. Suharto
Jurusan Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember Jln. Kalimantan 37 Kampus Tegalboto Jember 68121

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STUDI BIOLOGI DAN PREFERENSI Carpophilus dimidiatus F. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) PADA BEBERAPA JENIS KACANG-KACANGAN Jihan, .; Suharto, .; Prastowo, Sigit
Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian Vol 1, No 4: MEI
Publisher : Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1343.772 KB)

Abstract

[ENGLISH] Carpophilus dimidiatus is an important pest that attack post harvest grains and dried fruit. The losses caused by C. dimidiatus attacks is quite high. C. dimidiatus has reported attacks on nut product. This study aims to know the biology of C. dimidiatus and the level of attacks on several nut. This research was conducted in Pest laboratory, Pest and Plant Disease Department of the Agricultural Faculty, Jember University from September 2012 until December 2012. The method used in this research was conduct biology test and preference test consisting of choosen test and non choosen test. The results showed C. dimidiatus life cycle needs 35-47 days or average 39,33 days wich consists of eggs 2-5 days, first instar 3-4 days, second instar 2-6 days, third instar 2-6 days, fourth instar 2-5 days, fifth instar 3-6 days, 7-18 days at sixth instar, pupa are 3-8 days. The egg colour are translucent white with a shape like a grain of rice, the larval body color are yellowish-white with golden brown head and tip of abdomen, the pupa are white with brown eyes. Fecundity C. dimidiatus are 162 eggs for 37 days, and about 5.4 eggs a day. Fertility of C. dimidiatus are 53.7%. Sex ratio of C. dimidiatus are 1:2. Three pairs of C. dimidiatus that made damages on 50 grams peanut local varieties can reach 54.90% during the eigth weeks of storage period. Keywords: Carpophilus dimidiatus; nuts; preferences [INDONESIAN] Carpophilus dimidiatus adalah hama penting yang menyerang biji-bijian dan buah kering pasca panen. Kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkan oleh serangan C. dimidiatus cukup tinggi. Serangan C. dimidiatus juga ditemukan pada produk kacangkacangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biologi dari C. dimidiatus dan tingkat serangan pada beberapa jenis kacang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lab. Hama Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember mulai bulan September 2012 hingga Desember 2012. Metode yang dilakukan adalah melakukan Uji Biologi dan Uji Preferensi yang terdiri dari uji pilihan dan uji non pilihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siklus hidup C. dimidiatus membutuhkan waktu 35-47 hari yaitu rata-rata 39,33, terdiri dari telur 2-5 hari, larva instar ke-I 3-4 hari, larva instar ke-II 2-6 hari, larva instar ke-III 2-6 hari, larva instar ke-IV 2-5 hari, larva instar ke-V 3-6 hari, larva instar ke-VI 7-18 hari, pupa 3-8 hari. Warna telur putih bening dengan bentuk seperti bulir beras, warna tubuh larva putih kekuningan dengan ujung kepala dan ujung abdomen berwarna coklat keemasan, warna pupa putih dan bagian mata berwarna coklat. Fekunditas C. dimidiatus untuk satu pasang imago dapat menghasilkan 162 telur selama 37 hari, dan perharinya sekitar 5,4 butir telur. Fertilitas sebesar 53.7%. Seks rasio imago jantan:betina adalah 1:2. Infestasi tiga pasang C. dimidiatus pada 50 gram kacang tanah varietas lokal mengakibat kerusakan 54.90 % selama masa simpan delapan minggu. Kata Kunci: Carpophilus dimidiatus; Kacang – kacangan; preferensi How to citate: Jihan, Suharto, S Prastowo. 2014. Studi biologi dan preferensi Carpophilus dimidiatus F. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) pada beberapa jenis kacang-kacangan. Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 1(4): 73-76.
Pembibitan Tanaman Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) dengan Abu Vulkanik Sudrajad, Heru; Suharto, .; Fauzi, .
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (255.042 KB) | DOI: 10.33508/jfst.v2i1.696

Abstract

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) represents one of the plantation medicines of Indonesia, which its population was almost extinction (endangered). Purwoceng represent the original plant of Indonesia with the swampy forest limited so that need special effort to preserve. Purwoceng represents the endemic species which was growing in the mountain with the height of 1.800-3.500 m dpl in West Java (Pangrango Mountain), Central Java (Dieng plateau) and East Java. Purwoceng seeds represent the highly cost commodity, which is observed by a lot of jamu industry. Volcano dusty from Kelud mountain eruption on Thusday, 12 February 2014 diseminating widely and reach the region Yogyakarta, Central Java and West Java. The volcano dusty could give the fertility of land and plant. It became the good materials for media planting. This research was conducted in Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine Research and Development Centre with Complete Random Device Methods, by using the volcano dusty media of Kelud mountain with the treatment of giberelin 0 (control), 25, 50 and 75 ppm. The research showed that the purwoceng seed with the addition of giberelin 25 ppm gave the best result of growth, the average of total leaf was 6,7 pieces, the length of handle was 6,11 cm and the length of root was 11, 7 cm with the colour of leaf was yellow green at 3 month olds.
STUDI BIOLOGI DAN PREFERENSI Carpophilus dimidiatus F. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) PADA BEBERAPA JENIS KACANG-KACANGAN . Jihan; . Suharto; Sigit Prastowo
Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian Vol 1 No 4 (2014): MEI
Publisher : Jember University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1343.772 KB)

