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Persepsi citra tubuh dan kendala untuk menurunkan berat badan pada remaja SLTP di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul Noviani Tarigan; Hamam Hadi; Madarina Julia
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2005): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17347

Background: The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing, both in the developed and developing countries. Obesity has been reported to be related to the impairment of body image, but this association has not been studied among Indonesian adolescents.Objective: To assess the perception of body image and the obstacles for reducing body weight in obese junior high school adolescents in the District of Yogyakarta and Bantul.Methods: This is a cross sectional study, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Body images were assessed using Body Image Assessment for Obesity (BIA-O) with 8 figures. In depth interview were used to assess the perceptions of body images and the obstacles in reducing body weight faced by the obese adolescents.Results: Obese adolescents had significantly larger dissatisfaction to their body images compared to their non-obese peers, i.e. mean (95%CI) scores of dissatisfaction of 1.89 (1.69 – 2.08) in obese adolescents compared to –0.27 (-0.49 to 0.05) in non-obese adolescents. Most of the obese adolescents had tried to reduce their weight, mostly in order to have a better looks, but failures and hardships in the efforts had made most of them stopped trying.Conclusion: Obese adolescent were not satisfied with their image. Most of them had tried to reduce body weight but failures had made them stop trying.

Pengaruh suplementasi tablet Fe dengan supervisi suami pada ibu hamil terhadap umur kehamilan di Kabupaten Bantul Dhuto Widagdo; Hamam Hadi; Wiryatun Lestariana
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2005): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17350

Background: The high prevalence of anemia pregnant women anemia in Indonesia reaches 50%–70%, and it is caused by many factors. First, it may be caused by low compliance of iron supplementation and second, it may be caused by bad distribution of iron supplementation. This prevalence results some effect: high maternal mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, anemia in infancy, and low productivity. One solution to overcome this prevalence is by giving iron supplementation to pregnant women with husband’s supervision.Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between iron supplementation with compliance, Hb value, and average of age gestation under husband’s supervision.Methods: This was quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design. Subjects were pregnant women aged 20–28 weeks whose hemoglobin level 8 gr/dl to 15 gr/dl. Subject were taken from three sub-districts of Bantul District, Special Teritory of Yogyakarta. Subject were divided into two groups, the first group (n=55) received 60 mg iron supplementation with husband’s supervision and the second group (n=65) received 60 mg iron supplementation without husband’s supervision.Results: The compliance of first the group was higher than the second group (x2=19,48 p<0,01). In the first group, iron supplementation was effective to increase Hb level it was statistically insignificant (p>0,05). In the second group, iron supplementation was also effective to increase Hb level and it is statistically significant (p<0,05). The difference of Hb level between two groups was insignifi cant. After the predictor variable was controlled using multivariate regression test, it showed that iron supplementation with husband’s supervision was effective to increased Hb level 0,8 gr/dl and statistically signifi cant (p<0,05). The gestation average of two groups was similar, but after predictor variable was controlled using multivariate test, it showed that iron supplementation with husband’s supervision had one week gestation longer than those group without husband’s supervision.Conclusion: Iron supplementation with husband’s supervision are effective to lengthen one week age gestation.

Pengaruh suplementasi tablet fe mingguan dan harian terhadap kepatuhan minum tablet Fe dan perubahan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta Dwi Susetyo; Mohammad Hakimi; Hamam Hadi
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (2005): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17400

Background: In Indonesia, in 1995, 50.9% pregnant women suffer from Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA).Objective: To compare the effect of weekly iron/folate vs standard daily iron/folate supplementation in pregnant women on compliance and hemoglobin level.Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design. Pregnant women with 20-28 week gestation were enrolled in this study in Bantul District. They were divided into two groups. One group (n=70), in Pajangan and Sewon Sub District, was given 120 mg iron/0,50 mg folate once a week, and the second group (n=65), in Bambang Lipuro and Pundong Sub District, received 60 mg iron/0,25 mg folate per day. Compliance with supplementation was assessed by the women self-reporting, pill count, and stool test. To measure hemoglobin level, the cyanmethemoglobin method was conducted.Results: Compliance was significantly higher in the weekly group (84.69% compared with 71.94%, p=0,004). A multiple logistic regression analysis indicated odds ratio 6.605, it means that in the weekly group compliance was 6,6 times higher than in the daily group. Hemoglobin level increased in both groups. There was no significant difference between groups for changes in hemoglobin. Initial haemoglobin values for the weekly (m=11.61 g/dl) and daily (m=11.27 g/dl) groups as well as final hemoglobin values (11.99 g/dl and 11.83 g/dl, respectively) did not differ significantly between the two groups.Conclusion: Supplementation on a weekly basis is as effective as daily supplementation in improving iron status in pregnant women. In the weekly group, compliance can be ensured.

