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All Journal Journal of Tropical Soils Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Sumatrana JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed
Maman Turjaman
Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16610
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

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FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BUSINESS IN AGARWOOD INOCULATION AT DIFFERENT STEM DIAMETERS AND INOCULATION PERIODS Suharti, Sri; Pratiwi, Pratiwi; Santosa, Erdy; Turjaman, Maman
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 2 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Indonesia signifies as the biggest agarwood producer country in the world. Its demand and price tend to increase and have brought about over exploitation of agarwood. Consequently, its population in nature has decreased significantly. To overcome the situation, since 1995, agarwood has been included in the CITES Appendix II. However, illegal exploitation remains persistent and reaches an excessive level. In order to deal with it, agarwood cultivation and its artificial production have been undertaken at several provinces in Indonesia. Some supporting factors for agarwood cultivation and artificial production are the availability of potential land for extensive cultivation, appropriate agro climate condition, simple cultivation technique and already being well adopted by farmers, the availability of necessary pathogen for agarwood inoculation, and the increasing demand with relatively high price. The research aims to analyze the feasibility study of agarwood inoculation business at several stem diameters (15 - 25 cm; 26 -35 cm and 36 - 40 cm) and periods of inoculation (1 - 5 years). Data were collected through field observation and literature study. The results showed that inoculation on agarwood producer tree stands at 12.5% interest rate afforded positive net present value (NPV),  internal rate of return (IRR) is much higher than market interest and benefit cost (B/C) ratio >2 for those three diameter classes. Furthermore, if agarwood harvesting is delayed until five years after inoculation, NPV,  IRR and B/C ratio would be much higher. It can be concluded that inoculation on agarwood producer tree stands (at appropriate age for inoculation) is feasible to be developed.
MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INCREASED EARLY GROWTH OF TROPICAL TREE SEEDLINGS IN ADVERSE SOIL Turjaman, Maman; Santoso, Erdy; Sitepu, Irnayuli R.; Tawaraya, Keitaro; Purnomo, Erry; Tambunan, Ronny; Osaki, Mitsuru
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 6, No 1 (2009): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

The rate of reforestation  has increased throughout the countries in Southeast Asia region during the last 20 years.  At the same time, inconvenient situations such as forest destruction, forest exploitation, illegal logging, clear-cut forest areas, old agricultural lands, post-wildfire areas, conversion  of natural  forests into  plantations, resettlement areas, mine  lands,  and amended adverse soils have also been increasing  significantly. Mycorrhizas, hovewer,  play important role  to increase  plant  growth,  enrich  nutrient content  and enhance  survival rates of forest tree species in temperate  and sub-tropical  regions.  Unfortunately, a little information so far is available  regarding  the effect of mycorrhizas on growth  of tree species growing  in tropical  forests. In relevant,  several experiments  were carried  out to determine whether  ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and arbuscular  mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance mycorrhizal colonization, nutrient content, and plant growth of some tropical rain forest tree species in Indonesia under nursery  and field conditions.   The families of tropical  tree species used in the experiment were  Thymelaeaceae (Aquilaria crassna), Leguminosae  (Sesbania grandifolia), Guttiferae (Ploiarium alternifolium and Calophyllum hosei), Apocynaceae (Dyera polyphylla and Alstonia scholaris), and Dipterocarpaceae (Shorea belangeran). These families are important as they provide timber  and non-timber  forest products (NTFPs).   This paper discusses the role of mycorrhizal fungi in increasing  early  growth  of tropical  tree seedlings in adverse soil.
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INCREASED PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF MILKWOOD TROPICAL TREE SPECIES Alstonia scholaris UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS Turjaman, Maman; Santoso, Erdy; Tawaraya, Keitaro
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 4, No 2 (2007): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the early growth of Alstonia scholaris (milkwood) seedlings.   The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus clarum Nicholson & Schenk, Gigaspora decipiens Hall & Abbott, Glomus sp. ACA Tulasne & Tulasne, Entrophospora sp. Ames & Scheneider,    and Glomus sp. ZEA Tulasne & Tulasne, and uninoculated (control) under greenhouse conditions. Percentage of AM colonization, plant growth, survival rate, mycorrhizal dependency (MD), shoot nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca),  and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were measured after 150 days. Survival rates were higher in the AM-colonized seedlings at 150 days after transplantation than those in the control seedlings. Mycorrhizal Dependency (MD) values were 80, 78, 79, 78 and 78% in A. scholaris inoculated with G. clarum, G. decipiens, Glomus sp. ACA, Entrophospora sp., and Glomus sp. ZEA, respectively. Shoot N, P, K, Ca and Mg content of the seedlings were increased by AM fungi as much as 82-86, 81-86, 81-86, 88-91 and 85-90%, respectively. The percentage of AM colonization of A. scholaris ranged from 64 to 91 %. Colonization by five AM fungi increased plant height, diameter, total fresh weight, total dry weight and total length root. Glomus clarum was more effective in improving nutrient content and plant growth of A. scholaris than G. decipiens, Entrophospora  sp., Glomus sp. ZEA and Glomus sp. ACA.   Total root length of A. scholaris ranged from 1,180 to 1,310 cm. The results suggest that AM fungi can accelerate the establishment of the seedling stocks of A. scholaris. This finding would contribute to the effort of establishing A. scholaris plantation.
STUDIES ON FUNCTIONAL BACTERIA OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL FOREST PLANTS FOR BIOREHABILITATION OF DEGRADED LANDS Sitepu, Irnayuli R.; Hashidoko, Yasuyuki; Aryanto, Aryanto; Turjaman, Maman; Tahara, Satoshi; Miftahuliyah, Siti S.; Santoso, Erdy
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 5, No 1 (2008): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

