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PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA INDIVIDU DALAM HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL Danel Aditia Situngkir
Kajian Hukum Vol 4, No 1 (2019): Mei
Publisher : Universitas Janabadra

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ABSTRACT The debate about the whereabouts of individuals as the subject of international law over time seems to get an answer. This is because after the first and second world wars, the international community's attention to human rights is increasing. The desire to bring the responsible perpetrators to account before the criminal court. Efforts to eliminate immunity against perpetrators for crimes committed encourage the establishment of international criminal tribunals ranging from the ad hoc nature to the permanent criminal court. Encouraging individuals as the rights and obligations in international criminal law is getting stronger. Be interesting because the individuals who are held accountable are citizens who actually have the sovereignty to enforce the law to their citizens. This paper will discuss the existence of individuals as subjects of international law and the effort to hold individuals accountable through international court mechanisms. The research method used is normative juridical. Based on legal theory, legal principles, sources of international law and international treaties. From the discussion it is concluded that the existence of individuals in international law can be seen from the granting of rights and obligations in international treaties. The Adhoc and Permanent International Criminal Court is established to demand the accountability of serious crimes against humanity.Keywords : Criminal Responsibility, Individual, International Criminal Law

PENGARUH HUKUM ALAM DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PENGADILAN PIDANA INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP KEJAHATAN SERIUS ATAS HAK ASASI MANUSIA Danel Aditia Situngkir
Ensiklopedia Sosial Review Vol 4, No 2 (2022): Volume 4 No 2 Juni 2022
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/esr.v4i2.1220

Natural law in principle rests on social justice in law. The concept of social justice is the principle that courts (judges) cannot reject cases. Natural law is not a finished legal system. Natural law provides a direction of view in the formation of regulations. After World War II, which caused enormous casualties, both countries and international organizations worked together to pay attention to human rights. The influence of Natural Law in the establishment of an ad hoc international tribunal to try crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, laws or customs of war, genocide which is included in the classification of international crimes which are ius cogens because the doctrine of natural law focuses on human consciousness and rational thinking. (human reason) that these crimes are evil and what has been done can be accepted as a crime by anyone, anywhere and anytime. The teachings of Natural Law are in opposition to teachings with immunity for someone who carries out orders based on domestic law that applies in his country. The establishment of the International Criminal Court is an answer to the natural law view of past events where to try the perpetrators of serious crimes against human rights an ad hoc international criminal court was formed which violated the provisions that had been considered rigid as law by positivists. The view of natural law finally gives the view that international crimes are part of the jus cogens codified into positive law in the Rome Statute. The method used is a normative juridical approach by looking at the history of the establishment of an ad-hoc international criminal court and the International Criminal Court which is then used as a reference to analyze how the influence of natural law teachings in the formation of these courts is in the context of law enforcement for crimes against human rights. The researcher will base his research on the teachings of natural law, the principles of international law that underlie the formation of international statutes or agreements in the establishment of the Adhoc International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Court.Keywords: Natural Law, International Criminal Court, Human Rights

PERLINDUNGAN HAK ULAYAT MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA Danel Aditian Situngkir
Ensiklopedia Education Review Vol 4, No 3 (2022): Volume 4 No 3 Desember 2022
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eer.v4i3.1580

According to Bagir Manan, the provisions of article 33 paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution are constitutional rights of the state's right to control over the land, water and natural resources contained therein. The right to control the State based on the constitution is used for the greatest prosperity of the people. The two rules cannot be separated from one another, both are a systematic unit. Legal protection for indigenous peoples is regulated in Law Number 18 of 2004 concerning Plantations (Plantation Law). Article 9 paragraph (2) of the Agriculture Law confirms that if the application for the right to a plantation business is on ulayat land which in reality still exists, the applicant for the right is obliged to hold deliberations with the indigenous people concerned to obtain an agreement regarding the surrender of the land and compensation (compensation). In the mining sector, there is a need for government oversight, in supervising the management of mines in their territory, including the role of the local government so that mining operations comply with predetermined provisions and ensure the safety of the surrounding community, including indigenous peoples. In the provisions of Article 139 paragraph (1) of the Mining Law that the Minister provides guidance on the implementation of mining business management carried out by the provincial government and regency/city government in accordance with their authority.Keywords: Protection, Community Rights, Customs, HR Management, West Sumatra.

