Jimmi Nugraha
Indonesian Agency For Meteorology Climatology And Geophysics, Jln. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran 10720 Jakarta Pusat

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REKONSTRUKSI BATIMETRI DAN IKLIM PURBA BERDASARKAN FORAMINIFERA DAERAH RALLA BARRU, SULAWESI SELATAN INDONESIA Meutia Farida; Tati Fitriana; Jimmi Nugraha
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 17, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (21096.308 KB) | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i2.443

Abstract

Daerah Ralla terletak di Kabupaten Barru Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, tersusun atas batuan karbonat dan vulkanik. Salah satu komponen utama penyusun batuan ini adalah kandungan fosil foraminifera baik planktonik maupun bentonik yang jumlahnya melimpah. Penentuan umur dan lingkungan pengendapan purba (paleobathymetry), menggunakan foraminifera sebagai proksi iklim purba (paleoclimate) yang baik. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Penampang Stratigrafi Terukur (Measuring Section) pada singkapan napal dan batugamping dengan ketebalan mencapai 748,16 sentimeter yang terdiri dari 23 lapisan batuan. Hasil identifikasi dan determinasi fosil foraminifera menunjukkan bahwa pada sampel terdapat 46 spesies bentonik dan 28 spesies planktonik, dengan kisaran umur batuan adalah Eosen Bawah bagian atas (P9) – Eosen Tengah bagian tengah (P11), perubahan batimetri dengan siklus pengendapan inner neritic – upper bathyal - outer neritic. Jumlah spesies yang beragam dan sangat melimpah serta ukuran fosil yang besar menunjukkan nutrisi pada saat itu sangat berlimpah, dengan temperatur 0⁰– 27⁰C sebagai kondisi iklim hangat (warm water). Ralla area is located in Barru District, South Sulawesi Province which consisted of carbonate and volcanic rocks. One of the main components of these rocks is foraminifera fossils, include planktonic and bentonic which founded to be abundance. In determining the age and depositional environment (paleobathymetry), foraminifera fossils could be used as a good paleoclimate proxy. The research was conducted by Stratigraphy Measured (Measuring Section) method in marl and limestone outcrop with a thickness of up to 748.16 centimeters which consists of 23 rock layers. Identification and determination of foraminifera fossils suggests that there are 46 bentonic and 28 planktonic species on samples, which are estimated the age of the rocks range from the end of lower Eocene (P9) till the middle of Middle Eocene (P11), bathymetry changes with cycle from inner neritic – upper bathyal – outer neritic. The abundant and diverse species and large-size fossils suggest that the nutrient was abundant with temperature 0⁰ – 27⁰C as a warm climate condition (warm water).
ANALISIS SUMBER GEMPABUMI PADA SEGMEN MENTAWAI (STUDI KASUS: GEMPABUMI 25 OKTOBER 2010) Wiko Setyonegoro; Bambang Sunardi; Sulastri Sulastri; Jimmi Nugraha; Pupung Susilanto
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 13, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (676.027 KB) | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v13i2.128