Abstract

[ENGLISH] Carpophilus dimidiatus is an important pest that attack post harvest grains and dried fruit. The losses caused by C. dimidiatus attacks is quite high. C. dimidiatus has reported attacks on nut product. This study aims to know the biology of C. dimidiatus and the level of attacks on several nut. This research was conducted in Pest laboratory, Pest and Plant Disease Department of the Agricultural Faculty, Jember University from September 2012 until December 2012. The method used in this research was conduct biology test and preference test consisting of choosen test and non choosen test. The results showed C. dimidiatus life cycle needs 35-47 days or average 39,33 days wich consists of eggs 2-5 days, first instar 3-4 days, second instar 2-6 days, third instar 2-6 days, fourth instar 2-5 days, fifth instar 3-6 days, 7-18 days at sixth instar, pupa are 3-8 days. The egg colour are translucent white with a shape like a grain of rice, the larval body color are yellowish-white with golden brown head and tip of abdomen, the pupa are white with brown eyes. Fecundity C. dimidiatus are 162 eggs for 37 days, and about 5.4 eggs a day. Fertility of C. dimidiatus are 53.7%. Sex ratio of C. dimidiatus are 1:2. Three pairs of C. dimidiatus that made damages on 50 grams peanut local varieties can reach 54.90% during the eigth weeks of storage period. Keywords: Carpophilus dimidiatus; nuts; preferences [INDONESIAN] Carpophilus dimidiatus adalah hama penting yang menyerang biji-bijian dan buah kering pasca panen. Kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkan oleh serangan C. dimidiatus cukup tinggi. Serangan C. dimidiatus juga ditemukan pada produk kacangkacangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biologi dari C. dimidiatus dan tingkat serangan pada beberapa jenis kacang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lab. Hama Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember mulai bulan September 2012 hingga Desember 2012. Metode yang dilakukan adalah melakukan Uji Biologi dan Uji Preferensi yang terdiri dari uji pilihan dan uji non pilihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siklus hidup C. dimidiatus membutuhkan waktu 35-47 hari yaitu rata-rata 39,33, terdiri dari telur 2-5 hari, larva instar ke-I 3-4 hari, larva instar ke-II 2-6 hari, larva instar ke-III 2-6 hari, larva instar ke-IV 2-5 hari, larva instar ke-V 3-6 hari, larva instar ke-VI 7-18 hari, pupa 3-8 hari. Warna telur putih bening dengan bentuk seperti bulir beras, warna tubuh larva putih kekuningan dengan ujung kepala dan ujung abdomen berwarna coklat keemasan, warna pupa putih dan bagian mata berwarna coklat. Fekunditas C. dimidiatus untuk satu pasang imago dapat menghasilkan 162 telur selama 37 hari, dan perharinya sekitar 5,4 butir telur. Fertilitas sebesar 53.7%. Seks rasio imago jantan:betina adalah 1:2. Infestasi tiga pasang C. dimidiatus pada 50 gram kacang tanah varietas lokal mengakibat kerusakan 54.90 % selama masa simpan delapan minggu. Kata Kunci: Carpophilus dimidiatus; Kacang – kacangan; preferensi How to citate: Jihan, Suharto, S Prastowo. 2014. Studi biologi dan preferensi Carpophilus dimidiatus F. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) pada beberapa jenis kacang-kacangan. Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 1(4): 73-76.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA NABATI BERBAHAN BIJI MIMBA (Azadiractha indica A. Juss) DAN LIMBAH DAUN TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L.) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Spodoptera litura F. Avrida Kristiawan; Suharto Suharto; Wildan Jatmiko
Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian Vol 2 No 1 (2019): FEBRUARI
Publisher : Jember University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/bip.v2i1.16118

