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Penurunan Risiko Perkembangan Cendawan Terbawa Benih Hotong asal Pulau Buru melalui Perlakuan Air Panas PARLINDO, FITRA; Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 6 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.6.264-268

Penurunan Risiko Perkembangan Cendawan Terbawa Benih Hotong (Setaria italica) Asal Pulau Buru Melalui Perlakuan Air Panas Penggunaan benih sehat yang bebas cendawan terbawa benih merupakan faktor penting untuk meningkatkan produksi hotong (Setaria italica). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkaya teknik eliminasi cendawan terbawa benih melalui perlakuan air panas terhadap benih hotong asal Pulau Buru. Identifikasi cendawan terbawa benih menunjukkan bahwa Boeremia merupakan cendawan dominan pada benih hotong asal Pulau Buru. Perlakuan air panas dengan kombinasi suhu (50 ℃, 52 ℃, 54 ℃) dan lama perlakuan (15, 20, 25 menit) diujikan untuk mencari perlakuan yang paling efektif menekan pertumbuhan cendawan tetapi tidak mengganggu perkecambahan benih. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan air panas pada suhu 50 ℃ selama 25 menit mampu menurunkan infestasi cendawan pada perlakuan in vitro dan ad planta berturut-turut sebesar 57% dan 55%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa metode ini dapat diandalkan untuk menyelamatkan kerugian produksi benih hotong akibat perkembangan cendawan patogen.

Direct Isolation Method for Tomato-Infecting Phytophthora infestans : Metode Isolasi Langsung untuk Phytophthora infestans yang Menginfeksi Tanaman Tomat Parlindo, Fitra; Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Papona, Alisya Talita; Tondok, Efi Toding
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2024): Maret 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.2.101-107

Infection of Phytophthora infestans at high altitudes in tropical regions causes symptoms of tomato late blight throughout the year. Even though it is very easy to find in the field, P. infestans is often very difficult to isolate aseptically in the laboratory. This study aims to evaluate direct isolation techniques that can increase the success of isolating P. infestans. Isolation was carried out on a non-specific medium, consisting of potato dextrose agar (PDA), corn meal agar (CMA), oatmeal agar (OMA), and water agar (WA) with three alternative types of antibiotics, i.e. chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and rifampicin. Observations were carried out to determine the effect of the medium on sporangia induction and the age of the original colony’s growth in CMA and OMA media. The results showed that the isolation of P. infestans using the direct method was successfully carried out on non-specific PDA, CMA, OMA and WA medium. The highest isolation success rate was obtained on CMA medium with the addition of 50 mg L-1 rifampicin. The fastest sporangia induction (8 days) was shown by colonies grown on OMA medium with the addition of 50 mg L-1 rifampicin based on the category of abundant sporangia after 20 days of incubation. Rejuvenation of P. infestans colonies for research purposes in the laboratory is recommended to be carried out routinely twice a month. This research provides practical guidance for understanding the bioecology of P. infestans infecting tomato plants, especially for further study on oomycetes fungi.

Rice Blast Field Assessment in Three Regencies Underlies the Importance of Fungicide Resistance Studies in West Java, Indonesia: Asesmen Lapangan Penyakit Blas Padi Mendasari Pentingnya Kajian Resistensi Fungisida di Jawa Barat, Indonesia Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Abe, Ayumi; Sone, Teruo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2024): Juli 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.4.165-173

Asesmen Lapangan Penyakit Blas Padi Mendasari Pentingnya Kajian Resistensi Fungisida di Jawa Barat, Indonesia Dalam dekade terakhir, penelitian penyakit blas padi di Indonesia belum membahas dinamika antara cendawan Pyricularia oryzae dan penggunaan fungisida sehingga belum ada laporan terkait mutasi patogen ini. Pengamatan di Kabupaten Bogor, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi, Jawa Barat menunjukkan insidensi penyakit yang tinggi (53%–100%) dengan keparahan berkisar 8%–67%. Keparahan penyakit tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Cikembar, daerah di kaki Gunung Gede Pangrango, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Pengamatan lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa meski dilanda kemarau panjang akibat fenomena El Niño pada sepanjang tahun 2023, Cikembar masih mengalami keparahan penyakit yang relatif tinggi (36%) mengonfirmasi daerah ini masih merupakan daerah endemik blas. Tingginya keparahan penyakit meski fungisida diaplikasikan secara intensif di Cikembar memperkuat dugaan telah munculnya kasus resistensi P. oryzae terutama terhadap fungisida isoprotiolan yang telah digunakan bertahun-tahun. Kelompok tani Cikembar juga menghadapi tantangan lain, yaitu tanah masam dan perbedaan taktik antarpetani dalam penggunaan fungisida yang memperumit upaya pengendalian penyakit secara terpadu. Bukti kemunculan mutasi P. oryzae terhadap fungisida isoprotiolan perlu dikonfirmasi melalui studi laboratorium sehingga diperoleh rekomendasi penggunaan fungisida yang lebih baik dalam jangka panjang.

Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) Genotype ICERI-6 Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Ardie, Sintho W.
Akta Agrosia Vol 23 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Badan Penerbitan Fakultas Pertanian (BPFP), Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The need of functional foods that provide health benefits beyond the essential nutrient has caused foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) potential to be developed. The foxtail millet superior development needs to be equipped by the production of pathogen-free seeds. Seed-borne pathogens have the potential to inhibit plant growth, reduce plant productivity, change the nutritional content of plants, and may cause new plant disease epidemics. This study aimed to detect and identify fungi associated with foxtail millet seeds genotype ICERI-6 from the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros which have 8 mo shelf life. Seeds surface-sterilized with NaOCl was grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated for 4 days. Detected fungal colonies were recultured on PDA medium to be characterized by morphological characteristics. The colonies were dominated by Fusarium oxysporum (52%) followed by F. verticilloides, Curvularia sp., Helminthosporium sp., Cladosporioum sp., and Rhizoctonia solani ranging from 4% to 13%. The fungal growth rate varies from 0.73 - 2.67 cm per day. Hot water treatment with temperature 52 oC for 20 min could reduce the percentage of infection by up to 64% without the reduction of seed germination. Detection of pathogens at different shelf lives and genotypes is needed as basic information to optimizing the method of controlling seed-borne pathogen in foxtail millet seeds. Keywords: growth rate, hot water treatment, incubation, morphological characterization, shelf life.

Mekanisme Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Batang Jeruk oleh Khamir, Kitosan, Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular, dan Bakteri Simbiotiknya Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Sinaga, Meity Suradji; Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Plant diseases become an important constraint on citrus production. Stem rot disease caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae is a major disease on citrus in Indonesia. This study was aimed to evaluate the mechanism of yeast, arbuscular mychorrhiza fungi (AMF), symbiotic bacteria of AMF and chitosan in controlling stem rot disease. In vitro study was performed to evaluate the mechanism of antibiosis, hyperparasitism, production of volatile compounds, and production of chitinase enzyme. The experiment was continued by in planta assays using yeast, AMF, symbiotic bacteria of AMF, and chitosan either singly or in combination. The experiments were performed using completely randomized design with 3 replications. Disease progress were observed based on its latent period, AUDPC, infection rate, AMF association rate, and total phenol content. In vitro studies indicated that the yeasts showed hyperparasitism to B. theobromae with affinity of 26 cells per hyphae, produced volatile compounds with relative resistance level (RRL) 29.1%, and produced chitinase. Selected symbiotic bacteria from AMF showed antibiosis with RRL 42.9%, production of volatile compounds with RRL 26.7%, and has 98% homology with Bacillus subtilis from Vietnam. Application of yeast + AMF + chitosan delayed disease latent period and suppressed disease incidence. Single AMF and combination of yeast + AMF suppressed disease severity, infection rate, and AUDPC. Application of yeast + AMF showed highest association level of AMF and total phenol content. Therefore, the application of AMF and yeast + AMF is recommended in controlling citrus stem rot disease.

