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All Journal Jurnal Anestesi Obstetri Indonesia Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia

Sri Rahardjo

Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta

Author-ID : 4007598

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Gangguan Natrium pada Pasien Bedah Saraf Buyung Hartiyo Laksono; Bambang J. Oetoro; Sri Rahardjo; Siti Chasnak Saleh
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Gangguan pada susunan saraf pusat (SSP) akan mengakibatkan gangguan pada fungsi axis hipotalamus hipofise, yang akan menyebabkan gangguan pada keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Selain karena lesi neurologis primer yang terjadi pada SSP, penyebab kelainan elektrolit ini juga disebabkan oleh tindakan pembedahan atau iatrogenik, tindakan perawatan pascabedah di intensive care unit (ICU) akibat dari tindakan medis, misalnya obat-obatan dan pemberian cairan intravena, pemberian diuretik, pemberian steroid dan mannitol. Gangguan elektrolit paling banyak terjadi pada natrium. Dua kondisi dengan klinis hiponatremi adalah SIADH dan CSWS, yang penataksanaan keduanya sangat berbeda. Hampir 62% pasien bedah saraf dengan hiponatremia (kadar natrium 135 mmol/L) disebabkan oleh SIADH, sedangkan sisanya 16,6% karena penggunaan obat-obatan dan 4,8% karena CSWS. Gangguan natrium dengan gambaran klinis hipernatremi adalah diabetes insipidus (DI). DI terjadi sekitar 3,8 % pada pasien bedah saraf. Kondisi keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit pada pasien dengan kelainan SSP yang dilakukan tindakan anestesi dan operasi merupakan tantangan khusus bagi dokter anestesi dan intensivist. Pasien pasien bedah saraf biasanya mendapatkan terapi diuretik sebagai salah satu manajemen edema otak dan untuk mengurangi tekanan intrakranial. Di sisi lain efek diuresis dari lesi pada otak dan penggunaan teknik hipotermi juga akan menambah kondisi diuresis pada pasien bedah saraf. Efek diuresis yang berlebihan menyebabkan kehilangan natrium. Sodium Disturbance in Neurosurgical PatientDisturbance of the central nerve system (CNS) will lead to interference with the function of the hypothalamus pituitary axis and will cause disruption of fluids and electrolytes balance as well. In addition to its primary neurological lesions occurring in the CNS, the cause of electrolyte abnormalities are also due to surgical procedure or iatrogenic, postoperative medical treatment in ICU such as administration of drugs and intravenous fluids, diuretics, steroids and mannitol. The most frequent electrolyte disorder is sodium. Two clinical conditions related to hyponatremia are SIADH and CSWS which the management can be totally different, respectively. Nearly 62% of neurosurgical patients with hyponatremia (sodium levels 135 mmol / L) is caused by SIADH, while the remaining 16.6% patient is due to the use of drugs and 4.8% patient is due to CSWS. Sodium disorder clinically referred to as hypernatremia is diabetes insipidus (DI). DI occurs around 3.8% in neurosurgical patients. The condition of fluid and electrolyte balance in patients with CNS disorders undergoing anesthesia and surgery is a particular challenge for anesthesiologists and intensivists. The patients usually receive diuretic therapy to manage brain edema and to reduce intracranial pressure. On the other hand, diuresis effects due to brain lesions and the use of hypothermia technique will also increase diuresis condition in neurosurgical patients. Excessive diuresis effect will cause loss of sodium.

Manajemen Anestesia pada Carotid Endarterectomy: Pasien dengan Kinking Arteri Karotis Interna Riyadh Firdaus; Iwan Fuadi; Sri Rahardjo; A Himendra Wargahadibrata
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Prosedur Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) adalah prosedur penting untuk pencegahan stroke karena sumbatan arteri karotis. Seorang laki-laki 71 tahun akan dilakukan operasi CEA. Pasien mengeluh pusing berputar, riwayat hipertensi diakui sejak 10 tahun dengan tekanan darah tertinggi 170/100 mmHg, riwayat stroke diakui 1 tahun yang lalu dan 1,5 bulan lalu. Gejala sisa stroke saat ini kelemahan extremitas sebelah kiri. Pasien terdapat riwayat sakit jantung, irama tidak teratur, tidak disertai sesak nafas 1 tahun yang lalu dan saat itu diberikan amiodaron tablet. Operasi dilakukan dengan anestesi umum, menggunakan pipa endotrakeal no.8.0, ventilasi kendali. Obat yang dipergunakan adalah midazolam 1 mg iv, fentanyl 150 mcg iv, propofol 70 mg iv, rocuronium 40 mg iv. Rumatan dilanjutkan dengan sevofluran, fraksi oksigen 45% dan propofol bolus jika diperlukan. Monitoring tanda vital (tekanan darah, nadi, SaO2, elektrokardiografi) dan artery line. CEA dilakukan selama 3,5 jam, tidak ditemukan stenosis tetapi terdapat kinking. Selama operasi hemodinamik relatif stabil. Pascaoperasi pasien di rawat di ruang perawatan intensif. Berbagai pendekatan bedah telah dikemukakan untuk kinking arteri karotis interna. Pilihan pendekatan dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan pasien, penilaian praoperasi optimasi, dan manajemen perioperatif perawatan untuk pasien yang akan menjalani CEA. Anesthetic Management for Carotid Endarterectomy:Patient with Internal Carotid Artery KinkingCarotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an important procedure for stroke prevention due to obstruction of carotid artery. A 71 years old male was scheduled for CEA surgery. The patient complained of spinning headache. He had been suffered from hypertension since 10 years ago with highest blood pressure of 170/100 mmHg, and had a two times stroke 1 year and 1.5 months ago. Sequelae symptom of stroke is weakness on the left extremity. Patient also had a history of heart disease, irregular rhythm, without shortness of breath approximatelly1year ago, treated with amiodarone tablets. The CEA operation was performed under general anesthesia using endotrachenal tube 8.0, controlled ventilation, 1 mg midazolam, 150 mcg fentanyl, 70 mg propofol and 40 mg rocuronium, given intravenously. Maintenance of anesthesia was done using sevoflurane, oxygen fraction of 45% and propofol 10 mg given intermittently as needed. Noninvasive vital signs monitoring and invasive arterial blood pressure were recorded. Hemodynamics were stable during the 3.5 hours operation. We found no plaque but a kinking on the carotid artery. Postoperatively, patients was admitted to the intensive care unit. Various surgical approaches have been done and developed to manage the internal carotid artery kinking. Options approach is influenced by patient selection, preoperative assessment and optimization, and perioperative management and care for patients undergoing CEA

Co-Authors A Himendra Wargahadibrata Adi Hidayat Agus Baratha Suyasa Arief Hariyadi Santoso Bambang J. Oetoro Bambang Suryono Bau Indah Aulyan Syah Dadik Wahyu Wijaya Fahmi Agnesha Fitriati, Mariza Iwan Fuadi Iwan Nuryawan Laksono, Buyung Hartiyo Ratih Kumala Fajar Apsari Riyadh Firdaus Rizqi Adhelia Ruddi Hartono Siti Chasnak Saleh Yusmein Uyun

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