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Afifah Yasyfa Dhiyanti
Universitas Brawijaya

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Analisis Kesesuaian Kandungan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro Rencana Menu dengan Standar Diet untuk Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Afifah Yasyfa Dhiyanti; Laksmi Karunia Tanuwijaya; Eva Putri Arfiani
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): AMERTA NUTRITION
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (494.166 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v4i1.2020.1-7

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus diet regulation aims to achieve and maintain controlled blood glucose levels. The strict monitoring of patient's intake is intended to prevent complications due to hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Objectives: To determine the conformity of energy and macronutrients between ABC menu planned and 1700 kcal diet standard. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study with descriptive approach. Research variables were energy and macronutrients of diet manuals and menu planned for Diabetes Mellitus inpatients. The conformity was known by identifying energy and macronutrients in the ABC menu cycle and standard recipes using Nutrisurvey Software and guidelines for estimates oil absorption, then compared with the energy and macronutrients on the 1700 kcal diet standard. Results: Standard 1700 kcal diet consisted of 1700 kcal energy, 63.8 grams protein, 47.2 grams fat, and 255 grams carbohydrate. The average menu A provided 1743.5±147 kcal of energy, menu B 1710.4±137.8 kcal, and menu C 1744.6±143.5 kcal. The average menu A provided 68.2±4 grams of protein, menu B 69.3±4.2 grams, and menu C 70±4.6 grams. The average menu A contained 71.2±10.5 grams of fat, menu B 68.4±10.3 grams, and menu C 67.7±11.1 grams. The average menu A consisted 212.3±14 grams carbohydrate, menu B 210.5±14 grams, and menu C 214.6±13.8 grams. Conclusions: Compared to 1700 kcal standard diet, the discrepancies of energy are at 0.6-22%, protein 0.2-27%, fat 20-104%, and carbohydrates 7-25%. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pengaturan diet pada pasien rawat inap dengan Diabetes Mellitus bertujuan untuk mencapai dan mempertahankan kadar glukosa darah normal. Ketatnya pemantauan asupan makan pasien ditujukan untuk mencegah komplikasi akibat kondisi hipoglikemia dan hiperglikemia.Tujuan: Mengetahui kesesuaian kandungan energi dan zat gizi makro rencana menu ABC dengan standar diet 1700 kkal.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Variabel penelitian adalah kandungan energi dan zat gizi makro standar diet dan rencana menu untuk pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Ada tidaknya kesesuaian diketahui dengan cara mengidentifikasi kandungan energi dan zat gizi makro pada siklus menu ABC dan standar resep menggunakan Nutrisurvey, DKBM, dan pedoman perkiraan penyerapan minyak, kemudian dibandingkan dengan kandungan energi dan zat gizi makro pada standar diet 1700 kkal.Hasil: Standar diet 1700 kkal meliputi 1700 kkal energi, 63,8 gram protein, 47,2 gram lemak, dan 255 gram karbohidrat. Rerata energi menu A 1743,5 ± 147 kkal, menu B 1710,4 ± 137,8 kkal, dan menu C 1744,6 ± 143,5 kkal. Rerata protein menu A 68,2 ± 4 gram, menu B 69,3 ± 4,2 gram, dan menu C 70 ± 4,6 gram. Rerata lemak menu A 71,2 ± 10,5 gram, menu B 68,4 ±10,3 gram, dan menu C 67,7 ± 11,1 gram. Rerata karbohidrat menu A 212,3 ± 14 gram, menu B 210,5 ± 14 gram, dan menu C 214,6 ± 13,8 gram.Kesimpulan: Terdapat ketidaksesuaian kandungan energi 0,6-22%, protein 0,2-27%, lemak 20-104%, dan karbohidrat 7-25% pada rencana menu ABC dengan standar diet 1700 kkal.
The Benefits of Carbohydrate Counting in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus : A Scoping Review Izzati Nur Khoiriani; Afifah Yasyfa Dhiyanti; Rizal Fakih Firmansyah; Dian Handayani
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 5 No. 4 (2021): AMERTA NUTRITION
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v5i4.2021.395-407

Abstract

ABSTRACT Backgrounds: Carbohydrate intake is a major determinant of blood glucose stability in patients with type 1 diabetes. Carbohydrate counting as a meal planning approach for patients with type 1 diabetes is known to have flexibility in controlling blood glucose by regulating the amount of carbohydrate intake and insulin dose, yet a good understanding about carbohydrate counting practices is still needed in order to achieve blood glucose control targeted blood glucose control.Objectives: this article aims to review the result of previous studies relating to effect, impact and benefits in metabolic control, anthropometry, also impact and practices of education relating to carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes.Discussion: Carbohydrate counting has an impact on HbA1c, body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes-related quality of life and type 1 diabetes therapy satisfaction. Effects of carbohydrate counting depends on age, diet management, ability to calculate ideal insulin requirements, provided education, patient readiness to apply carbohydrate counting, family support, and additional interventions provided to support improved metabolic control. The use of Automated Bolus Calculator (ABC) with carbohydrate counting and FIIT simultaneously was thought to be able to support the effectiveness of type 1 diabetes mellitus therapy.Conclusions: Carbohydrate counting can improve metabolic control in children, adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes. It is necessary to emphasize continuous education by registered dietitian using media in estimating the portion of food and insulin doses, also involving parents to improve the accuracy of carbohydrate counting in children and adolescents.The combination of Automated Bolus Calculator (ABC) and Flexible Intensive Insulin Therapy (FIIT) is known to increase carbohydrate counting effectiveness in type 1 DM therapy.