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All Journal Journal of Tropical Soils Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Sumatrana JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed
Maman Turjaman
Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16610
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

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MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INCREASED EARLY GROWTH OF TROPICAL TREE SEEDLINGS IN ADVERSE SOIL Turjaman, Maman; Santoso, Erdy; Sitepu, Irnayuli R.; Tawaraya, Keitaro; Purnomo, Erry; Tambunan, Ronny; Osaki, Mitsuru
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 6, No 1 (2009): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2009.6.1.17-25

Abstract

The rate of reforestation  has increased throughout the countries in Southeast Asia region during the last 20 years.  At the same time, inconvenient situations such as forest destruction, forest exploitation, illegal logging, clear-cut forest areas, old agricultural lands, post-wildfire areas, conversion  of natural  forests into  plantations, resettlement areas, mine  lands,  and amended adverse soils have also been increasing  significantly. Mycorrhizas, hovewer,  play important role  to increase  plant  growth,  enrich  nutrient content  and enhance  survival rates of forest tree species in temperate  and sub-tropical  regions.  Unfortunately, a little information so far is available  regarding  the effect of mycorrhizas on growth  of tree species growing  in tropical  forests. In relevant,  several experiments  were carried  out to determine whether  ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and arbuscular  mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance mycorrhizal colonization, nutrient content, and plant growth of some tropical rain forest tree species in Indonesia under nursery  and field conditions.   The families of tropical  tree species used in the experiment were  Thymelaeaceae (Aquilaria crassna), Leguminosae  (Sesbania grandifolia), Guttiferae (Ploiarium alternifolium and Calophyllum hosei), Apocynaceae (Dyera polyphylla and Alstonia scholaris), and Dipterocarpaceae (Shorea belangeran). These families are important as they provide timber  and non-timber  forest products (NTFPs).   This paper discusses the role of mycorrhizal fungi in increasing  early  growth  of tropical  tree seedlings in adverse soil.
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INCREASED PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF MILKWOOD TROPICAL TREE SPECIES Alstonia scholaris UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS Turjaman, Maman; Santoso, Erdy; Tawaraya, Keitaro
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 4, No 2 (2007): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2007.4.2.61-71

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the early growth of Alstonia scholaris (milkwood) seedlings.   The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus clarum Nicholson & Schenk, Gigaspora decipiens Hall & Abbott, Glomus sp. ACA Tulasne & Tulasne, Entrophospora sp. Ames & Scheneider,    and Glomus sp. ZEA Tulasne & Tulasne, and uninoculated (control) under greenhouse conditions. Percentage of AM colonization, plant growth, survival rate, mycorrhizal dependency (MD), shoot nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca),  and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were measured after 150 days. Survival rates were higher in the AM-colonized seedlings at 150 days after transplantation than those in the control seedlings. Mycorrhizal Dependency (MD) values were 80, 78, 79, 78 and 78% in A. scholaris inoculated with G. clarum, G. decipiens, Glomus sp. ACA, Entrophospora sp., and Glomus sp. ZEA, respectively. Shoot N, P, K, Ca and Mg content of the seedlings were increased by AM fungi as much as 82-86, 81-86, 81-86, 88-91 and 85-90%, respectively. The percentage of AM colonization of A. scholaris ranged from 64 to 91 %. Colonization by five AM fungi increased plant height, diameter, total fresh weight, total dry weight and total length root. Glomus clarum was more effective in improving nutrient content and plant growth of A. scholaris than G. decipiens, Entrophospora  sp., Glomus sp. ZEA and Glomus sp. ACA.   Total root length of A. scholaris ranged from 1,180 to 1,310 cm. The results suggest that AM fungi can accelerate the establishment of the seedling stocks of A. scholaris. This finding would contribute to the effort of establishing A. scholaris plantation.
INITIAL SCREENING OF FAST-GROWING TREE SPECIES BEING TOLERANT OF DRY TROPICAL PEATLANDS IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA Saito, Hideyuki; Shibuya, Masato; Tuah, Sehat Jaya; Turjaman, Maman; Takahashi, Kunihide; Jamal, Yahya; Segah, Hendrik; Putir, Patricia Erosa; Limin, Suwido Hester
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 2, No 2 (2005): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2005.2.2.107-115

