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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production

Y Widiawati

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Author-ID : 415678

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Veterinary

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The effects of saponin from Sapindus rarak fruit on rumen microbes and performance of sheep Amlius Thalib; Y Widiawati; H Hamid; D Suherman; M Sabrani
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 2, No 1 (1996)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Eighteen local sheep weighing approximately 15 kg were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups . All animals received a mixture of elephant and native grasses (50 :50) ad libitum + concentrate (0.5% of liveweight) . The treatments given were : (1) no additive, (II) addition of placebo and (III) addition of methanol-extracted Sapindus rarak fruit (MES) at level of 0.07% of liveweight. Placebo and MES were given orally every 3 days . Feeding treatments were conducted for 14 weeks . Rumen liquor of all animals were collected in the third week "and observed for rumen ecosystem and ruminal digestibility . Bodyweight gain and feed consumption were measured . The results showed that MES eliminates the protozoal population by 57% and sequently increases bacterial population by 69% when compared to control (1). Lowered protozoa population has no effect on lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids productions, and a consequence, does not change pH (Pa0.05) . However, lowered protozoa population decreased NH3-N content (P<0 .05) . Cumulative gas production resulting from substrate (rice straw) fermented by rumen liquor from sheep fed MES-added diet (III) increased by 13% when compared to control (1)). Compared to control (I), average daily gain of sheep fed MES-added diet (111) is increased by 44% with an improved efficiency by 28%. Keywords : Saponin, protozoa, bacteria, performance of sheep

Study of effectiveness of bacteria isolated from rumen microbes with acetogen medium as methanogenesis inhibitor Amlius Thalib; Y Widiawati; H Hamid
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Ruminal methanogenesis has disadvantageous effects on ruminant animals and environment of atmosphere. Inhibition of methane produced through reduction of carbondioxide has been conducted by bacteriological approach. The approach involved the isolation of bacteria from rumens of sheep (IBD) and buffalo (IBK) using medium for CO-utilizing acetogens. The isolate of bacterium was multiplied with the usual culture medium and then used as inoculum to degrade a substrate of King grass under constant temperature (390C) for 48 hours. Fresh rumen fluid of sheep (CRDS) was used as comparing inoculum. Measurementswere carbondioxide and methane gasses, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and NH3-N contents, bacterial count, and dry matter digestibility (in vitro DMD). The data measured were analyzed by using completely randomized design. The results showed that morphological cell of IBD was oval pleomorphic with Gram negative type, and cell of IBK was rod with Gram negative type. Percentage of CH4 produced by inoculum of IBD was lower than CRDS but was not significantly different (29.47 vs. 33.07%), while the percentage of methane produced by inoculum of IBK was very significantly lower than CRDS (24.29 vs. 33.07%) (P<0.01). Acetate/propionate ratio as a result of substrate fermentation by inoculum of IBD (3.55) and IBK (3.79) were very significantly higher than that of CRDS (2.43) (P<0.01). It is concluded from this experiment that isolates used were effective to inhibit the methanogenesis and the species contained in the isolates were indicated to be homoacetogenic bacteria. Key words: Bacterial isolate, acetogen medium, methanogenesis, inhibitor

Effect of rice straw silage treated with rumen microbes of buffalo on digestibility and ecosystem of cattle rumen Thalib A; J Bestari; Y Widiawati; H Hamid; D Suherman
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 5, No 1 (2000): MARCH 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Treatment of rice straw silage with addition of buffalo rumen microbes was conducted to improve the ruminal digestion of rice straw in ongole cattle. Three fistulated cattles were each introduced to dietary treatment: I. Untreated rice straw (JPTP), II. Rice straw ensilaged with buffalo rumen microbes (SJPMR-Kr), and ID. Elephant grass (RG). All diets were formulated isonitrogeneous (14% crude protein) and fed to animals over a period of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding trial, rwnen fluid of the animals were evaluated to digest its own basal diet (as substrate). The results show that cumulative gas production resulting from the substrate fermented (96 hours) by rumen fluid from cattle fed diet II is 205% of the diet I and 151 % of the diet ID. Measurements of DMD of the substrates after the gas production procedure show the similar trend (ie. DM digestibilities for JPTP= 33%; SJPMR-Kr= 54% dan RG= 45%). Means of in sacco DMD (72 hours incubation) confirm the results of gas production (ie. in sacco DM Digestibilities for JPTP= 35%; SJPMR-Kr= 44% and RG= 39%). All results described between treatments are highly significant different (P<O.OI). Measurements of rumen ecosystems did not show differences between treated animals (P>0.05), except for total VFA (ie. JPTP= 0.52 mg Inri; SJPMR-Kr= 3,37 mg Inri and RG= 3.15 mg Inri). Key words: Rice straw, silage, microbes, cattle and buffalo

