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Journal : Environmental and Materials

Preparation of boron-doped diamond microelectrodes to determine the distribution size of platinum nanoparticles using current transient method Aliyah; Nurhidayat , Reza Rizqi; Afiten Rahmin Sanjaya; Rahmat Wibowo; Einaga, Yasuaki; Saepudin, Endang; Ivandini, Tribidasari Anggraningrum
Environmental and Materials Vol. 1 No. 1: (June) 2023
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v1i1.2023.117

Abstract

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) microelectrodes were prepared to investigate the correlation of hydrazine oxidation current responses with Pt nanoparticle (Pt NP) size distribution. The BDD film was grown on the surface of a tungsten needle with a diameter of 25 µm. An average particle size of around 5 µm BDD crystalline was successfully synthesized using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. The Raman spectrum confirmed the presence of diamond formation as indicated by peaks corresponding to C-C sp3 bonds, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum showed the presence of C-H and C-OH bonds on the surface of the BDD microelectrode. Meanwhile the Pt nanoparticles was synthesized through reduction reaction of  PtCl62- solution using NaBH4 with citric acid as the capping agent. Particles size between 4.46 to 4.78 nm were observed by using TEM measurements. The BDD microelectrodes were utilized to investigate the relationship between Pt nanoparticle size distribution and the current generated from the oxidation reaction of 15 mM hydrazine in a 50 mM phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 in the presence of 1.0 mL nanoparticle solutions. A current range of 5 and 6 nA with a noise level of 0.15 nA was observed showing a good correlation with the particle sizes of Pt NPs. Comparison was also performed with the measurements using Au microelectrodes, indicated that the prepared BDD microelectrodes is promising for the measurements of nanoparticle sizes distribution, especially Pt NPs.
Optimizing vanillin and phenol production from benzyl phenyl ether using CoMoO4/H-ZSM-5: A Box-Behnken design approach Khatrin, Irena; Amanullah, Duha Rushida; Wibowo, Rahmat; Howe, Russell Francis; Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 2: (December) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i2.2025.2161

Abstract

Background: Lignin valorization into high-value chemicals is crucial for sustainable development. This study focused on optimizing the catalytic conversion of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE), a lignin model compound, to vanillin and phenolic compounds. Methods: Hierarchical H-ZSM-5 was synthesized via a dual-template method and subsequently modified by wet impregnation with bimetallic cobalt and molybdenum oxides (CoMoO4/H-ZSM-5). Catalyst properties were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including XRD, FTIR, XRF, N2-physisorption, and SEM-EDS mapping. Reaction conditions, specifically Co:Mo ratio, temperature, and reaction time, were optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD), and product yields were quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Findings: Characterization confirmed successful catalyst synthesis, organic template removal, and bimetal oxide incorporation without significant structural damage. Catalytic tests demonstrated 100% BPE conversion. The highest experimental vanillin yield achieved was 54.69%. BBD analysis revealed that the interaction between Co:Mo ratio and temperature, as well as the quadratic effect of Co:Mo ratio, were the most influential factors impacting product yields. The optimal parameters for maximizing vanillin and phenolic yield were determined to be a Co:Mo ratio of 3:7, a temperature of 169 °C, and a reaction time of 31 minutes. While the phenolic model showed a reasonable fit (R² = 0.76), the vanillin model exhibited a lower fit (R² = 0.34) with significant lack-of-fit. Conclusion: This research provides crucial insights into the efficient production of high-value chemicals from BPE, offering a comprehensive optimization approach for the CoMoO4/H-ZSM-5 catalytic system. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study represents a novel contribution to lignin valorization.
One-pot catalytic conversion of glucose to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid over NiO-modified ZSM-5 zeolites: Effects of reaction temperature and solvent ratio Pratama, Arnia Putri; Mulyadi, Andita Junia; Wibowo, Rahmat; Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih
Environmental and Materials Vol. 3 No. 2: (December) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/eam.v3i2.2025.2642

Abstract

Background: 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has gained increasing attention as a key bio-based intermediate for the production of polyethylene furanoate (PEF) and other sustainable polyesters, offering a viable alternative to fossil-derived monomers. Although FDCA is conventionally produced via oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), direct one-pot conversion of glucose remains challenging due to the requirement for integrated catalytic functions and the strong influence of reaction conditions. Hierarchical zeolites modified with transition-metal oxides are promising for one-pot glucose-to-FDCA conversion; however, the effects of reaction temperature and solvent composition have not been systematically evaluated and are examined here using hierarchical ZSM-5, NiO-modified ZSM-5, and NiO catalysts. Methods: Hierarchical ZSM-5 was synthesized via a dual-template method and modified with NiO through an impregnation–spray technique to introduce redox-active sites. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray to establish correlations between structural, compositional, and textural properties and catalytic performance. Catalytic reactions were conducted at varying temperatures using a γ-valerolactone–water solvent system with different volume ratios. Findings: NiO-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to the parent zeolite and NiO, achieving a maximum FDCA yield of 2.36% at 150 °C with an optimal γ-valerolactone–water ratio of 1:1. Higher FDCA yield over NiO-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 reflects the combined effects of hierarchical porosity, NiO species, reaction temperature, and solvent ratio. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that NiO-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 can promote one-pot glucose-to-FDCA conversion, with reaction temperature and solvent ratio identified as key parameters for performance optimization. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a systematic assessment of the effects of reaction temperature and γ-valerolactone–water solvent ratio on FDCA formation over NiO-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 in a one-pot glucose conversion system, establishing catalyst and process design principles.