Abstract

Untuk menentukan desain parameter sumber gempabumi dilakukan melalui pendekatan analisis kondisi geologi area penelitian di segmen Mentawai. Data historis yang dijadikan acuan dalam penelitian ini adalah gempabumi Mentawai 25 Oktober 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemodelan sumber gempabumi sebagai pembangkit tsunami pada segmen Mentawai yang difokuskan pada kejadian gempabumi dan tsunami Mentawai 25 Oktober 2010. Pemodelan tersebut berdasarkan pada empat skenario sumber gempabumi. Skenario pertama dan kedua menggunakan data USGS, sedangkan skenario ketiga dan keempat menggunakan data BMKG. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Wells and coppersmith dan distribusi gempabumi susulan (aftershock). Setelah diakukan pengolahan data sumber gempabumi dengan software Tsunami L-2008, diperoleh hasil berupa run-up tsunami yang memiliki nilai dengan pola distribusi yang mendekati hasil survei lapangan dari BMKG dan Atsushi Koresawa (JICA, Japan), yaitu distribusi run-up yang tinggi di P. Pagai Selatan dan menurun di P. Pagai Utara. Hasil dari pemodelan yang paling mendekati hasil survei yaitu pemodelan sumber gempabumi berdasarkan mekanisme dari CMT USGS dan mengacu pada distribusi gempabumi susulan dengan mekanisme strike: 319, dip : 7, slip: 7 m, luas sesar: 180 m x 110 m, depth: 12 m. To determine design of earthquake source parameters, it is done by analysis of geological conditions approach of research area in Mentawai segment. Refference of historical data in this study is Mentawai earthquake October 25th, 2010. This research aims to earthquake source modeling as a tsunami triggering in Mentawai segment that is focused on the earthquakes and tsunami event of Mentawai October 25, 2010. This modeling is based on four scenarios of earthquake sources. The first and second scenario uses USGS data, while the third and fourth scenarios uses BMKG data. The used method is Wells and coppersmith method and aftershock earthquakes distribution. After the earthquake sources data processing is done by using Tsunami L-2008 software, it is obtained results as tsunami run-up having  values close to the distribution patterns of the BMKG and Atsushi Koresawa (JICA, Japan) field surveis, that is the distribution of high run-up in Pagai island and decrease in North Pagai island. The modeling results that is closest to the survei result is the earthquake sources modeling based on CMT USGS mechanisms and refers to aftershocks distribution with strike mechanism: 319, dip:7, slip: 7 m wide fault: 180 mx 110 m, depth: 12 m.
TEKNIK IDENTIFIKASI POLARITAS DAN KUALITAS IMPULSE PERTAMA GELOMBANG P DAN PENENTUAN MAGNITUDO GEMPABUMI DALAM SISTEM MONITORING GEMPABUMI JISVIEW Januar Arifin; Jimmi Nugraha
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 16, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5384.216 KB) | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v16i2.275

Abstract

Untuk menunjang akurasi penentuan parameter dan mekanisme sumber gempabumi telah dilakukan pengembangan teknik identifikasi polaritas dan kualitas impuls pertama gelombang P dan digital signal processing dalam sistem monitoring gempabumi JISView. Pelaksanaannya meliputi kajian pendefinisian maupun pengujian metode dan prosedur yang tepat dalam sistem monitoring gempabumi dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan sistem dalam menyajikan informasi dan mekanisme sumber gempabumi secara cepat dan akurat sekaligus memberikan landasan saintifik yang kuat terhadap metode-metode pengolahan data yang digunakan. Uji coba dan validasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keakurasian dan peningkatan performa yang diharapkan.  Pengujian terhadap metode pengolahan sinyal digital menggunakan sampel rekaman data seismik stasiun UGM komponen vertikal (BHZ). Untuk validasi, keluaran sinyal tersebut beserta spektrumnya dibandingkan terhadap sinyal keluaran software DIMAS2003 dan SAC melalui proses serupa. Aspek metode pendeteksian event dan penentuan magnitudo diuji menggunakan rekaman data seismik 10 kejadian gempabumi di Indonesia pada tahun 2014, dengan magnitudo 3,8 hingga 7,3 SR.  Hasil analisa selanjutnya divalidasi dengan parameter gempabumi yang dirilis BMKG, GFZ dan USGS. Hasil pengujian dan validasi metode pengolahan sinyal digital yang terdiri dari mekanisme filtering, restitusi dan replikasi sinyal menunjukkan hasil pengujian yang cukup baik. Hal ini diindikasikan melalui adanya kesesuaian pola sinyal dan spektrum hasil pengolahan yang dibandingkan terhadap hasil keluaran dari proses serupa menggunakan software pengolahan sinyal DIMAS2003 dan SAC. Pengujian dan validasi terhadap metode pendeteksian event otomatis yang mengkombinasikan antara metode STA/LTA dan Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) menunjukkan hasil picking otomatis yang lebih presisi dan handal (robust) dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode STA/LTA saja pada sistem yang dikembangkan sebelumnya.  The accuracy of the determination of earthquake parameters and the focal mechanism is dependent on the development of polarity identification techniques, the quality of the first impulse of the P wave, and digital signal processing methods used in the earthquake monitoring system JISView. The implementation includes defining and testing the methods and procedures appropriate to the earthquake monitoring system, to improve the system's ability to present earthquake information and focal mechanism quickly and accurately, while providing a strong scientific foundation for the data processing methods used. Tests on the digital signal processing method use a sample of seismic data recorded on the UGM station vertical component (BHZ). For validation, the output signal and its spectrum are compared to the output signal of the SAC software DIMAS2003 through similar processes. Aspects of the detection method of determining the magnitude of the event were tested using seismic data recorded on 10 occurrences of earthquakes in Indonesia in 2014, with a magnitude of 3.8 to 7.3 RS. The results are further validated by the analysis of earthquake parameters that were released from BMKG, GFZ, and USGS with comprising filtering mechanism, restitution, and replication signal shows the test results are good.
PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION AT SURFACE AND SPECTRAL ACCELERATION FOR MAKASSAR CITY BASED ON A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH Bambang Sunardi; Jimmi Nugraha
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 17, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8929.937 KB) | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i1.380