Abstract

An investigation of the recruit, survivorship and growth of naturally regenerating tree species on canal bank was conducted to  select tree species which are suitable for preceding planting in drained and burnt peat swamp lands in  Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.  Top of  the canal bank were open, with greater soil moisture  deficit and higher soil temperatures than on the next intact forest floor. The abundant  trees were asam-asam (Ploiarium alternifolium),garunggang (Cratoxylon arborescens) and tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus). New regeneration of these trees on the canal bank was confirmed during this investigation and mortality was very low. These results indicated that P. alternifolium,C. arborescens and C. rotundatuswere tolerant of intensive radiation, soil drought and high soil temperatures during germination. The annual height increments  were 189-232  cm y-1 (P. alternifolium),118-289  cm y-1  (C. arborescens)and 27-255 cm y-1   (C. rotundatus); thus, these three species could be classified as fast-growing with tolerance to open and dry conditions.  Such characteristics were important to avoid competition with herbs, ferns,and/ or climbers. The results·suggest that P.alternifolium,C. arborescens and C. rotundatusare suitable for preceding planting for the rehabilitation of the disturbed peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan.
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INCREASED EARLY GROWTH OF GAHARU WOOD OF Aquilaria malaccencsis and A. crasna UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS Turjaman, Maman; Santoso, Erdy; Sumarna, Yana
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2006.3.2.139-148

Abstract

Gaharu wood stand has an important source of profits to the forest community in South and Southeast Asia tropical forest countries, but Aquilaria species have reduced in number and turn out to be endangered due to overexploitation.   Today,   the planting stocks of   Aquilaria species are not sufficient to sustain the yield of gaharu wood and promote forest conservation.  The objective of this study was to determine   the effect of   five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi: Entrophospora sp., Gigaspora decipiens, Glomus clarum, Glomus sp. ZEA, and Glomus sp. ACA, on the early growth of  Aquilaria malaccensis and A. crasna under greenhouse conditions. The seedlings of  Aquilaria spp. were inoculated with Entrophospora sp., Gi. decipiens, Glomus clarum, Glomus sp. ZEA, Glomus sp. ACA and uninoculated (control) under greenhouse conditions. Then, percentage AM colonization, plant growth, survival rate and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and mycorrhizal dependence (MD) were measured. The percentage AM colonization of A. malaccensis and A. crasna ranged from 83 to 97% and from 63 to 78%, respectively. Colonization by five AM fungi increased plant height, diameter, and shoot and root dry weights. N and P content of  the seedlings were also increased by AM colonization. Survival rates were higher in the AM-colonized seedlings at 180 days after transplantation than those in the control seedlings. The MD of Aquilaria species was higher than 55 %. The results suggested that AM fungi can be inoculated`to Aquilaria species under nursery conditions to obtain vigorous seedlings, and the field experiment is underway to clarify the role of AM fungi under field conditions.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBENTUKAN GAHARU DAN KOMPOSISI SENYAWA RESIN GAHARU PADA Santoso, Erdy; Agustini, Luciasih; R. Sitepu, Irnayuli; Turjaman, Maman
Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam Vol 4, No 6 (2007): Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Gaharu terjadi melalui proses patologis yang unik akibat respon terhadap infeksi jamur pada pohon pembentuk gaharu, seperti Aquilaria spp.   Pembentukan gaharu ditandai oleh proses pencoklatan jaringan batang pada area terinfeksi akibat akumulasi resin, yaitu metabolit sekunder yang merupakan senyawa penentu kualitas gaharu.  Standar untuk menentukan kualitas resin gaharu masih sulit ditemukan.  Penelitian ini  bertujuan  untuk  mendapatkan  informasi  tentang  efektivitas  14  jamur  pembentuk  gaharu  dalam membentuk gejala kecoklatan pada gaharu dari jenis Aquilaria spp. dan komposisi resin pada gaharu alami dan buatan.  Fusarium solani Ga-7a adalah jamur yang paling efektif dalam menginduksi gejala kecoklatan secara vertikal, yaitu 12,7 cm, tetapi dua jamur: F. solani   Ga-4a   dan Cylindrocarpon sp. Ga-8b menghasilkan jarak kecoklatan terpendek, yaitu 2,23 dan 2,13 cm. Jarak horizontal terlebar didapat pada batang yang diinduksi oleh F. solani  Ga-4b and F. triticum Ga-3, yaitu 3,27 dan 3,03 cm.  Cylindrocarpon sp. Ga-8b menghasilkan jarak yang paling sempit, yaitu 1,50 cm.  Analisis dengan gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry mengindikasikan bahwa kelas kamedangan alami terdiri dari 120 senyawa resin dan umumnya  tergolong  sesquiterpenoid (C 15 )  atau  senyawa  turunannya.    Enam  dari  isolat  yang  diujikan berpotensi menginduksi senyawa methyl-hexadecanoate dan/atau palmitic acid; hexadeconoic acid, yang memiliki kemiripan yang rendah dengan senyawa dari kelas kamedangan.  Penelitian selanjutnya pengaruh faktor biotik dan abiotik dalam pembentukan gaharu artifisial seyogyanya segera dilakukan.
STUDIES ON FUNCTIONAL BACTERIA OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL FOREST PLANTS FOR BIOREHABILITATION OF DEGRADED LANDS Sitepu, Irnayuli R.; Hashidoko, Yasuyuki; Aryanto, Aryanto; Turjaman, Maman; Tahara, Satoshi; Miftahuliyah, Siti S.; Santoso, Erdy
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 5, No 1 (2008): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2008.5.1.21-36