Comparison of fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of grass and shrub legume leaves: The pattern of gas production, organic matter degradation, pH and NH3 production Y Widiawati; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 4 (2006): DECEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Rumen microbes convert carbohydrate in a feed into useful product such as VFA, microbial protein and B-vitamin; and some waste products such as CH4 and CO2. The amount and pattern of each product depend on the type of feed consumed by the animal. High fiber diet produces high gas and VFA, while high protein diet produce high NH3. Two types of feeds, grass and legume, have different cell structure and content, thus might have different pattern of rumen fermentation and product. In vitro method developed by Theodorou and Brooks was used to determine the pattern of rumen fermentation end product of two types of feeds, namely grass and legume. Result shows that legume has higher amount of OM degraded and produce higher amount of NH3 compared to grass. On the basis of OM degraded, the grass yielded higher volume of gas than that of legume. The two types of feeds did not change the pH of rumen fluid.

Fermentation kinetics (in vitro) of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Calliandra callothyrsus leaves (3) the pattern of gas production, organic matter degradation, pH, NH3 and VFA concentration; estimated CH4 and microbial biomass production Y Widiawati; M Winugroho; E Teleni; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 12, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

In high protein feeds, plant proteins may be shielded from degradation in the rumen by lignification of the cell wall or because of the present of plant secondary compounds e.g. tannin, which is present in most of the leguminous trees/shrubs. Thus it might have an effect on organic matter degradation and the pattern of other end product of rumen microbial fermentation (VFA, NH3, microbial cell, CH4 and total gas). The in vitro method was used to determine the organic matter degradation and the pattern of rumen fermentation end product of high protein feeds, namely Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricida sepium and Calliandra calothyrsus. The results shows that Gliricidia has the highest amount of OM degraded (505 mg); microbial cell and NH3 produced (2676 g and 1.91 mmol/100 mL) than followed by Leucaena (423 mg; 2656 g; 1.61 mmol/100 mL) and Calliandra (340 mg; 2644 g; 1.61 mmol/100mL), but Gliricidia produced the lowest amount of gas total and CH4 (0.192 mL and 0.07 mole per mg OM deraded) then Leucaena (0.249 mL and 0.097 mole per mg OM deraded) and Callliandra (0.196 mL and 0.126 mole per mg OM deraded). In conclusion, Gliricidia is more efficient in term of using the dietary energy for the animals’ production compared to the Leucaena and Calliandra. Key Words: Legumes Tree, Organic Matter, NH3, VFA, CH4, Microbial Cell

Mitigation of Enteric Methane Emission through Feed Modification and Rumen Manipulation Agustin Herliatika; Y Widiawati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The major of gas emission in the livestock sector are in the form of methane produced by microbial activity in the rumen. The emission of methane cause global warming and is predicted to keep increasing. Feed modification and rumen manipulation are important ways that can be used to mitigate methane emission. Based on this condition, this paper aims to describe several ways to mitigate methane emission using feed and rumen modification for smallholder farmers. Feed modification can be done using high Non-Fiber Carbohydrate (NFC) content in feed and also using balance nutrient feed. Meanwhile, rumen modification can be done through inlcusion of feed additive, microbial products, and oils. Providing feed contains high NFC as much as 21.8-53%DM would decrease methane emission by 3.03-28.33%. While providing feed contains balance nutrients would potentially decrease 21.87% of methane emission. Feed additive addition as much as 0.0011-12%DM decreased 0.59-78% of methane emission. Bacterial inclusion as much as 0.7x108 – 3,6x1011CFU decreased 0- 18.57% of methane emission. Oil or fat inclusion as much as 6%DM decreased 6.02-24.53% of methane emission. A combination of methods can be used to optimize methane mitigation and it can be applicable for farmers to raise their livestock in friendly environment.

Co-Authors A Thalib Agustin Herliatika Amlius Thalib D Devi D Suherman E Teleni H Hamid Herliatika, Agustin J Bestari M Sabrani M Winugroho P Mahyuddin, P Thalib A Z.A MasÃ¢Â€Â™ud Z.A Mas’ud

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