Abstract

The December 12, 2010 earthquakes (M 5.9) has drawn attention on the importance of knowledge of peak ground acceleration at surface (PGAM) and spectral acceleration for Makassar City. The PGAM and spectral acceleration play an important role in seismic design regulations. The purpose of this paper is to present the PGAM and spectral acceleration for Makassar City based on a probabilistic approach. The analysis involved determination of peak ground acceleration at bedrock using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), the average shear wave velocity at 30 m depth (Vs30), and site classification. Results of the analysis showed that the values of PGAM for Makassar City were varied from 0.177 – 0.21 g. Meanwhile, the spectral acceleration values at T = 0.2 and T = 1 second were varied from 0.459 – 0.541 g and 0.277 – 0.369 g respectively. From these results, the values of PGAM and spectral acceleration are relatively higher at Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya districts and relatively lower at Tamalate district in comparison to other districts in Makassar City. This condition is associated with the location of those areas which are relatively closer to the  earthquake source (Walanae fault), and is geologically dominated by stiff soil (SD).Gempa 12 Desember 2010 (M5.9) menarik perhatian kita akan pentingnya pengetahuan tentang percepatan tanah maksimum di permukaan (PGAM) dan spektra percepatan untuk Kota Makassar. PGAM dan spektra percepatan memegang peranan penting dalam peraturan desain gempa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan PGAM dan percepatan spektra untuk Kota Makassar berdasarkan pendekatan probabilistik. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi penentuan percepatan tanah maksimum di batuan dasar menggunakan Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), rata-rata kecepatan gelombang geser pada kedalaman 30 m (Vs30), dan klasifikasi site. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai PGAM untuk Kota Makassar bervariasi dari 0.177 – 0.21 g. Sementaraitu, nilai spektra percepatan pada T=0.2 dan T=1 detik berturut-turut bervariasi dari 0.459 – 0.541 g dan 0.277 – 0.369 g. Nilai PGAM dan spektra percepatan relatif lebih tinggi di Kecamatan Tamalanrea dan Biringkanaya serta relatif lebih rendah di Kecamatan Tamalate dibandingkan dengan Kecamatan lainnya di Kota Makassar. Hal tersebut dikarenakan lokasinya yang relatif lebih dekat dengan sumber gempa (patahan Walanae), dan secara geologi di dominasi oleh jenis tanah sedang (SD).
ANALISIS HAZARD GEMPA DAN ISOSEISMAL UNTUK WILAYAH JAWA-BALI-NTB Jimmi Nugraha; Guntur Pasau; Bambang Sunardi; Sri Widiyantoro
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 15, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v15i1.168