Analisis biaya pelayanan gizi keluarga miskin di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Elis Julinarti; Hamam Hadi; Tubagus Raymond
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (2005): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Background: The health cost from both government and non-government sectors in the year of 2000 was Rp1.470/ capita/year. The cost for nutrition programs in the year 2003 was Rp200/ capita/ year, while in Indragiri Hulu, the cost for nutrition service was allocated 0.55% of regional budget of Health Department.Objective: To estimate the real cost and demand of cost of nutrition service for poor family and to explore the perception of regional government, regional parliament and private sectors about the cost of nutrition service.Method: This study was a qualitative study. In-depth interview method was used to collect data from regional government officers, regional parliament members and private sectors.Results: The cost of nutrition service for poor family on average was Rp12.053.000, in the year 2003 and Rp8.763.000, in the year 2004. In fact, the demand cost was Rp79.022.541, for rural primary health care and Rp144.073.000, for urban primary health care.Conclusion: The cost of nutrition service for poor family in Indragiri Hulu on average was Rp645/ capita/ year in the year 2003 and Rp355, in the year 2004 which was much smaller than the demand cost which was Rp14.290.

Pola makan dan obesitas sebagai faktor risiko diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar Ni Komang Wiardani; Hamam Hadi; Emy Huriyati
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juli
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17456

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with its increasing prevalence worldwide, including in Indonesia and in Bali province especially among adult group. The increasing prevalence of DM is followed by the increasing prevalence of obesity affected by changes in lifestyle and unhealthy dietary patterns.Objective: The study was conducted to investigate relations between dietary patterns and obesity with type 2 DM in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.Method: The study was observational analytic with matched case control study. Subject of the study was divided into two groups, i.e. case and control with comparison case and control 1:2 which matched to age and sex. The cases were type 2 DM patients who had recently diagnosed on first visited in Sanglah Hospital. Control 1 was outpatients of non-type 2 DM in Sanglah Hospital and control 2 were taken from the case-neighboring household. Total subject were 147, taken by consecutive method. Collected data were subject identity, dietary patterns, physical activity, weight, height, waist circumference and fasting blood sugar. Dietary patterns were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity was collected using modified International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and fasting blood sugar were estimated using biosensor of glucose. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with type 2 DM.Result: This study showed that there were 5 variables significantly related with type 2 DM, i.e. interaction of overall obesity with the dietary fiber intake (OR:10.7; 95% CI: 3.5-33.7), family history (OR:5.5, 95% CI: 2.2-13.3), source of high fat animal protein (OR:4.9, 95% CI:1.5-16.1), source of low fat animal protein (OR:0.1, 95% CI: 0-0.5), hypertension (OR:3.7, 95% CI:1.4-9.9)Conclusion: The interaction between overall obesity with dietary fiber intake, family history, source of high fat animal protein, source of low fat animal protein and hypertension were the risk factors of type 2 DM occurrence in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.

Pengaruh penyuluhan manfaat sayur dan buah terhadap asupan zat gizi remaja obesitas siswa/siswi SLTP di Kota Palembang Yulianto Yulianto; Hamam Hadi; R Dwi Budiningsari
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2007): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17475

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country rich in various vegetables and fruits which are necessary for health because they contain lots of vitamins, minerals and fibers. However, Indonesian children and teenagers do not often pay attention to balanced nutrition, particularly vegetables and fruits. They even tend to choose fast food which may lead to occurrence of obesity. Prevalence of obesity among teenagers becomes an important issue because it persists to adulthood. Impact of obesity is a threat to public health and needs serious attention. Considering the important role of vegetables and fruits for health especially among obese teenagers, awareness on the necessity of consuming those needs to be made and built through nutrition counseling.Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the effects of counseling on the advantages of vegetables and fruits consumption to nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and fiber) among obese teenage students of junior high school at Palembang Municipality.Method: The study was quantitative with quasi experimental design. Subject of the study were obese teenage students of junior high school at Palembang Municipality aged 12 – 15 years old. There were 72 respondents of intervention group and 72 respondents of control group. Samples were taken using non random sampling technique. T-test was used to find out effects of counseling to consumption of vegetables and fruits and nutrient intake before and after intervention.Result: Delta average value of fruit consumption and nutrient intake (energy, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber) based on t-test analysis showed significant difference in both groups with p<0.05. Meanwhile, delta average value of vegetable consumption and nutrient intake (protein) did not show significant relationship (p>0.05).Conclusion: Counseling on the advantages of vegetables and fruits affect consumption of fruits and nutrient intake (energy, fat, carbohydrate and fiber).

