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The effect of artificial dehydration on the survival and reproduction of Lymnaea rubiginosa Widjajanti, S
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The effect of artificial dehydration on snail Lymnaea rubiginosa was investigated in the laboratory by monitoring its survival and development, because as aquatic organism, this snail must be able to adapt or tolerate with the changes in its habitat. Fifty laboratory-reared L. rubiginosa with shell length between 1.0-1.5 cm (adult) were placed in each sloping earth aquarium (60x80x20 cm) which were already filled with water about 15 cm depth. Five aquaria were used in this study, and one week after being established the water from 4 aquaria was drained while one aquarium was retained with water as a control. The water was replaced in one of dehydrated aquarium each week for four weeks, commencing one week after draining the water. The survival of snails in each aquarium were recorded every two days over a period of 3 months. The results indicated that the mortality rate of adult snails increased as the period of dehydration increased. After four week dehydration only 16% of adult snails survive compared to 68% survival in the control aquarium, and dehydration for 4 weeks prolonged the hatching time of eggs. Moreover, in dehydrated aquaria, the egg masses were deposited in a random pattern on the surface of the soil, whereas in the control aquarium they were laid on the soil-water junction. Â Key words : Dehydration, Lymnaea rubiginosa, survival, fasciolosis

Characterisation of protein antigen from Fasciola gigantica of different age Estuningsih, S Endah; Widjajanti, S
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The protein antigens extracted from adult fluke Fasciola gigantica, 3, 6 and 9 weeks old and newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) were identified using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting techniques. Sera from fat-tailed sheep which artificially infected with the metacercariae of F. gigantica were used for immunoblotting. The results showed that the protein antigen profile of adult fluke, 6 and 9 weeks old flukes had similar. Bands with molecular weight between 24 kDa to 114 kDa. Protein bands with molecular weight <24 kDa and >198 kDa were also detected from the adult fluke. The use of immunoblotting technique, there were two antigenic protein molecules identified from adult fluke, NEJ and 3, 6, and 9 weeks old fluke with the molecular weight 46 kDa and 47 kDa. The protein band with molecular weight >198 kDa shown thicker on the NEJ than that of adult fluke, and 6 and 9 weeks old flukes. The role of protein with molecular weight of 46 and 47 kDa were the interested findings need to be evaluatedfor serological analysis. Â Key words : Protein antigen, Fasciola gigantica, SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting

Immunological responses of sheep against adult worm extract antigen of Fasciola gigantica Widjajanti, S
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Immunological responses of sheep against adult worm extract antigen of Fasciola gigantica were evaluated in an effort to identify the protein antigen for the candidate of vaccine. In this study the protein antigen from adult worms was extracted, and the extract antigen was then intramuscularly injected into 4 groups of 5 sheep. Two groups received one injection, these included one group injected only with extract antigen and the other group injected with extract antigen emulsified in Quil A adjuvant. The other two groups received two injections with a two week interval, these included one group injected only with extract antigen and the other group injected with extract antigen emulsified in Quil A adjuvant. Three weeks later all of the sheep were challenged with 300 metacercariae of F. gigantica. The antibody titer was monitored every two weeks by using ELISA and the protein profile from each group was compared by using western blotting. Fifteen weeks after challenged all of the sheep were killed and the liver flukes were collected from the liver and counted. The results showed that the antibody titer was higher in the group which received two injections, and the additional of Quil A adjuvant gave much better protection from the infection of F. gigantica (57%) and could avoid the death of the sheep than twice injection of antigen without Quil A adjuvant (37%). Â Key words : Fasciolosis, Fasciola gigantica, protein antigen, antibody responses, vaccine

Comparative studies of resistance on Indonesian Thin Tail (ITT) sheep, St. Croix, merino and the crossbreed of ITT and St. Croix, against the infection of Fasciola gigantica Widjajanti, S; Estuningsih, S.E; Partoutomo, S; Roberts, J.A; Spithill, T.W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 3 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

resistance is heritable. In order to re-evaluate this evidence, 20 ITT sheep were infected with 350 metacercariae of F. gigantica and for comparison, 10 St. Croix sheep, 10 Merino sheep and 20 crossbred of ITT x St. Croix sheep were also infected with the same dose of metacercariae. The results showed that ITT sheep was highly resistant than the other breed, whereas St. Croix and Merino sheep were susceptible. 60% of the crossbred were as resistant as ITT sheep and the other 40% were as susceptible as the St. Croix sheep. Thus, it is proposed that there might be a hereditary resistance factor such as a dominant gene which inducing the mechanism of resistance in ITT sheep, and there is some indication that IgG2 might act as a blocking antibody that interferes the mechanism of resistance. Â Key words : ITT sheep, Fasciola gigantica, genetic resistance, dominant gene