Abstract

Jawa, Bali dan NTB merupakan wilayah rawan bencana gempa. Untuk meminimalisasi dampak bencana tersebut, upaya mitigasi perlu dilakukan secara optimal. Salah satunya melalui penelitian hazard kegempaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hazard gempa dan isoseismal daerah penelitian. Tahapan penelitian meliputi studi literatur, pengumpulan dan pengolahan data gempa, pemodelan dan karakterisasi sumber gempa serta analisis hazard gempa dan isoseismal. Analisis hazard gempa dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori probabilitas total dan pemodelan sumber gempa tiga dimensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan katalog BMKG tahun 1903 – 2010, kedalaman 0 – 300 km dan Mw ≥5 serta data PGA yang tercatat di jaringan BMKG. Hasil analisis hazard gempa menunjukkan nilai percepatan tanah maksimum (PGA) di batuan dasar Pulau Jawa, Bali dan NTB  bervariasi dari 0,05 g - 0,5 g. Secara umum, rentang nilai percepatan tersebut relatif hampir sama dengan Peta Gempa Indonesia 2010. Kurva hazard gempa di beberapa kota besar di Pulau Jawa menunjukkan gempa dalam sangat berpengaruh di Kota Serang, Jakarta dan Surabaya. Sumber gempa sesar dominan mempengaruhi hazard di Kota Bandung, Yogyakarta dan Semarang. Analisis isoseismal gempa Tasikmalaya 2 September 2009 dan 26 Juni 2010 menunjukkan daerah di selatan Pulau Jawa bagian barat mengalami guncangan yang cukup kuat sekitar VII – VIII MMI (0,25 g – 0,3 g) yang bersesuaian dengan peta hazard hasil combine source.Java, Bali, and NTB are earthquake-prone areas. One mitigation efforts to minimize the disaster impact is carried out through seismic hazard research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the earthquake hazard and isoseismal for the study area. The stages of the research include the literature study, collecting and processing seismic data, seismic sources modeling and characterization, earthquake hazard and isoseismal analysis. Seismic hazard analysis for the 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years was carried out using the total probability theory and three-dimensional earthquake source modeling. This study used the BMKG catalog from 1903 – 2010, 0-300 km depth, Mw ≥ 5 and PGA data recorded at the BMKG network. The results of this study show the PGA values varied from 0.05 to 0.5 g. In general, the acceleration ranges relatively close to the Indonesian Earthquake Map 2010. Seismic hazard curves in some big cities in Java showed that the deep earthquake was very influential in Serang, Jakarta, and Surabaya. The fault source dominant influence in Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Semarang. Isoseismal analysis of Tasikmalaya earthquakes on September 2, 2009, and June 26, 2010, shows the area in the southwestern part of Java experience strong shocks around VII - VIII MMI (0.25 - 0.3 g) which corresponds to the hazard maps result of combine source.
Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of Tonasa Formation at Barru River Traverse, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Meutia Farida; Asri Jaya; Jimmi Nugraha
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 9, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.9.3.371-381

Abstract

DOI:10.17014/ijog.9.3.371-381Barru is one of the areas in South Sulawesi where the stratigraphic sequences of lithology from Mesozoic to recent are well exposed. The Tonasa Formation is quite widespread in this area, and it is interesting to find out its various aspects related to the carbonate rock development. For this reason, the distribution of nannofossils were recorded and the relative age of Tonasa Formation was determined using nannofossil collected by measuring section at Barru River. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages are moderate to poor preserved. A total of twenty-three species were identified from the bottom to the top of the interbedded marl and limestone. The nannofossil assemblage-based biostratigraphy of the studied area was shown by the First Occurrence (FO) and Last Occurrence (LO) of the marker species. As for the results, there were six data found in this study, i.e. FO and LO of Reticulofenestra umbilicus, FO of Sphenolithus pseudoradians, LO of Discoaster saipanensis, LO of Calcidiscus formosus, and LO Reticulofenestra bisectus. Based on the noted nannofossil data, the determined age of Tonasa Formation at Karama area included NP 15 – NN 1 or CP 13 - CN 1a, and equivalent to Middle Eocene until Early Miocene. The result shows important data that will contribute significantly in age constraint of Tonasa Formation
Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of Tonasa Formation at Barru River Traverse, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Meutia Farida; Asri Jaya; Jimmi Nugraha
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 9 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.9.3.371-381

Abstract

DOI:10.17014/ijog.9.3.371-381Barru is one of the areas in South Sulawesi where the stratigraphic sequences of lithology from Mesozoic to recent are well exposed. The Tonasa Formation is quite widespread in this area, and it is interesting to find out its various aspects related to the carbonate rock development. For this reason, the distribution of nannofossils were recorded and the relative age of Tonasa Formation was determined using nannofossil collected by measuring section at Barru River. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages are moderate to poor preserved. A total of twenty-three species were identified from the bottom to the top of the interbedded marl and limestone. The nannofossil assemblage-based biostratigraphy of the studied area was shown by the First Occurrence (FO) and Last Occurrence (LO) of the marker species. As for the results, there were six data found in this study, i.e. FO and LO of Reticulofenestra umbilicus, FO of Sphenolithus pseudoradians, LO of Discoaster saipanensis, LO of Calcidiscus formosus, and LO Reticulofenestra bisectus. Based on the noted nannofossil data, the determined age of Tonasa Formation at Karama area included NP 15 – NN 1 or CP 13 - CN 1a, and equivalent to Middle Eocene until Early Miocene. The result shows important data that will contribute significantly in age constraint of Tonasa Formation
TEKNIK IDENTIFIKASI POLARITAS DAN KUALITAS IMPULSE PERTAMA GELOMBANG P DAN PENENTUAN MAGNITUDO GEMPABUMI DALAM SISTEM MONITORING GEMPABUMI JISVIEW Januar Arifin; Jimmi Nugraha
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v16i2.275