Forest  degradations  have left vast amount  of damaged  and abandoned  lands in Indonesia.   In this paper, we present our approaches  in rehabilitation of adverse soils using functional  bacteria isolated from plant species of Indonesian tropical  rain forests. For these purposes,  we collected  bacteria  from various  bio-geo-climatically different forests and conducted bioassays to test these bacterial abilities in improving plant growth. Repeated seedling-based studies on Shorea spp., Alstonia scholaris, Acacia crassicarpa, and Agathis lorantifolia have revealed that many bacteria were able to promote plant growth at early stage in the nursery.  Various  plant responses towards  inoculations suggested that although  forest soils maintain  highly diverse and potent  bacteria,  it is necessary to select appropriate approaches to obtain optimum  benefits from these plant-bacteria interactions.  Our  ideas and futures  studies  for further  management  of these plant- bacteria interactions for biorehabilitation are also discussed.
ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF WOOD EXTRACT OF Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte AGAINST AGARWOOD-INDUCING FUNGI, Fusarium solani Novriyanti, Eka; Santosa, Erdy; Syafii, Wasrin; Turjaman, Maman; Sitepu, Irnayuli R.
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 7, No 2 (2010): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

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Abstract

This paper provided information regarding artificial agar wood production. Fungi are considered as biological agent for agarwood formation and agarwood is assumed as tree defense mechanism product. This research was aimed at investigating the anti fungal activity (AFA) of Aquilaria crassna, one of the agar wood-producing trees, against Fusarium solani in vitro. Aquilaria crassna wood mill was extracted by 70% ethanol to investigate the anti fungal activity. The result are Aquilariacrassnaexhibited low extractives content, which was only 2.0% (w/w) and a low anti fungal activity in vitro, especially for ethanol extract. However, further fractionation and bioassay showed that the most active component was likely in the ethyl-acetate soluble fraction that exhibited strong anti fungal activity (52.5%) at 4.0% of concentration.
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS KULIT KAYU MANGIUM UNTUK MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DAN BIBIT Acacia mangium Willd. Suprapti, Sihati; Santoso, Erdy; Djarwanto, Djarwanto; Turjaman, Maman
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 30, No 2 (2012):
Publisher : Pusat Litbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan

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Abstract

Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit kayu mangium yang disterilkan dan tidak disterilkan ditambah aktivator kemudian dikomposkan selama 30 hari. Kompos kulit kayu mangium tersebut digunakan sebagai media tanam cendawan mikoriza dan bibit Acacia mangium. Tingkat degradasi kompos dievaluasi berdasarkan perubahan kandungan karbon organik, nitrogen total, kadar hara, dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aktivator pada proses pengomposan kulit kayu mangium menurunkan nisbah C/N masing-masing menjadi 21,90 (disterilkan) dan 25,30 (tidak disterilkan). Penambahan aktivator tersebut dapat meningkatkan unsur hara N 0,82-1,09%, P 0,22-0,36%, dan K 0,36-1,12%, dan meningkatkan nilai KTK 31,3-32,7 me/100 g. Kolonisasi mikoriza pada media tanam kompos kulit kayu mangium, menunjukkan bahwa kompos tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai media tumbuh sekaligus media pembawa cendawan mikoriza. Persentase koloni yang tinggi (45%) dijumpai pada media kulit kayu mangium yang disterilkan, ditambah aktivator yang diinokulasi Glomus sp. Pertumbuhan bibit A. mangium pada media kulit kayu mangium yang disterilkan dan ditambah aktivator cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang ditanam pada media yang tidak disterilkan. Pertumbuhan bibit tertinggi dijumpai pada media tanam yang diinokulasi Gigaspora sp., sedangkan pertumbuhan diameter batang paling besar terjadi pada media yang diinokulasi Glomus sp.
ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF WOOD EXTRACT OF Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte AGAINST AGARWOOD-INDUCING FUNGI, Fusarium solani Novriyanti, Eka; Santosa, Erdy; Syafii, Wasrin; Turjaman, Maman; Sitepu, Irnayuli R.
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 7, No 2 (2010): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2010.7.2.155-165

Abstract

This paper provided information regarding artificial agar wood production. Fungi are considered as biological agent for agarwood formation and agarwood is assumed as tree defense mechanism product. This research was aimed at investigating the anti fungal activity (AFA) of Aquilaria crassna, one of the agar wood-producing trees, against Fusarium solani in vitro. Aquilaria crassna wood mill was extracted by 70% ethanol to investigate the anti fungal activity. The result are Aquilariacrassnaexhibited low extractives content, which was only 2.0% (w/w) and a low anti fungal activity in vitro, especially for ethanol extract. However, further fractionation and bioassay showed that the most active component was likely in the ethyl-acetate soluble fraction that exhibited strong anti fungal activity (52.5%) at 4.0% of concentration.
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS KULIT KAYU MANGIUM UNTUK MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DAN BIBIT Acacia mangium Willd Suprapti, Sihati; Santoso, Erdy; Djarwanto, Djarwanto; Turjaman, Maman
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 30, No 2 (2012):
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.2.114-123

Abstract

Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit kayu mangium yang disterilkan dantidak disterilkan ditambah aktivator kemudian dikomposkan selama 30 hari. Kompos kulit kayumangium tersebut digunakan sebagai media tanam cendawan mikoriza dan bibitAcacia mangium. Tingkat degradasi kompos dievaluasi berdasarkan perubahan kandungan karbon organik, nitrogen total, kadar hara, dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aktivator pada proses pengomposan kulit kayu mangium menurunkan nisbah C/N masing-masing menjadi 21,90 (disterilkan) dan 25,30 (tidak disterilkan). Penambahan aktivator tersebut dapat meningkatkan unsur hara N 0,82-1,09%, P 0,22-0,36%, dan K 0,36-1,12%, dan meningkatkan nilai KTK 31,3-32,7 me/100 g. Kolonisasi mikoriza pada media tanam kompos kulit kayu mangium, menunjukkan bahwa kompos tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai media tumbuh sekaligus media pembawa cendawan mikoriza. Persentase koloni yang tinggi (45%) dijumpai pada media kulit kayu mangium yang disterilkan, ditambah aktivator yang diinokulasiGlomussp. Pertumbuhan bibitA. mangiumpada media kulit kayu mangium yang disterilkan dan ditambah aktivator cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang ditanam pada media yang tidak disterilkan. Pertumbuhan bibit tertinggi dijumpai pada media tanam yang diinokulasiGigasporasp., sedangkan pertumbuhan diameter batang paling besar terjadi pada media yang diinokulasiGlomussp.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BUSINESS IN AGARWOOD INOCULATION AT DIFFERENT STEM DIAMETERS AND INOCULATION PERIODS Suharti, Sri; Pratiwi, Pratiwi; Santosa, Erdy; Turjaman, Maman
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 8, No 2 (2011): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.2.114-129