In vitro killing assays of antisera antibody sheep post-infected with Fasciola gigantica with the presence of macrophages cells against homologous and heterologous liver flukes Estuningsih, S.E; Widjajanti, S; Partoutomo, S; Spithill, T.W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 3 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The previous artificial infection known that the Indonesian Thin Tail (ITT) sheep was resistance against the liver fluke of Fasciola gigantica, the resistances occurred in the early infection. In order to observe the immune resistance, some in vitro studies were undertaken in the laboratory, to assay the ability of the antisera antibody of ITT sheep post-infected with F. gigantica, with the presence of macrophages cells in killing the homologous and heterologous liver flukes. The viability of liver flukes were observed within 24-72 hours of incubation period by observing their motility (motile flukes were designated live and non-motile once were death). The results showed that after 72 hours incubation, the motilities of the Newly Excysted Juvenile (NEJ) of F. gigantica incubated with the presence of post-infected sera and macrophages cells solution were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of normal sheep sera. On the contrary, the post-infected sera and macrophages cells solution did not reduce the motilities of the NEJ of F. hepatica, and the death of these flukes were not significantly reduced (P >0.05). It seems that the occurrence of homologous antibody to the antigens is very important in the development of killing mechanism. The absence of homologous antibody did not reduce the number of flukes or the ability of macrophages cells in killing F. hepatica was not apparent. Â Key words : In vitro studies, ITT sheep, macrophages cells, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciola hepatica

The immune responses on cattle and buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica before and after treatment Estuningsih, S.E; Widjajanti, S; ., Suhardono
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 4 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The immune responses of cattle and buffaloes against the infection of liver flukes Fasciola gigantica were observed by ELISA. Six cattle and 6 buffaloes were infected orally with 700 metacercariae of F. gigantica, 2 cattle and 2 buffaloes were remained uninfected as control animals. Serum blood samples were collected weekly and the antibody levels were monitored before and after treatment. The results showed that the antibody level on cattle increased after 2 weeks post-infection, then gradually increased until reaching the peak at II weeks after infection. In the contrary, the antibody level on buffaloes appeared slower than on cattle, it increased after 13 weeks of infection and reach the peak at 25 weeks after infection. When the antibodylevels reach the peak, both groups of infected animals were treated with triclabendazole. After treatment, the antibody level oncattle was immediately decreased at one week of treatment, and gradually decreased up to the lowest antibody level at 7 weeks after treatment. The response of the treatment on buffaloes showed almost similar pattern, the antibody level decreased after one week of treatment, then remained constant for about 4 weeks, and reach the lowest antibody level at 7 weeks after treatment. It is concluded that the immune responses against the infection of F. gigantica in cattle and buffaloes are different, but the response of the treatment with triclabendazole are similar. Â Key words: Fasciola gigantica, cattle, buffaloes, antibody levels, triclabendazole

The effect of the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica infestation on the leucocyte eosinophil cell profile on sheep S Widjajanti; S.E Estuningsih; Subandriyo .; D Piedrafita; H.W Raadsma
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 3 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Eosinophil is one of the major leucocyte cell in the blood which specifically reacted on parasite infection, thus it is important to determine its profile against the F. gigantica infection. The aims of this study is to determine the differences of the eosinophil count profiles on the different breed of sheep infected with F. gigantica and its relation with the resistance of sheep bred against parasitic disease. Four groups of sheep consist of Indonesian Thin Tail (ITT) sheep, Merino sheep, backcross sheep (10 families) and F2 sheep were infected with 300 metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica. The total sheep used in this trial is 621. Those sheep were observed for 12 weeks and the blood samples were collected every 2 weeks after infection. The results showed that total eosinophil counts in all infected sheep increased after two weeks post infection and ITT sheep showed the highest counts. On the other hand, the mean fluke counts on ITT sheep is the lowest compared with the other groups of sheep. Merino and F2 sheep had the highest mean fluke counts. Three families of backcross sheep had the mean flukes count similar to ITT sheep and the other 7 families were similar to the Merino sheep. In conclusion, the highest total eosinophil count at the early stage of infection on ITT sheep might be related with the genetic resistance, which was showed by the lowest flukes count, and the resistance was inherited to some of the backcross sheep, which had similar flukes count with ITT sheep. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, eosinophil, sheep