Abstract

Forest  degradations  have left vast amount  of damaged  and abandoned  lands in Indonesia.   In this paper, we present our approaches  in rehabilitation of adverse soils using functional  bacteria isolated from plant species of Indonesian tropical  rain forests. For these purposes,  we collected  bacteria  from various  bio-geo-climatically different forests and conducted bioassays to test these bacterial abilities in improving plant growth. Repeated seedling-based studies on Shorea spp., Alstonia scholaris, Acacia crassicarpa, and Agathis lorantifolia have revealed that many bacteria were able to promote plant growth at early stage in the nursery.  Various  plant responses towards  inoculations suggested that although  forest soils maintain  highly diverse and potent  bacteria,  it is necessary to select appropriate approaches to obtain optimum  benefits from these plant-bacteria interactions.  Our  ideas and futures  studies  for further  management  of these plant- bacteria interactions for biorehabilitation are also discussed.
KOLONISASI CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA PADA BIBIT TANAMAN PENGHASIL GAHARU Santoso, Erdy; Gunawan, A.W.; Turjaman, Maman
Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam Vol 4, No 5 (2007): Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan

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Abstract

 ABSTRAK Tanaman penghasil gaharu termasuk jenis hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) dan keberadaannya sangat penting dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat di negara-negara Asia Tenggara, tetapi beberapa jenis tanaman penghasil gaharu telah mengalami kepunahan disebabkan pemanenan di alam yang berlebihan.  Ada usaha  peningkatan  dalam  penyediaan  bibit  Aquilaria  microcarpa  Baill  tetapi  tidak  cukup   dalam meningkatkan jenis HHBK tersebut dan dalam meningkatkan promosi  konservasi hutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang pengaruh lima jenis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan awal Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.   Bibit Aquilaria microcarpa Baill diinokulasi oleh Entrophospora sp. Ames & Scheneider, Glomus sp. ACA Tulasne & Tulasne,  Glomus sp. ZEA Tulasne & Tulasne,  Glomus clarum Nicholson & Schenk, Gigaspora decipiens Hall & Abbott, dan kontrol (tidak diinokulasi) pada kondisi di persemaian. Paramater yang diukur adalah kolonisasi CMA, pertumbuhan tanaman, kandungan dan serapan N atau P pada jaringan tanaman sampai tanaman berumur 25 minggu.  Kolonisasi CMA pada akar Aquilaria microcarpa  Baill adalah 71-93 %.  Kolonisasi CMA  telah meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan berat kering.  Serapan N dan P jaringan tanaman juga meningkat pada tanaman yang dikolonisasi oleh CMA.    Hasil penelitian ini memberikan indikasi bahwa CMA dapat membantu dalam penyediaan bibit Aquilaria microcarpa   Baill yang vigor dan selanjutnya berimplikasi dalam upaya konservasi dan meningkatkan penyediaan produk hasil hutan bukan kayu secara ekonomi dan lestari.
Manfaat besar di balik penampilan kecil Hidayat, Asep; Turjaman, Maman
Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Sumatrana Vol 2, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Sumatrana
Publisher : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Sumatrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jpks.2018.2.1.13-26

Abstract

Kekayaan sumber daya alam Indonesia yang besar terbentang mulai dari tegakan hutan hujan tropis yang luas sampai dengan beragam mikroba yang kasat mata. Mereka memerankan fungsi yang saling bertautan untuk menyimbangkan kondisi lingkungan yang ideal. Namun fungsi yang menguntungkan dari mikroba akan hilang saat kondisi lingkungan hutan mendapatkan tekanan, seperti oleh aktivitas illegal logging, kebakaran, konversi dan eksploitasi yang berlebihan. Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi, peran dan fungsi mikroba semakin meningkat dengan cepat baik dari segi nilai ekonominya ataupun perannya terhadap lingkungan. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang beberapa biospospek pemanfaatan mikroba hutan untuk kesehatan (bio-health), lingkungan (bioremediasi, bioplastik), energi (bio-energy), dan kehutanan (pemicu pertumbuhan). Dengan mengetahui manfaaat tersebut diharapakan program perlindungan hutan dan reforestasi dapat dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh dengan mempertimbangkan kelestarian sumber daya mikroba yang ada di dalamnya. Diantara upaya pelestarian mikroba hutan adalah dilakukannya kegiatan isolasi, identifikasi dan bio-prospecting untuk berbagai kemanfaatannya, dan hal tersebut harus dilakukan secepat mungkin berlomba dengan tingginya laju kepunahan hutan.
Isolation and Characterization Of Arbuscular Mychorhiza Fungi from Gaharu Wood (Aquilaria spp.) Rhizosphere Wijayanti, Dian Rachma; Turjaman, Maman
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed Vol 2 No 3 (2020): BioEksakta
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.bioe.2020.2.3.3090