Pola konsumsi makanan di luar rumah sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas pada remaja SMP di Kota Palembang Podojoyo Podojoyo; Hamam Hadi; Emy Huriyati
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (2006): November
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17487

Background: Teenagers nutriture are complicated because teenagers often ignore meal time, have snacks and do not eat regularly so that eating out such as having fast foods becomes a favorite choice. Prevalence of obesity among teenagers in Yogyakarta is 7.8%, Tangerang 5.01% and Surabaya 6.5%. Changes of eating pattern in the family and habit of eating out at restaurants or food courts are presumed as factors that increase prevalence of obesity at Palembang Municipality.Objectives: To explore prevalence of obesity and identify relationship of eating out pattern among obese and non obese junior high school teenagers at Palembang Municipality.Method: First, a survey was done to 1,300 junior high school teenagers at Palembang Municipality to find out prevalence of obesity using cross sectional design with cluster random sampling technique. Next, to find out relationship between eating out consumption pattern and obesity, case control study with simple random sampling technique was used. Total number of samples in case control design was as many as 174 people, matched with age, sex, and grade. The study was conducted in July–December 2005. Data were analyzed using univariable, bivariable, and multivariable techniques.Results: Prevalence of obesity among junior high school teenagers at Palembang Municipality was 6.62%. There was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between eating out fre- quency, consumption of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate, and occurence of obesity. There was significant relationship (p<0.05) between total consumption of energy, fat, carbohydrate, frequency of eating in, obese status of parents, social economic status of the family, education of fathers and mothers, and occurence of obesity. Conclusions: Factors related to occurence of obesity were frequency of eating in, total consumption of energy, obese status of parents and education of fathers. The factor most dominantly related to obesity was frequency of eating in.

Manajemen distribusi kapsul yodium pada ibu hamil di daerah endemik gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Hasrun Hasanu; Hamam Hadi; Toto Castro
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 4, No 3 (2008): Maret
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.17674

Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a public health problem in Indonesia and this is closely related to intelligent and mental development disorder. Bad effect of IDD to pregnant mothers who suffer from serious IDD problem may happen during their second trimester pregnancy, however, such effect may be overcome by giving iodine substance supplement. Risks that may happen to pregnant mothers, especially to fetus and infants are miscarriage, stillbirth, born disabled, birth with low body weight, cretin, psychomotor disorder, and death in infancy. According to the result of IDD mapping, Total Goiter Rate at Gunung Kidul District is 12.6%. Short term effort to overcome IDD is distributing iodine capsule to the target, but there is problem in its implementation especially in the management process and resources.Objectives: To determine relationship between management factor and iodine capsule distribution coverage to pregnant mothers at IDD endemic area, Gunung Kidul District.Methods: The study was observational with cross sectional design which used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Subjects were all nutrition staff and pregnant mothers at community health centers of IDD endemic areas at Gunung Kidul District.Results: There was significant relationship between iodine capsule intake status and urine iodine level (χ2=23.0 p<0.001). This showed that iodine capsule intake status could increase urine iodine excretion level of pregnant mothers. Management process (planning, implementation, control) had significant relationship with urine iodine excretion level of pregnant mothers subsequently (χ2=5.4, p=0.02, OR=1.86, χ2=16.64, p<0.001, OR=2.98, χ2=8.74, p=0.004, OR=2.23). This meant that good management process could increase iodine capsule intake status. Resources (human resources, facilities, fund) had significant relationship with iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers subsequently (χ2=4.65, p=0.043, OR=1.83, χ2=6.04, p=0.019, OR=1.94, χ2=6.04, p=0.019, OR=1.94). This showed that sufficient resources could increase iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers. Iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers was low, i.e. 86 persons of average 35.5% out of 263 respondents and median of urine iodine excretion of pregnant mothers belonged to IDD endemic category, i.e. 86.58 g/dL.Conclusion: Management process and resources had not functioned well and there was significant relationship between management process (planning, implementation, control); and resources (staff, fund, facilities) with coverage of iodine capsule distribution to pregnant mothers. Iodine capsule intake status of pregnant mothers tended to increase urine iodine excretion level of pregnant mothers.

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