Abstract

Indonesia signifies as the biggest agarwood producer country in the world. Its demand and price tend to increase and have brought about over exploitation of agarwood. Consequently, its population in nature has decreased significantly. To overcome the situation, since 1995, agarwood has been included in the CITES Appendix II. However, illegal exploitation remains persistent and reaches an excessive level. In order to deal with it, agarwood cultivation and its artificial production have been undertaken at several provinces in Indonesia. Some supporting factors for agarwood cultivation and artificial production are the availability of potential land for extensive cultivation, appropriate agro climate condition, simple cultivation technique and already being well adopted by farmers, the availability of necessary pathogen for agarwood inoculation, and the increasing demand with relatively high price. The research aims to analyze the feasibility study of agarwood inoculation business at several stem diameters (15 - 25 cm; 26 -35 cm and 36 - 40 cm) and periods of inoculation (1 - 5 years). Data were collected through field observation and literature study. The results showed that inoculation on agarwood producer tree stands at 12.5% interest rate afforded positive net present value (NPV),  internal rate of return (IRR) is much higher than market interest and benefit cost (B/C) ratio >2 for those three diameter classes. Furthermore, if agarwood harvesting is delayed until five years after inoculation, NPV,  IRR and B/C ratio would be much higher. It can be concluded that inoculation on agarwood producer tree stands (at appropriate age for inoculation) is feasible to be developed.
EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION ON EARLY GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF TWO PEAT­ SWAMP FOREST TREE SPECIES SEEDLINGS, Calophyllum hosei AND Ploiarium alternifolium Turjaman, Maman; Santoso, Erdy; Tamai, Yutaka; Osaki, Mitsuru; Tawaraya, Keitaro
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 3, No 1 (2006): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2006.3.1.19-30

Abstract

Tropical peat-swamp forests are one of  the largest near-surface reserves of terrestrial organic carbon,  but rnany peat-swamp forest tree species decreased due over-exploitation, forest fire and conversion of natural forests into agricultural lands. Among those species are slow-growing Calophyllum  hoseiand Ploiarium  alternifolium, two species are good for construction of boats, furniture, house building and considerable attention from pharmacological viewpoint for human healthly. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on early growth of  C. hosei and P.alternifoliumunder greenhouse condition. Seedlings of C. hosei and P.alternifoliumwere inoculated with AM fungi: Glomus clarum and Glomus aggregatum ,or uninoculated under greenhouse condition during 6 months. AM colonization,   plant growth,  survival rate and  nutrient  content  (P, Zn  and B) were measured. The percentage of C. hoseiand P.alternifolium ranged from 27-32% and 18-19%,  respectively. Both inoculated seedling species had greater plant  height, diameter, leaf number, shoot and root dry weight than control  seedlings.   Nutrient  content  of  inoculated  plants  were increased with AM colonization- Survival rates of  inoculated plants were higher (100%)  than those of  control plants (67%). The results suggested that inoculation of AM fungi could improve the early growth of C. hoseiand P.alternifolium grown in tropical peat-swamp forest therefore  this finding has greater potential impact if this innovative technology applied in field scales which are socially acceptable, commercially profitable and environmentally friendly.
Co-Authors A.W. Gunawan, A.W. Anna Hairani Asep Hidayat Athaillah Mursyid Choiron, Dodik Dian Rachma Wijayanti Djarwanto Djarwanto Eka Novriyanti Erdy Santosa Erdy Santoso Erry Purnomo Heliza Rahmania Hatta, Heliza Rahmania Hendrik Segah, Hendrik Hideyuki Saito, Hideyuki Irman Hermadi Irnayuli R. Sitepu Irnayuli R. Sitepu, Irnayuli Keitaro Tawaraya Kunihide Takahashi, Kunihide Luciasih Agustini Masato Shibuya, Masato Mitsuru Osaki Patricia Erosa Putir, Patricia Erosa Pratiwi Pratiwi Ronny Tambunan Satoshi Tahara SATRIYAS ILYAS Sehat Jaya Tuah, Sehat Jaya Sihati Suprapti Siti S. Miftahuliyah Sri Nurdiati Suwido Hester Limin, Suwido Hester Wasrin Syafii Yahya Jamal, Yahya Yana Sumarna, Yana Yasuyuki Hashidoko Yulia, Raina Yutaka Tamai