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Korelasi Faktor Usia, Cara Minum, dan Dosis Obat Metformin terhadap Risiko Efek Samping pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Riwu, Magdarita; Subarnas, Anas; Lestari, Keri
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 4, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (324.662 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2015.4.3.151

Abstract

Metformin merupakan obat antidiabetes oral yang umumnya direkomendasikan sebagai pengobatan lini pertama pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 apabila kadar glukosa darah tidak terkontrol dengan modifikasi gaya hidup. Pada penggunaan metformin sebagai kontrol glikemia sering terjadi reaksi obat yang merugikan (ROM) berupa gangguan gastrointestinal seperti diare, mual, dan perut kembung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi faktor usia, cara minum, dan dosis metformin terhadap risiko efek samping gangguan gastrointestinal pada penderita rawat jalan BPJS Kesehatan yang baru terdiagnosis diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSAU Dr. M. Salamun Bandung. Penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan dari bagian poliklinik penyakit dalam, rekam medis, dan form check penderita yang mendapat pengobatan dengan metformin yang dilakukan sejak April–Juni 2014. Jumlah penderita yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian sebanyak 65 orang dengan rentang usia rata-rata 48 tahun. Keluhan efek samping yang dialami penderita berupa kembung (58,46%) dan mual (41,54%). Cara minum dan dosis metformin berkorelasi terhadap risiko efek samping berupa mual dan kembung pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 (p<0,05) sedangkan faktor usia tidak berkorelasi (p>0,05). Penggunaan metformin dianjurkan sesudah makan dan dengan dosis awal rendah yang dititrasi perlahan untuk mengurangi dan menghindari terjadinya efek samping mual dan perut kembung pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus tipe 2, efek samping, metforminThe Correlation of Age Factor, Administration, and Metformin Dose Against Risk of Side Effect on Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMetformin is an antidiabetic oral medicine commonly recommended as first line treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin can caused drug related problems (DRPs) such as gastrointestinal disorders, e.g. diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence. This study aimed to analyze correlation profiles on age, administration, and metformin dosage factors against risk of gastrointestinal disorders among newlydiagnosed diabetic outpatients of National Health Insurance in RSAU Dr. M. Salamun Bandung. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional method. The study was carried out in the internal medicine outpatient clinic and data were extracted from patients medical records from April to June 2014. Metformin-treated patients were interviewed using a form check. The number of patients were 65 with the median rate was 48 years old. Side effect reported were flatulence (58.46%) and nausea (41.54%). Administration and metformin dosage factors were correlated to the risk of side effects such as nausea and flatulence on type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0.05), while age was not correlated (p>0.05). The administration of metformin is recommended after meals and with a lower initial dose titrated slowly to reduce and avoid the side effects of nausea and flatulence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Metformin, side effect, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Korelasi Faktor Usia, Cara Minum, dan Dosis Obat Metformin terhadap Risiko Efek Samping pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Magdarita Riwu; Anas Subarnas; Keri Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 4, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8009.124 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2015.4.3.151