MENGENAL TEORI DEMOKRASI DAN TEORI KEWENANGAN DALAM ILMU HUKUM Danel Aditia Situngkir
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2023): Vol. 5 No. 4 Edisi 1 Juli 2023
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v5i4.1745

Democracy is a form or mechanism of a country's government system as an effort to realize people's sovereignty (the power of citizens) over the country to be run by the government of that country. While authority comes from the basic word authority which is interpreted as a matter of authority, rights and powers possessed to do something. Authority is what is called formal power, power that comes from legislative power or from executive-administrative power. Authority which usually consists of several authorities is power over a certain group of people or power over a field of government. Democracy and Authority must be based on existing legal provisions (constitution), so that this authority is a legitimate authority. Thus officials (organs) in issuing decisions are supported by this source of authority. Stroink explained that sources of authority can be obtained for government officials or organs (institutions) by way of attribution, delegation and mandates. The authority of government organs (institutions) is an authority strengthened by positive law to regulate and maintain it. Without authority, a correct juridical decision cannot be issued and in accordance with democratic principles. Regarding the nature of governmental authority, namely that it is bound, optional, and free, especially in relation to the authority to make and issue decisions (besluiten) and decrees (beschikkingan) by government organs, so that decisions are known to be bound and free.

THE PURE THEORY OF LAW: HANS KELSEN Situngkir, Danel Aditia
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 6, No 3 (2024): Vol. 6 No. 3 Edisi 3 April 2024
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v6i3.2583

The law of positivism for Hans Kelsen is that it must be cleared of non-juridical elements, such as sociological, political, historical and even ethical elements. This thinking is known as pure legal theory. For him, law is a necessity that regulates human behavior as rational creatures. In Indonesia, law has a very broad scope, not limited to textual provisions in the form of statutory regulations. The functioning of law in society does not only require laws but requires other things such as community culture, law enforcement officers and facilities and infrastructure. From this we can see that positivism tries to confine the law to only textual matters.Keywords: The Pure Theory of Law, Hans Kelsen

PENERAPAN YURISDIKSI MAHKAMAH PIDANA INTERNASIONAL DALAM UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP HAK ASASI MANUSIA PADA KONFLIK BERSENJATA NASIONAL Situngkir, Danel Aditia
Ensiklopedia Sosial Review Vol 7, No 1 (2025): Volume 7 No 1 Februari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/esr.v7i1.2405

Abstract: This research raises the title regarding the Application of the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in Efforts to Protect Human Rights in National Armed Conflicts. Implementation means the process or way of making. Jurisdiction can generally be interpreted as legal authority over certain people, bodies or events within a certain territorial scope. The International Criminal Court is the First Permanent International Criminal Court established under the Rome Statute. Protection efforts are defined as actions and so on to provide protection). Human rights are the most basic rights that humans have as creatures created by God. Conceptually, in this research, what will be discussed is the process or method of applying the authority of the International Criminal Court to people in certain incidents as an effort to protect human rights.Keywords: Application, Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, Human Rights.

EFEKTIVITAS UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK DALAM MENANGGULANGI KEJAHATAN SIBER DI INDONESIA Situngkir, Danel Aditia
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 4 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 4 Edisi 2 Juli 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i4.3308

Abstract: The Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) is indeed an essential legal instrument needed to address cybercrime. However, to maximize its effectiveness, corrective measures are required, including legal revisions, strengthening of human resources, updating legal infrastructure, and long-term educational strategies involving all elements of society. In the future, the UU ITE is expected to function not merely as a punitive tool, but also as a catalyst for realizing a democratic, just, and human rights-respecting digital governance system. The ideal model of UU ITE effectiveness in combating cybercrime is not solely about legal enforcement, but more profoundly about balancing legal certainty, justice, human rights protection, and technological advancement. The state must be present not to intimidate digital citizens, but to protect them from real threats in cyberspace. Within the broader framework of national development, the existence of an ideal cyber legal model becomes a crucial foundation for achieving a sovereign, fair, and humane digital Indonesia.Keywords: UU ITE, Cybercrime, Indonesia.