Studies on the survival and development of field-caught snail Lymnaea rubiginosa in the laboratory S Widjajanti
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 3 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Lymnaea rubiginosa was collected from two habitats in order to observe their survival and growth rate including their egg production, hatching time and the time they needed to reach maturity. One of the habitat is rice fields in Bogor (subdistricts of Ciomas and Ciampea) and the other is a pond in Bogor Botanical Garden. In the laboratory those snails were kept in separate aquarium and grouped according to their shell length. The result showed that the longer the snail length the shorter their survival rate and less egg production. Moreover, the snails collected from rice fields were infected with Echinostoma sp. And Chaetogaster sp., while the snails from the pond were only infected with Chaetogaster sp. The hatching time is between 10-14 days, and to reach maturity, with shell length about 1 cm, they need about 6 weeks. Key words : Lymnaea rubiginosa, survival, growth rate, fasciolosis

The immune responses on cattle and buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica before and after treatment S.E Estuningsih; S Widjajanti; Suhardono .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 4, No 4 (1999): DECEMBER 1999
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The immune responses of cattle and buffaloes against the infection of liver flukes Fasciola gigantica were observed by ELISA. Six cattle and 6 buffaloes were infected orally with 700 metacercariae of F. gigantica, 2 cattle and 2 buffaloes were remained uninfected as control animals. Serum blood samples were collected weekly and the antibody levels were monitored before and after treatment. The results showed that the antibody level on cattle increased after 2 weeks post-infection, then gradually increased until reaching the peak at II weeks after infection. In the contrary, the antibody level on buffaloes appeared slower than on cattle, it increased after 13 weeks of infection and reach the peak at 25 weeks after infection. When the antibodylevels reach the peak, both groups of infected animals were treated with triclabendazole. After treatment, the antibody level oncattle was immediately decreased at one week of treatment, and gradually decreased up to the lowest antibody level at 7 weeks after treatment. The response of the treatment on buffaloes showed almost similar pattern, the antibody level decreased after one week of treatment, then remained constant for about 4 weeks, and reach the lowest antibody level at 7 weeks after treatment. It is concluded that the immune responses against the infection of F. gigantica in cattle and buffaloes are different, but the response of the treatment with triclabendazole are similar. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, cattle, buffaloes, antibody levels, triclabendazole

The estimation of Lymnaea rubiginosa and other freshwater snails populations in the rice fields and pond in Bogor, West Java S Widjajanti
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 2 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The effect of feeding supplement and anthelmintic treatments on the establishment of parasites and the performances of lambs was studied in 24 St . Croix x Local Sumatra Crosses infected with Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) . The study consisted of a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement involving two levels of supplement (1 .6% and 0.5% body weight ) and two levels of larval infection (0 and 3,000 L3 initial dose followed by a 1,000 L3-weekly dose) .The supplement x infection interaction was significant (P< 0.0001) on the egg counts and total serum proteins, but not on the PCV values (P>0.10) . The interaction was resulted from the shift in the magnitude of difference between supplement or between infection level and not by the shift in the rank between treatments . The 1 .6% body weight (BW) group had lower (P<0.0001) mean egg count than the 0.5% BW group (1,588 vs. 7,880) . Consistently, the blood PCV value and total serum proteins of lambs receiving 1 .6% BW supplement were higher (P<0.0001) than the 0.5% BW supplement group (28 .3 vs . 23 .8 and 5 .2 vs . 4.6, respectively) . Infection resulted in decreased feed and nitrogen (N) intake, but had no effect on fecal-N (P>0.0001). N-excretion (fecal-N + Urine-N) was not altered (P>0.10) by Haemonchus infection, but N-retention decreased in infected lambs due to a reduction in N intake . The effect of supplement and Haemonchus infection was significant (P<0.0001) on daily gain . Lambs on the 1 .6% BW supplement group grew faster than on the 0.5% BW supplement group whether they were infected or not . Infected lamb receiving 0.5% BW supplement lost weight during the experiment . It is concluded that an approach that combines the use of anthelmintics and supplement could ameliorate the influence of gastro-intestinal parasites on the performances of lambs, and reduces the intensity of using anthelmintics in controlling the parasites . Key words : Supplement, anthelmintics, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

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