per hyphae, produced volatile compounds with relative resistance level (RRL) 29.1%, and produced chitinase. Selected symbiotic bacteria from AMF showed antibiosis with RRL 42.9%, production of volatile compounds with RRL 26.7%, and has 98% homology with Bacillus subtilis from Vietnam. Application of yeast + AMF + chitosan delayed disease latent period and suppressed disease incidence. Single AMF and combination of yeast + AMF suppressed disease severity, infection rate, and AUDPC. Application of yeast + AMF showed highest association level of AMF and total phenol content. Therefore, the application of AMF and yeast + AMF is recommended in controlling citrus stem rot disease.

Formulasi Trichoderma dan Mikoriza Arbuskular untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Kelapa Sawit: Formulation of Trichoderma sp. and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza to Control Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm Sinthya E, Hana Christine; Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Sinaga, Meity Suradji; Toruan-Mathius, Nurita; Nawangsih, Abjad Asih
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 6 (2024): November 2024 - IN PROGRESS
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.6.286-294

Basal stem rot (G. boninense) is one of the most important diseases in oil palm. As biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to inhibit the growth of G. boninense. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of those biocontrol agents is unstable due to less appropriate formulation and application. Biofungicide formulation affects the effectiveness in controlling plant diseases, the ability to proliferate and survive in the environment, the period of storage, and reduces preparation time and application cost. This research aimed to develop the formulation of Trichoderma spp., and AMF to control G. boninense. Trichoderma spp. The active ingredient has been mass-produced in millet formulated with carriers: T1 using rice bran, while T3 was combined with rice bran and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) compost. AMF active ingredient has been mass producted in shorgum root, and formulated with carrier, CMA1 using zeolite. While, CMA2 combined zeolite with EFB compost. AMF applications were on seed planting, Trichoderma spp. applications were on three months seedlings. Plant material used was DXP (76 × 36.11), which is susceptible to G. boninense. Disease progress was observed from latent period, disease incidence, disease severity, infection rate (r), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the AMF-Trichoderma association with plant oil palm root. CMA2 and T3 formulation showed the best result to reduce disease severity and insidence. Therefore, CMA2 + T3 was the best combination of formulation for controlling oil palm basal stem rot disease based on disease progress.

Black pod disease (BPD) of cacao caused by Phytophthora palmivora(Butl.) is one of the major diseases on cacao plantation worldwide. Endophytic fungi (EF), fungi that live asymptomatically inside healthy plants, were examined to study their potentials as biocontrol agent of the disease. Six of EF selected from 37 species (from 2843 isolates), isolated from healthy pods of cacao from Marena in Central Sulawesi were tested for their abilities to control BPD. Pods on living trees in the field were Tondok, Efi Toding; Sinaga, Meity Suradji; Widodo, ,; Suhartono, Maggy Thenawidjaja
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 40 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v40i2.6382

Black pod disease (BPD) of cacao caused by Phytophthora palmivora(Butl.) is one of the major diseases on cacao plantation worldwide. Endophytic fungi (EF), fungi that live asymptomatically inside healthy plants, were examined to study their potentials as biocontrol agent of the disease. Six of EF selected from 37 species (from 2843 isolates), isolated from healthy pods of cacao from Marena in Central Sulawesi were tested for their abilities to control BPD. Pods on living trees in the field were sprayed with each EF propagules. The inoculated pods were harvested two weeks later and subsequently inoculated with P. palmivora. Scoring of disease development was performed and quantified as area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Latent period, infection rate and effectiveness were also recorded. In vitro growth inhibition of pathogen and induced plant defense mechanisms due to EF were also investigated. Xylariaceaeand Calocybe gambosatreatment generated the highest effectiveness control level, i.e. 38.8% and 33.8% respectively, followed by Resinicium friabileand Aschersoniatreatment, i.e. 17.4% dan 12.7% respectively. Pestalotiopsisand Fusariumwere not effective to control BPD. There was a strong connection between disease severity of BPD with the latent period of pathogen. Growth inhibition of pathogen and induced resistance of plant were partially responsible for disease suppression by Xylariaceae, C. gambosa, R. friabileand Aschersonia. Keywords: Calocybe gambosa, induced resistance, peroxidases, salicylic acid, Xylariaceae

Repellent Plants and Seed Treatments for Organic Vegetable Soybean Production Aziz, Sandra Arifin; Pardiyanto, Agus Yudhi; Sinaga, Meity Suradji
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 39 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

The research was conducted to study the effect of repellent plants and seed treatments on growth and production of organically grown vegetable soybean. The experiment was carried out at Cikarawang Research Station, Bogor, from September 2005 to May 2006. The organic experiment was arranged in a split plot design using four species of companion plants as repellent plants, i.e. Tagetes erecta, Cymbopogon nardus, Ocimum gratissimum, Tephrosia vogelii, and without repellent plants as the main plot, and seed treatments i.e. galangal oil, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and without seed treatments as sub plot using 3 replications and conventional system (using pesticides) as control. Plants grown under conventional system had a greater fresh pod weight (6.7 kg. 10 m-2) than those in organic system (4.80-5.79 kg. 10 m-2), a lower insect infestation (19.17, 22.92 and 32.50%) and disease prevalence (9.17, 11.42 and 14.42%), at 6, 7 and 8 Week After Planting (WAP) respectively, than the organic system. In the organic experiment, the use of O. gratissimum as repellent plants resulted in a significantly lowest empty pod per plant (0.79 g). T. erecta and O. gratissimum without seed treatment, P. fluorescens without repellent plants, and T. vogelii with galangal oil seed treatment has the significant lowest insect infestation at 6 WAP of 20.67, 23.00, 26.67 and 27.33%, respectively. An organic system using repellent plants had a significantly lower insect infestation at 8 WAP (35.67-40.33%, O. gratissimum being the lowest) than without repellent plants (50.56%). Seed treatments on organic system had the lower disease prevalence at 8 WAP (33.87% on P. fluorescens and 35.47% on galangal oil) than without seed treatments (37.73%). Number of root nodules (11.6-16.7 to 7.8) and root nodules dry weight (0.068- 0.101 to 0.040 g) of the organic system were greater than the conventional system. Soybean without repellent plants had a greater number of harvestable plants (137.3), but it was fewer than the conventional system (158.3)

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