Yurisdiksi Universal Dan Keutamaan Negara Locus Delicti Untuk Mengadili Pelaku Kejahatan Internasional Situngkir, Danel Aditia
Journal of Global Legal Review Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Global Legal Review
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59963/jglegar.v1i1.186

Yurisdiksi Universal dilatar belakangi kekhwatiran masyarakat internasional terhadap dampak kejahatan yang dianggap paling serius bagi kehidupan masyarakat internasional. Demi menghindari impunitas para pelaku kejahatan tersebut, maka semua negara diminta untuk mengadili atau bekerjasama untuk membawa pelaku kehadapan pengadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dasar pemberlakuan yurisdiksi universal dalam mengadili pelaku kejahatan internasional dan Keutamaan Negara Locus Delicti untuk mengadili Pelaku Kejahatan Internasional. Dari Penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa penerapan yurisdiksi universal didasari oleh Kebiasaan Internasional dan Perjanjian Internasional. Setidaknya 3(tiga) perjanjian internasional yakni UNCLOS, Konvensi SUA dan Statuta Roma secara eksplisit mencantumkan kewajiban negara dengan segala upaya untuk mengadili atau bekerjasama dengan negara lain untuk mengadili pelaku kejahatan internasional. Kendati dari penelitian ini juga ditemukan khususnya dalam Statuta Roma, sesungguhnya keutamaan diberikan kepada Negara Locus Delicti untuk mengadili pelaku kejahatan internasional.

Eksistensi Kedaulatan Negara dalam Penerapan Yurisdiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional Situngkir, Danel Aditia
Lex Librum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2018: Volume 4 Nomor 2 Juni 2018
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46839/lljih.v4i2.105

