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Journal : Life and Death: Journal of Eschatology

Śivagṛha: religious harmonization and the concept of unity in diversity Ni Kadek Surpi; I Gusti Putu Gede Widiana; Putu Sri Marselinawati
Life and Death: Journal of Eschatology Vol. 1 No. 1: (July) 2023
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/lad.v1i1.2023.192

Abstract

Prambanan Temple is a Hindu Nusantara Theological Archetype, where the name of the Parabrahman temple becomes Prambanan which means worship of the Supreme God, or the highest temple. The pattern of temple construction that uses the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala pattern and the concept of worship is characterized by Hindu Theology which is universal, overshadowing all isms. Relics in the form of Prambanan Temple, the grandest temple in Nusantara, illustrate the glory of Hinduism in the past and the theological concepts and ideas of diversity that are developing today. This qualitative research examines Prambanan Temple as an Archetype of Hindu Nusantara Theology that encourages religious harmonization and upholds the concept of unity amid differences. The research was conducted in several locations, such as the Prambanan Temple Complex, the Indonesian National Museum, the Jakarta National Library, and the Yogyakarta Archaeological Agency. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis known as Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA), a combination of objective content analysis with participant observation. The original name of Prambanan Temple is Śivagrha which means House of Śiva or Śivalaya-nature of Śiva, as well as the temple of Lord Śiva. Śivagrha is a temple complex worshiping the Tri Murti, namely Brahma, Visnu, and Śiva, as the Creator, Sustainer, and Demolisher. From the structure of the building and the text search, this temple has a Śivaistic concept, namely Śiva is worshiped as the highest Devata. However, it also attracted other devotees and united them with the construction of other deities worshiped in the various temples in this complex. Thus Prambanan became a center of worship, a center for study, a center for Brahmin activities, and a spiritual center or a yatra destination for the wider community.
Corpse exposure and cosmological ecology: Ritual, space, and death in an indigenous mortuary landscape Jero, Ni Wayan Jemiwi; Lochan, Amarjiva; Surpi, Ni Kadek; Seriadi, Si Luh Nyoman
Life and Death: Journal of Eschatology Vol. 3 No. 1: (July) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/lad.v3i1.2025.1952

Abstract

Background: This study explores the distinctive mepasah burial practice observed by the indigenous Trunyan community in Bali, Indonesia, in which deceased bodies are neither buried nor cremated, but instead placed openly on the ground beneath the sacred Taru Menyan tree. In contrast to the widely practiced ngaben cremation ritual of Balinese Hinduism, mepasah reflects a theo-eco-cosmological worldview in which death is regarded as a sacred process of returning the human body to the cosmic order. Methods: Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, the study draws upon participant observation, in-depth interviews with customary leaders, and analysis of customary law texts (awig-awig). Finding: Findings indicate that mepasah serves not only as a spiritual-ecological expression but also as a subtle form of resistance against the commodification and homogenization of death rituals. The sacred landscape of Sema Wayah, where corpses naturally decompose beneath the Taru Menyan tree, is interpreted as a living deathscape that preserves ancestral harmony and embodies a localized ecological ethic. Conclusion: Utilizing the theoretical frameworks of ecological spirituality and dark green religion, this study reveals mepasah as a form of sustainable mortuary practice rooted in indigenous ecological wisdom and cultural cosmology. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this article lies in its application of a theo-eco-cosmological lens to the analysis of indigenous death rites. It offers a significant contribution to the fields of postmortem body anthropology, spiritual ecology, and relational ontology, while presenting mepasah as a living heritage that bridges ancestral spirituality with ecological reverence for death.