Abstract

Untuk menunjang akurasi penentuan parameter dan mekanisme sumber gempabumi telah dilakukan pengembangan teknik identifikasi polaritas dan kualitas impuls pertama gelombang P dan digital signal processing dalam sistem monitoring gempabumi JISView. Pelaksanaannya meliputi kajian pendefinisian maupun pengujian metode dan prosedur yang tepat dalam sistem monitoring gempabumi dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan sistem dalam menyajikan informasi dan mekanisme sumber gempabumi secara cepat dan akurat sekaligus memberikan landasan saintifik yang kuat terhadap metode-metode pengolahan data yang digunakan. Uji coba dan validasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keakurasian dan peningkatan performa yang diharapkan.  Pengujian terhadap metode pengolahan sinyal digital menggunakan sampel rekaman data seismik stasiun UGM komponen vertikal (BHZ). Untuk validasi, keluaran sinyal tersebut beserta spektrumnya dibandingkan terhadap sinyal keluaran software DIMAS2003 dan SAC melalui proses serupa. Aspek metode pendeteksian event dan penentuan magnitudo diuji menggunakan rekaman data seismik 10 kejadian gempabumi di Indonesia pada tahun 2014, dengan magnitudo 3,8 hingga 7,3 SR.  Hasil analisa selanjutnya divalidasi dengan parameter gempabumi yang dirilis BMKG, GFZ dan USGS. Hasil pengujian dan validasi metode pengolahan sinyal digital yang terdiri dari mekanisme filtering, restitusi dan replikasi sinyal menunjukkan hasil pengujian yang cukup baik. Hal ini diindikasikan melalui adanya kesesuaian pola sinyal dan spektrum hasil pengolahan yang dibandingkan terhadap hasil keluaran dari proses serupa menggunakan software pengolahan sinyal DIMAS2003 dan SAC. Pengujian dan validasi terhadap metode pendeteksian event otomatis yang mengkombinasikan antara metode STA/LTA dan Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) menunjukkan hasil picking otomatis yang lebih presisi dan handal (robust) dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode STA/LTA saja pada sistem yang dikembangkan sebelumnya.  The accuracy of the determination of earthquake parameters and the focal mechanism is dependent on the development of polarity identification techniques, the quality of the first impulse of the P wave, and digital signal processing methods used in the earthquake monitoring system JISView. The implementation includes defining and testing the methods and procedures appropriate to the earthquake monitoring system, to improve the system's ability to present earthquake information and focal mechanism quickly and accurately, while providing a strong scientific foundation for the data processing methods used. Tests on the digital signal processing method use a sample of seismic data recorded on the UGM station vertical component (BHZ). For validation, the output signal and its spectrum are compared to the output signal of the SAC software DIMAS2003 through similar processes. Aspects of the detection method of determining the magnitude of the event were tested using seismic data recorded on 10 occurrences of earthquakes in Indonesia in 2014, with a magnitude of 3.8 to 7.3 RS. The results are further validated by the analysis of earthquake parameters that were released from BMKG, GFZ, and USGS with comprising filtering mechanism, restitution, and replication signal shows the test results are good.
PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION AT SURFACE AND SPECTRAL ACCELERATION FOR MAKASSAR CITY BASED ON A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH Bambang Sunardi; Jimmi Nugraha
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i1.380