Negara merupakan subjek paling penting dalam hukum internasional. Kedaulatan merupakan aspek terpenting dari negara. Secara sederhana kedaulatan diartikan sebagai kemampuan untuk menerapkan hukum nasional dalam wilayah teritorialnya. Namun dalam perkembangannya kedaulatan negara mengalami perubahan. Salah satu alasan perubahan terhadap kedaulatan negara adalah perhatian terhadap masalah hak asasi manusia dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Sejarah kelam perang dunia pertama dan perang dunia kedua membawa konsep bahwa kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan harus dihukum dan tidak dapat dibiarkan. Maka dari itu didirikanlah Mahkamah Pidana Internasional berdasarkan Statuta Roma yang memiliki kewenangan terhadap kejahatan luar biasa seperti genosida, kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, kejahatan perang dan kejahatan agresi. Pendirian Mahkamah Pidana Internasional merupakan bagian terpenting dalam perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Disisi lain perlindungan terhadap kedaulatan negara juga merupakan aspek terpenting dalam hubungan internasional. Maka dari itu Negara disarankan untuk menyelesaikan masalah domestik dan internasional secara damai dan melengkapi undang-undang nasional yang mengatur dengan peraturan kejahatan yang paling serius. Kata Kunci : Kedaulatan Negara, Hak Asasi Manusia, Mahkamah Pidana Internasional Abstract: State is one of the most important legal subject of international law. The most important element of a country is sovereignty. Sovereignty can be defined as the ability to apply the national law throughout the territory of the country. But the paradigm of this country’s sovereignty has changed over the development. One of the reason is the attention to human rights issues in recent decades. The dark history of the first and second world war deliver the ideas that crimes against humanity outstanding will be punished and should not be ignored. To overcome this problem International Criminal Court was established by the Rome Statute that has the authority to extraordinary crime that is the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crime of aggression. The establishment of The International Criminal Court is an important part of the protection of human rights. However, the protection of the sovereignty of the State is also an important aspect of the international relations. Thus thestate is advised to solve the domestic and international issues peacefully and complement national laws governing with regulation the most serious crimes. Daftar Pustaka Buku-Buku Adolf, Huala. 2011.Aspek-Aspek negara dalam Hukum Internasional. Bandung: Kini Media Bhakti Ardhiwisastra, Yudha. 1999. Imunitas Kedaulatan Negara di Forum Pengadilan Negeri Asing. Bandung: Alumni ---------. 2003. Hukum Internasional. Bandung: PT. Alumni Campbell Black, Henry, M.A. 1968.Black's Law Dictionary, Definitions of the Terms and Phrases of American and English Jurisprudence, Ancient and Modern, St. Paul, Minn. West Publishing Co, Revised Fourth Edition Gede Atmadja,Dewa. 2012. Ilmu Negara Sejarah Konsep Kenegaraan. Malang: Setara Pers Istanto, Sugeng. 2010.Hukum Internasional. Yogyakarta: Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar dan Etty R. Agoes. 2003. Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Bandung: PT. Alumni Mahmud Marzuki, Peter. 2005. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup N. Shaw, Malcolm QC. 2003. International Law, Fifth Edition, Cambridge-England: Cambridge University Press Parthiana, I Wayan. 2006. Hukum Pidana Internasional. Bandung: CV. Yrama Widya, Cetakan I Satria Buana, Mirza. 2007.Hukum Internasional Teori dan Praktek. Badung: Nusamedia Sefriani. 2010. Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada Sunggono, Bambang Sunggono. 2003. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta : PT RajaGrafindo Thontowi, Jawahir. 2006. Hukum International Kontemporer. Bandung:PT. Refika Aditama Sumber lain Allof, Phillip.New Order For a New World , Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 Bassiouni, Cherrif. International Crimes Jus Cogens and Obligatio Erga Omnes, Law and Contempory Problems, Vol.59 No.4, 1997 Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. Third Parties and the Law of Treaties, Max Planck Yearbook, Volume 6, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2002 Konvensi Montividio 1933 Riyanto, Sigit. Re-interpretasi kedaulatan Negara dalam hukum Internasional, disampaikan dalam pidato Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Universitas Gajah Mada diakses melalui http://repositoryugm2.azureedge.net Situation and Case, http://www.icc-cpi.int Statuta Roma 1998 tentang Pendirian Mahkamah Pidana Internasional The Charter and Judgment of the Nürnberg Tribunal-History and Analysis:Memorandum submitted by the Secretary-General, 1949,United Nations-General Assembly International Law Commission Lake Success, New York,http://www.cininas.lt/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/1949_UN_ILC_N_statuto_koment.pdf

PERLINDUNGAN HAK MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM BIDANG PERTAMBANGAN DI SUMATERA BARAT Situngkir, Danel Aditia
Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review Vol 5, No 2 (2026): Vol. 5 No. 2 Februari 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/err.v5i2.3799

Abstract: Mining Business Permit (IUP) does not include land rights, so anyone who will carry out mining in a mining area must first ensure the legal status of the land used. After knowing the legal status of the land, then can proceed with negotiations or agreements on matters that need to be agreed upon by the parties who promised that give rise to rights and obligations. Other things that serve as the basis are the decisions of the constitutional court and Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government in the context of licensing. The provincial government has now taken over the authority of the district/city government to issue mining permits based on Law Number 23 of 2014 which is actually still semi-centralized and territorially in the context of mining is still in the district, while the provincial government is a representative of the central government. The policy of managing mining resources from the perspective of indigenous legal communities that is ecologically just lies in the concept of indigenous legal community wisdom in managing natural resources, in this case mining which is the right of control of the state. There is a reciprocal relationship between humans and nature, where customary law communities always place the balance of nature in environmental management, so that ecological justice can be felt by all elements of nature, apart from humans.Keywords: Protection, Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Natural Resources

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