Abstract

ABSTRACT Spodoptera litura F. is a pest that causes a decrease in production at various plant phases. S litura attacks the leaves and fruit of the plant, causing leaves to be slightly whitish because only the upper leaves are left behind. The cause of the high attack of pests is resistance to the use of chemical insecticides that are used continuously. The negative impact of the use of chemical insecticides can be reduced by the use of vegetal insecticides made from neem seeds and tobacco leaf waste. The study was conducted in May to June 2017, through two stages. The first stage is preparation includes the multiplication and maintenance of S litura, tool sterilization, and extraction of vegetal insecticides in the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases. The second stage of preparation includes the application of vegetal insecticides to S litura. The application of the treatment uses factorial Randomized Complete Design (RAL) with the first factor, which is neem seed (M), and vegetal insecticides made from tobacco leaf waste (T) and the second factor Concentration (D) includes 5 concentrations namely 15%, 12.5%, 10%, 7.5%, 5% plus controls as a comparison with an accuracy value of 95% and continued Duncan test 95%. The combination of treatment was the concentration of pulp seeds of 15%, neem seed concentration of 12.5%, neem seed concentration of 10%, neem seed concentration of 7.5%, pulp concentration of 5%, tobacco leaf waste concentration of 15%, tobacco leaf waste concentration of 12.5 %, 10% tobacco leaf waste concentration, 7.5% tobacco leaf waste concentration, 5% tobacco leaf waste concentration. Neem seeds are the best vegetal insecticides to control as many as S litura pests. The best concentration to increase production is 15%. Keywords : Tabacco Leaf Waste, Neem Seeds, Concentration, S. litura F. ABSTRAK Spodoptera litura F. merupakan hama pemakan daun hingga habis, sehingga hanya tertinggal bagian epidermis daun dan tulang-tulang daun saja (Kurmia, 2017). Penyebab tingginya serangan hama ini dikarenakan karena resistensi hama akibat penggunaan insektisida kimia yang digunakan secara terus menerus. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2017, melalui dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah persiapan meliputi perbanyakan dan pemeliharaan S litura, sterilisasi alat, dan ektraksi insektisda nabati Labolatorium Hama dan Penyakit. Tahap kedua persiapanya meliputi aplikasi insektisida nabati pada S litura. Pengaplikasian perlakuan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan faktor pertama yaitu insketisida nabati berbahan biji mimba (M), dan insektisida nabati berbahan limbah daun tembakau (T) dan faktor kedua Konsentrasi (D) meliputi 5 konsentrasi yaitu 15%, 12,5%, 10%, 7,5%, 5% ditambah kontrol sebagai pembanding dengan nilai ketepatan 95% dan dilanjutkan uji Duncan 95%. Kombinasi perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi biji mimba 15%, konsentrasi biji mimba 12,5%, konsentrasi biji mimba 10%, konsentrasi biji mimba 7,5%, konsentrasi mimba 5%, konsentrasi limbah daun tembakau 15%, konsentrasi limbah daun tembakau 12,5%, konsentrasi limbah daun tembakau 10%, konsentrasi limbah daun tembakau 7,5%, konsentrasi limbah daun tembakau 5%. Kata Kunci : Limbah Daun Tembakau, Biji Mimba, Konsentrasi, dan S. litura F
JALUR INFEKSI Beauveria bassiana DAN Metarhizium anisopliae SEBAGAI PENGENDALI HAYATI COLEOPTERA:Oryctes rhinoceros L. Dyah Nuning Erawati; Irma Wardati; Suharto Suharto; Joni Murti Mulyo Aji; Novita Cholifah Ida; Yeni Suprapti
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan Vol 21 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lampung.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25181/jppt.v21i3.2139

Abstract

Recent co-evolutionary studies of insect-pathogens have shown that entomopathogenic fungi have a greater potential for oral toxicity in terms of virulence in the mouth infection of insect pests. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on finding the route of infection of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae through the mouth in the larvae of the rhinoceros beetle O. rhinoceros. The purpose of this study was to analyze the path of infection of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae in O. rhinoceros larvae through exposure to the entompotagen fungus. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory Politeknik Negeri Jember using a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae isolates from Temanggung, Jember and Jombang. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance and further analysis used Least Significant Difference Test at 5% level. The results showed that all isolates were able to infect and cause mortality in the test insects. MJb isolate had the highest effectiveness with the mortality rate of the test insects reaching 100% and the highest spore density with an average of 8.9 x 109 conidia/ml on day 6 after application. The hyphae that were abundant in the abdomen of cadaveric infected with M. anisopliae were different from the hyphae which grew more on the head of insects infected with B. bassiana, confirming previous research on the route of B. bassiana infection through oral toxicity. These results will be useful in providing new information regarding potential pathways of infection of B. bassiana in O. rhinoceros larvae through oral toxicity mechanisms, which until now have been very little reported. Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, oral infection, larvae, coleoptera
Pembibitan Tanaman Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) dengan Abu Vulkanik Sudrajad, Heru; Suharto, .; Fauzi, .
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan (Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jfst.v2i1.696

Abstract

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) represents one of the plantation medicines of Indonesia, which its population was almost extinction (endangered). Purwoceng represent the original plant of Indonesia with the swampy forest limited so that need special effort to preserve. Purwoceng represents the endemic species which was growing in the mountain with the height of 1.800-3.500 m dpl in West Java (Pangrango Mountain), Central Java (Dieng plateau) and East Java. Purwoceng seeds represent the highly cost commodity, which is observed by a lot of jamu industry. Volcano dusty from Kelud mountain eruption on Thusday, 12 February 2014 diseminating widely and reach the region Yogyakarta, Central Java and West Java. The volcano dusty could give the fertility of land and plant. It became the good materials for media planting. This research was conducted in Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine Research and Development Centre with Complete Random Device Methods, by using the volcano dusty media of Kelud mountain with the treatment of giberelin 0 (control), 25, 50 and 75 ppm. The research showed that the purwoceng seed with the addition of giberelin 25 ppm gave the best result of growth, the average of total leaf was 6,7 pieces, the length of handle was 6,11 cm and the length of root was 11, 7 cm with the colour of leaf was yellow green at 3 month olds.