Abstract

In the last 30 years there have been increasing demand of agarwood. Unlimited hunting of agarwood causing it become threatened species. Aquilaria spp. is the main genus producing agarwood that considered as threathened species. Conserving Aquilaria spp. as germ plasm needs is essential against destruction. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been used as inoculant to increase the growth of Aquilaria spp., but information about the existence of AMF in Aquilaria spp. rhizosphere has not been reported. This research was carried out with objective to identify AMF from Aquilaria spp. rhizosphere. Soil and root samples from rhizosphere of Aquilaria spp. taken from four location that is: Carita (A. malaccensis), Ciapus (A. filaria), Cifor (A. crasna & A. malaccensis), and Bantar Kemang (A. beccariana, A. crasna, & A. malaccensis). Roots staining was conducted with modified Phillips and Hayman procedure (1970). Soils sample was run dry wed and placed in pot culture with Pueraria javanica as the host plant. Spore was separated from pot culture using wet sieving and decanting method continued with centrifugation. The result showed the occurrences of AMF in Aquilaria spp. roots i.e. external hypha, internal hypha, coiled hypha, arbuscules, and vesicles. All AMF colony structure found in Aquilaria spp. roots show asosiation bettwen the plant and AMF. Four species of AMF were found i.e. Glomus sp.1, Glomus sp.2, Gigaspora albida, and Dentiscutata sp. Key Words: Isolation, Arbuscule Mycorrhizae Fungi, Rhizosfer, Agarwood
Grade Classification of Agarwood Sapwood Using Deep Learning Hatta, Heliza Rahmania; Nurdiati, Sri; Hermadi, Irman; Turjaman, Maman
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 8, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.8.4.2257

Abstract

The agarwood tree (Aquilaria sp.) is a tree that produces agarwood, which is a black resin that has a distinctive fragrant smell. In Indonesia, one that is commonly traded is sapwood agarwood. Agarwood sapwood is black or brownish-black wood obtained from the parts of the agarwood-producing tree containing a strong aromatic mastic. Based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7631:2018, agarwood sapwood has three classes: Super Double, Super A, and Super B. However, many agarwood farmers need to learn to differentiate and classify the agarwood sapwood classes, and traders exploit this to buy cheap. So, deep learning can be used to classify the agarwood sapwood class. One of the uses of deep learning is in image processing. Image processing is used to help humans recognize or classify objects quickly and precisely and can process many data simultaneously. One of the deep learning algorithms used in image processing is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this study, it is proposed that the deep learning model used is CNN with batch normalization. The dataset used is 72 agarwood sapwood images with a white background, each consisting of 24 Super A, 24 Super B data, and 24 Super Double data. The dataset is divided into 80% training and 20% testing data. The evaluation results of the proposed method at 100 epochs show an accuracy of 87.5%. The research implications will help agarwood tree farmers differentiate and classify agarwood sapwood so that farmers get the right price from buyers.
Co-Authors A.W. Gunawan, A.W. Anna Hairani Asep Hidayat Athaillah Mursyid Choiron, Dodik Dian Rachma Wijayanti Djarwanto Djarwanto Eka Novriyanti Erdy Santosa Erdy Santoso Erry Purnomo Heliza Rahmania Hatta, Heliza Rahmania Hendrik Segah, Hendrik Hideyuki Saito, Hideyuki Irman Hermadi Irnayuli R. Sitepu Irnayuli R. Sitepu, Irnayuli Keitaro Tawaraya Kunihide Takahashi, Kunihide Luciasih Agustini Masato Shibuya, Masato Mitsuru Osaki Patricia Erosa Putir, Patricia Erosa Pratiwi Pratiwi Ronny Tambunan Satoshi Tahara SATRIYAS ILYAS Sehat Jaya Tuah, Sehat Jaya Sihati Suprapti Siti S. Miftahuliyah Sri Nurdiati Suwido Hester Limin, Suwido Hester Wasrin Syafii Yahya Jamal, Yahya Yana Sumarna, Yana Yasuyuki Hashidoko Yulia, Raina Yutaka Tamai