Abstract

The December 12, 2010 earthquakes (M 5.9) has drawn attention on the importance of knowledge of peak ground acceleration at surface (PGAM) and spectral acceleration for Makassar City. The PGAM and spectral acceleration play an important role in seismic design regulations. The purpose of this paper is to present the PGAM and spectral acceleration for Makassar City based on a probabilistic approach. The analysis involved determination of peak ground acceleration at bedrock using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), the average shear wave velocity at 30 m depth (Vs30), and site classification. Results of the analysis showed that the values of PGAM for Makassar City were varied from 0.177 – 0.21 g. Meanwhile, the spectral acceleration values at T = 0.2 and T = 1 second were varied from 0.459 – 0.541 g and 0.277 – 0.369 g respectively. From these results, the values of PGAM and spectral acceleration are relatively higher at Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya districts and relatively lower at Tamalate district in comparison to other districts in Makassar City. This condition is associated with the location of those areas which are relatively closer to the  earthquake source (Walanae fault), and is geologically dominated by stiff soil (SD).Gempa 12 Desember 2010 (M5.9) menarik perhatian kita akan pentingnya pengetahuan tentang percepatan tanah maksimum di permukaan (PGAM) dan spektra percepatan untuk Kota Makassar. PGAM dan spektra percepatan memegang peranan penting dalam peraturan desain gempa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan PGAM dan percepatan spektra untuk Kota Makassar berdasarkan pendekatan probabilistik. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi penentuan percepatan tanah maksimum di batuan dasar menggunakan Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA), rata-rata kecepatan gelombang geser pada kedalaman 30 m (Vs30), dan klasifikasi site. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai PGAM untuk Kota Makassar bervariasi dari 0.177 – 0.21 g. Sementaraitu, nilai spektra percepatan pada T=0.2 dan T=1 detik berturut-turut bervariasi dari 0.459 – 0.541 g dan 0.277 – 0.369 g. Nilai PGAM dan spektra percepatan relatif lebih tinggi di Kecamatan Tamalanrea dan Biringkanaya serta relatif lebih rendah di Kecamatan Tamalate dibandingkan dengan Kecamatan lainnya di Kota Makassar. Hal tersebut dikarenakan lokasinya yang relatif lebih dekat dengan sumber gempa (patahan Walanae), dan secara geologi di dominasi oleh jenis tanah sedang (SD).
REKONSTRUKSI BATIMETRI DAN IKLIM PURBA BERDASARKAN FORAMINIFERA DAERAH RALLA BARRU, SULAWESI SELATAN INDONESIA Meutia Farida; Tati Fitriana; Jimmi Nugraha
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i2.443

Abstract

Daerah Ralla terletak di Kabupaten Barru Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, tersusun atas batuan karbonat dan vulkanik. Salah satu komponen utama penyusun batuan ini adalah kandungan fosil foraminifera baik planktonik maupun bentonik yang jumlahnya melimpah. Penentuan umur dan lingkungan pengendapan purba (paleobathymetry), menggunakan foraminifera sebagai proksi iklim purba (paleoclimate) yang baik. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Penampang Stratigrafi Terukur (Measuring Section) pada singkapan napal dan batugamping dengan ketebalan mencapai 748,16 sentimeter yang terdiri dari 23 lapisan batuan. Hasil identifikasi dan determinasi fosil foraminifera menunjukkan bahwa pada sampel terdapat 46 spesies bentonik dan 28 spesies planktonik, dengan kisaran umur batuan adalah Eosen Bawah bagian atas (P9) – Eosen Tengah bagian tengah (P11), perubahan batimetri dengan siklus pengendapan inner neritic – upper bathyal - outer neritic. Jumlah spesies yang beragam dan sangat melimpah serta ukuran fosil yang besar menunjukkan nutrisi pada saat itu sangat berlimpah, dengan temperatur 0⁰– 27⁰C sebagai kondisi iklim hangat (warm water). Ralla area is located in Barru District, South Sulawesi Province which consisted of carbonate and volcanic rocks. One of the main components of these rocks is foraminifera fossils, include planktonic and bentonic which founded to be abundance. In determining the age and depositional environment (paleobathymetry), foraminifera fossils could be used as a good paleoclimate proxy. The research was conducted by Stratigraphy Measured (Measuring Section) method in marl and limestone outcrop with a thickness of up to 748.16 centimeters which consists of 23 rock layers. Identification and determination of foraminifera fossils suggests that there are 46 bentonic and 28 planktonic species on samples, which are estimated the age of the rocks range from the end of lower Eocene (P9) till the middle of Middle Eocene (P11), bathymetry changes with cycle from inner neritic – upper bathyal – outer neritic. The abundant and diverse species and large-size fossils suggest that the nutrient was abundant with temperature 0⁰ – 27⁰C as a warm climate condition (warm water).