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GREEN STRATEGIES AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION Erna Wati; Sheila Septiany; Ivone Ivone; Valene Fortuna Lim
Journal of Global Business and Management Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Global Business and Management Review
Publisher : Program Sarjana Manajemen Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jgbmr.v8i1.11874

Abstract

This study examines the effects of Green Intellectual Capital (GIC), Green Leadership (GL), and Strategic Leadership Capabilities (SLC) on Competitive Advantage (CA), and whether Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) strengthens these effects. Data were collected through an online structured questionnaire from 163 professionals in environmentally oriented organizations using purposive sampling. The proposed model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling with reliability and validity checks, followed by hypothesis and interaction-effect testing. The results indicate that GIC, GL, and SLC have significant positive effect on CA. EO also significantly strengthens the effects of GIC, GL, and SLC on CA, suggesting that firms with stronger entrepreneurial orientation gain greater competitive returns from green intangible resources and leadership capabilities. This study offers managerial implications for enhancing competitiveness through targeted investments in green capabilities and entrepreneurial culture. Limitations include the single-country setting and cross-sectional survey design; therefore, future research should adopt longitudinal and multi-country designs, incorporate multi-source data, and explore additional mediating or moderating variables to provide deeper insights into the dynamic mechanisms linking green capabilities to competitive advantage.
THE IMPACT OF FEMALE DIRECTORS, PROFITABILITY, AND CEO AGE ON CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP IN INDONESIA Erna Wati; Sheila Septiany; Febrianti Saniapon
Global Financial Accounting Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Accounting Department, Faculty of Business and Management, Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/gfa.v10i1.11668

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of female directors, defined as women serving on the board of directors within Indonesia's two-tier governance system, profitability, and CEO age on carbon emission disclosure, with institutional ownership assessed as a moderating variable. The research is driven by the persistently limited transparency of carbon emissions in Indonesia and the need to understand how governance attributes contribute to environmental accountability. A quantitative approach is applied using secondary data from non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2024 period. The analysis employs fixed-effect panel regression with robust standard errors, incorporating logarithmic transformations to ensure model stability and interpretability. The empirical results show that female directors on the board of directors have a significant negative effect on carbon emission disclosure, while profitability and CEO age exhibit no direct influence. The moderation analysis indicates that institutional ownership weakens the effect of profitability, strengthens the influence of CEO age, and shows no moderating role in the relationship between female directors on the board of directors and disclosure. These findings imply that institutional investors in Indonesia remain financially driven, although they tend to reinforce the long-term orientation of senior CEOs in promoting transparency. Overall, this study underscores the importance of aligning governance mechanisms with stakeholder expectations to advance carbon emission disclosure as a substantive component of corporate sustainability. .