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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering BERKALA FISIKA Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Jurnal Fisika Unand Telaah Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Journal Of Management Science (JMAS) Journal of Technomaterial Physics Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Science, Technology, and Communication Journal
Bambang Widiyatmoko
Group THz-Photonics- Bidang Instrumentasi Fisis dan Optoelektronika Pusat Penelitian Fisika – Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI)
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Journal : Science, Technology, and Communication Journal

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Design and characterization of a graphene-coated fiber Bragg grating gas sensor for low-concentration methane and carbon dioxide detection Irawan, Dedi; Hanto, Dwi; Widiyatmoko, Bambang
Science, Technology, and Communication Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): SINTECHCOM Journal (February 2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Studi Pendidikan dan Rekayasa Alam Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59190/stc.v6i2.355

Abstract

Early detection and accurate monitoring of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at low concentrations are essential for industrial safety, environmental monitoring, and greenhouse gas mitigation. Conventional gas sensors, including electrochemical and semiconductor types, suffer from environmental sensitivity, frequent calibration needs, and limited long-term stability. Therefore, more stable, sensitive, and intrinsically safe sensing technologies are required, especially for high-risk environments. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors offer key advantages as passive optical devices that are immune to electromagnetic interference, compact, and capable of multiplexed operation. This study presents the design and characterization of a graphene-coated FBG sensor for low-concentration CH4 and CO2 detection. The FBG was fabricated using the phase mask technique, followed by cladding etching to enhance evanescent field interaction with the surrounding medium. A graphene layer was synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transferred onto the etched fiber surface to serve as the active sensing layer. Gas adsorption on graphene induces refractive index variations, producing measurable Bragg wavelength shifts monitored by a high-resolution optical interrogator. Experiments were conducted at concentrations up to 100 ppm under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Results show sensitivities of 12.4 pm/100 ppm for CO2 and 9.7 pm/100 ppm for CH4, with strong linearity (R2 > 0.98), fast response time (< 15 s), low hysteresis, and good long-term stability. The proposed FBG-graphene sensor demonstrates strong potential for reliable real-time gas monitoring in industrial and environmental applications.
Co-Authors Aditya Dwi Prasetio, Aditya Dwi Andi Setiono Azhar Azhar Azhar dedi irawan Dwi Bayuwati Dwi Hanto Dwi Hanto Fitmawati Fitmawati Harmadi Harmadi Harmadi Haryono, Wasis Husdi, Irwan Rawal Imam Mulyanto Iyon T. Sugiarto, Iyon T. Marwin, Azwir Muhammad Sahal Nasution, Subhan Fahmi Nelfyenny, Nelfyenny Prabowo Puranto Ramadhan, Khaikal Rodhiah, Salsa Ariani Rofianingrum, Mefina Y. Saktioto Saktioto Saktioto Samudra, Achdiyat Ilyasa Satrio, Teguh Suryadi Suryadi Sutoyo Sutoyo Sutoyo Syaeful Bahri Syarifuddin, Efi Syawal, Rio Mulya Thomas B. Waluyo, Thomas B.