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All Journal Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
TJAHJANI MIRAWATI SUDIRO
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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SARS-CoV-2 Proteases: Role and Potential as Drug Target Swestikaputri, Chrecentia Hanna; Sudiro, Tjahjani Mirawati
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 24 No. 03 (2023): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss03/437

Abstract

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has become a long global pandemic caused by a transmitted and pathogenic virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though WHO has retracted the global emergency status of COVID-19, it remains a threat. Various antiviral treatments are being devised and developed due to the coronavirus's high rate of mutation and need to create more effective treatments for infections. Protease is an important part of the life cycle of SARS CoV-2 hence it is intended as an antiviral target. Several protease inhibitor candidates have been identified, but there is still much to learn, including the structure and mechanism by which these inhibitors inhibit protease. This article investigates the function of proteases in the SARS CoV-2 life cycle and the mechanism of protease inhibition. Past and present research on the protease inhibitor mechanism of action was evaluated in order to generate this literature review. Here we found that the main protease (Mpro), one of SARS-CoV's proteases, is highly conserved among coronaviruses and has no human homolog. As a result, numerous Mpro inhibitors have been developed in an effort to treat COVID-19. PAXLOVID, an Mpro inhibitor, is already approved by FDA for emergency use.
Immunopathogenesis of dengue virus and Salmonella typhi coinfection Nugraheni, Enny; Sudiro, Tjahjani Mirawati; Nainggolan, Leonard; Fithriyah; Dewi, Beti Ernawati
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 15, No 2, (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol15.Iss2.art12

Abstract

Typhoid, malaria, leptospirosis, dengue virus (DENV), and other arboviruses are endemic in Indonesia. Therefore, it is more likely that DENV and other infectious diseases could be coinfected. More severe symptoms, delayed identification, and ineffective treatment of the illness can all result from Salmonella typhi coinfection. To serve as a principle for clinicians’ considerations while diagnosing and prescribing, we aim to examine the immunopathogenesis of dengue associated with Salmonella typhi coinfection. Dengue virus has the potential to increase both susceptibility and incidence of this coinfection, leading to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) with more severe clinical symptoms. This is explained by regulating impact of coinfection in the presence of gram-negative membrane endotoxin, DENV replication, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). If Salmonella typhi coinfection is not treated promptly, both dengue and Salmonella typhi can affect several organs and result in significant morbidity and death. Dengue and typhoid immunopathogenesis coinfection are unclear. When dengue monoinfection compared with Salmonella dengue dual infections are related to higher fatality and morbidity rates.
Indonesian medicinal plants' therapeutic potential against dengue virus infection: A literature review Kartika, Aisya Alma Asmiranti; Dewi, Beti Ernawati; Sudiro, Tjahjani Mirawati
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 15, No 3, (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol15.Iss3.art11

Abstract

Infections caused by the dengue virus (DENV) exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to severe, and sometimes life-threatening, conditions. Therefore, identifying effective antivirals and anti-inflammatory agents is a promising strategy to reduce the impact of these infections. Indonesia, with its rich biodiversity, particularly in medicinal plants, offers potential sources for such treatments. Most research on DENV antivirals in Indonesia has been conducted in vitro and has predominantly focused on DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). However, in vivo research on medicinal plants, as well as studies on their anti-inflammatory properties, remains limited in Indonesia.Extracts that have been investigated in both in vivo and in vitro settings are limited to Cassia alata and Curcuma longa. Plants possessing antiviral properties originate from diverse botanical families, with leaves being the most utilized plant component. Flavonoids are found in most medicinal plants that have antiviral properties. Indonesia is known to have other natural compounds, including quercetin, isobutyl gallate, curcumin, and 6-gingerol, which have antiviral properties. Curcumin and 6-gingerol are the only natural compounds that have been subjected to testing against all four serotypes of dengue. This article provides a comprehensive review of medicinal plants in Indonesia, focusing specifically on their therapeutic potential against the dengue virus.
Co-Authors Agus Sjahrurachman Beti Ernawati Dewi Betty Ernawati Fera lbrahim Fithriyah Kartika, Aisya Alma Asmiranti Leonard Nainggolan Mardiastuti Mardiastuti Nugraheni, Enny Pratiwi Pujilestari Sudarmono Swestikaputri, Chrecentia Hanna