Formulasi Trichoderma dan Mikoriza Arbuskular untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Kelapa Sawit: Formulation of Trichoderma sp. and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza to Control Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm Sinthya E, Hana Christine; Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Sinaga, Meity Suradji; Toruan-Mathius, Nurita; Nawangsih, Abjad Asih
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 6 (2024): November 2024 - IN PROGRESS
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.6.286-294

Basal stem rot (G. boninense) is one of the most important diseases in oil palm. As biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to inhibit the growth of G. boninense. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of those biocontrol agents is unstable due to less appropriate formulation and application. Biofungicide formulation affects the effectiveness in controlling plant diseases, the ability to proliferate and survive in the environment, the period of storage, and reduces preparation time and application cost. This research aimed to develop the formulation of Trichoderma spp., and AMF to control G. boninense. Trichoderma spp. The active ingredient has been mass-produced in millet formulated with carriers: T1 using rice bran, while T3 was combined with rice bran and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) compost. AMF active ingredient has been mass producted in shorgum root, and formulated with carrier, CMA1 using zeolite. While, CMA2 combined zeolite with EFB compost. AMF applications were on seed planting, Trichoderma spp. applications were on three months seedlings. Plant material used was DXP (76 × 36.11), which is susceptible to G. boninense. Disease progress was observed from latent period, disease incidence, disease severity, infection rate (r), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the AMF-Trichoderma association with plant oil palm root. CMA2 and T3 formulation showed the best result to reduce disease severity and insidence. Therefore, CMA2 + T3 was the best combination of formulation for controlling oil palm basal stem rot disease based on disease progress.

Diseases in tobacco with monoculture and polyculture farming systems Januarsih, Vera; Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Damayanti, Tri Asmira
Agrovigor Vol 18, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v18i1.29407

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important agricultural product in Indonesia. Disease information on tobacco is required to develop effective control methods for supporting a proper tobacco farming system. This study investigates the disease type and intensity of tobacco in monoculture and polyculture cropping systems in Patebon District, Kendal Regency, Central Java. Disease evaluation factors such as types of symptoms, disease incidence and severity, and crop productivity under both crop systems were measured on tobacco every week for four weeks from 14 to 17 weeks after planting, as well as during harvest. Microscopic observation was used to identify the causative infections. The findings revealed that the disease makeup differed amongst crop systems. The leaf curl (Tobacco leaf curl virus) and mosaic (Tobacco mosaic virus) diseases were discovered in both cropping systems. However, anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp.) and leaf spot (Cladosporium sp.) were only observed in monoculture farming systems, whereas wildfire (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci) was only identified in polyculture farming systems at a low incidence. In general, disease incidence and severity were higher in monoculture agriculture systems than in polyculture crops. Furthermore, the policulture crop system had a slightly higher yield, indicating that tobacco would be better planted in polyculture than monoculture crop systems.

Pests and Diseases in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) Cultivated in The Greenhouse Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Nurulalia, Lia; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 8 No. 03 (2021): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.8.03.146-153

Greenhouse ecosystem with more stable abiotic factors could affect the population and diversity of pests and diseases found on foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) compared to their natural ecosystems. We observed and identified pests and diseases in seven genotypes of foxtail millet namely “Toraja”, “ICERI 5”, “ICERI 6”, “Botok 4”, “Botok 10”, “Mauliru”, and “Hambapraing”; these activities are important for the formulation of appropriate integrated pest management techniques. Using plant samples that were at the end of their vegetative phase, we found white mycelia of Fusarium incarnatum (yellowish-white colonies) and F. verticilloides (violetish-pink colonies) covering the ear-tip of the seeds and developed rapidly leading to seed rotten symptoms in “Toraja”, “ICERI 5”, and “ICERI 6”. The disease severity remained constant after these integrated management techniques were put in place. However, abnormalities in leaves leading to failure of panicle emergence occurred in “Botok 4”, “Botok 10”, “Mauliru”, and “Hambapraing”. These were caused by the fungi Penicillium sp. Identical controlling techniques were applied to this incidence and the disease incidence was reduced. Corn leaf aphids (Rhophalosiphum maidis) and rice mealybugs (Brevenia rehi) were recorded as main insect pests with severe attack. The aphid, R. maidis, colonized the stems and were associated with the sooty mold (Capnodium sp.), resulting in wilting. The mealybugs, B. rehi, colonized the flag leaves resulting in leaf rotting. Insecticide and isolating the attacked plants were used as the controlling techniques. Red-mites (Tetranychus urticae) were also detected as indicated by chlorotic spots on the upper part of the leaves. Acaricide was used to reduce its population. The pests and diseases found in the seven genotypes of foxtail millet are commonly known to occur in Poaceae. In general, greenhouse ecosystem for foxtail millet facilitated planting with high population with lower diversity of pests and diseases compared to the open field planting.

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