Abstract

Metformin merupakan obat antidiabetes oral yang umumnya direkomendasikan sebagai pengobatan lini pertama pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 apabila kadar glukosa darah tidak terkontrol dengan modifikasi gaya hidup. Pada penggunaan metformin sebagai kontrol glikemia sering terjadi reaksi obat yang merugikan (ROM) berupa gangguan gastrointestinal seperti diare, mual, dan perut kembung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi faktor usia, cara minum, dan dosis metformin terhadap risiko efek samping gangguan gastrointestinal pada penderita rawat jalan BPJS Kesehatan yang baru terdiagnosis diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSAU Dr. M. Salamun Bandung. Penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan dari bagian poliklinik penyakit dalam, rekam medis, dan form check penderita yang mendapat pengobatan dengan metformin yang dilakukan sejak April–Juni 2014. Jumlah penderita yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian sebanyak 65 orang dengan rentang usia rata-rata 48 tahun. Keluhan efek samping yang dialami penderita berupa kembung (58,46%) dan mual (41,54%). Cara minum dan dosis metformin berkorelasi terhadap risiko efek samping berupa mual dan kembung pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 (p<0,05) sedangkan faktor usia tidak berkorelasi (p>0,05). Penggunaan metformin dianjurkan sesudah makan dan dengan dosis awal rendah yang dititrasi perlahan untuk mengurangi dan menghindari terjadinya efek samping mual dan perut kembung pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus tipe 2, efek samping, metforminThe Correlation of Age Factor, Administration, and Metformin Dose Against Risk of Side Effect on Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMetformin is an antidiabetic oral medicine commonly recommended as first line treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin can caused drug related problems (DRPs) such as gastrointestinal disorders, e.g. diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence. This study aimed to analyze correlation profiles on age, administration, and metformin dosage factors against risk of gastrointestinal disorders among newlydiagnosed diabetic outpatients of National Health Insurance in RSAU Dr. M. Salamun Bandung. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional method. The study was carried out in the internal medicine outpatient clinic and data were extracted from patients medical records from April to June 2014. Metformin-treated patients were interviewed using a form check. The number of patients were 65 with the median rate was 48 years old. Side effect reported were flatulence (58.46%) and nausea (41.54%). Administration and metformin dosage factors were correlated to the risk of side effects such as nausea and flatulence on type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0.05), while age was not correlated (p>0.05). The administration of metformin is recommended after meals and with a lower initial dose titrated slowly to reduce and avoid the side effects of nausea and flatulence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Metformin, side effect, type 2 diabetes mellitus
PENYULUHAN MENGENAI PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGOBATAN MALARIA DI DESA CAMPLONG, KABUPATEN KUPANG, NTT Lidia, Kartini; Setianingrum, Elisabeth Levina Sari; Riwu, Magdarita; Lada, Christina Olly; Pasa, Irene Rosario Mala; Pakaenoni, Agnes Tiara Maharani D.; Stevanovic, Claudio; Suryanta, Andrie; Wibawa, Krisanty Lintang
Jurnal Media Tropika Vol 3 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Media Tropika
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/mediatropika.v3i2.11200

Abstract

Malaria is one of the parasitic infectious diseases that is still a world health problem, especially in tropical countries including Indonesia. Malaria is still one of the causes of death in both adults and children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) malaria report in 2020, the estimated number of malaria cases in the world in 2019 reached 229 million cases in 87 malaria-endemic countries, down from 238 million in 2000. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health regarding the achievement of Malaria Elimination Districts / Cities shows that Indonesia's Annual Paracite Incidence (API) rate in 2020 reached 0.87. Data from the 2021 NTT Malaria Report from the NTT Provincial Health Office shows that in 2021, the number of positive malaria cases in NTT Province was 9,419 cases with an API of 1.72 per 1000 population and 10 cases of death due to malaria. In addition, in 2021 there are 14 districts/cities in NTT classified as low endemic areas, and there are still 3 districts/cities classified as high endemic areas with the dominant species being plasmodium falciparum. Kupang Regency is one of the areas targeted for malaria elimination in 2020. Camplong Village, Fatuleu District, is included in Kupang Regency which is the target of elimination in 2022. Aims and objectives: Increase awareness of the people of Camplong village on the dangers of malaria, malaria prevention and treatment so that the 2030 NTT malaria elimination target can be achieved. Method of implementation of activities: Counseling and treatment Output indicators produced: The implementation of counseling for the community in the Camplong Village area of Hamlet 2 totaling 88 residents consisting of 45 women and 43 men. Conclusion: The activities of malaria counseling and treatment services in Camplong village 2 hamlet 2 RT 5,6,7 are one of the programs that can provide benefits to the community, namely increasing knowledge about malaria, how to prevent and treat malaria. This is very important to improve the health of the Camplong community while helping the malaria elimination program carried out by the government. Similar activities must continue to be carried out and in collaboration with local Puskesmas so that the target of malaria elimination in 2030 for Kupang district in particular and Indonesia in general can be achieved.
Activity Test of Anti-Dandruff Shampoo Preparation of Fragrant Pandan Leaf Extract (Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb.) Against the fungus Malassezia Furfur Arini Aprili Pallo; Prisca Deviani Pakan; Desi Indriarini; Magdarita Riwu
Journal of Comprehensive Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Comprehensive Science
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jcs.v5i2.4022

Abstract

Dandruff is a scalp disorder caused by Malassezia furfur fungus, often treated with anti-dandruff shampoos. However, synthetic active ingredients in such shampoos may cause side effects like scalp irritation, dryness, or allergies. As an alternative, herbal formulations using fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.), known for their antifungal properties, can be developed. The objective of this study was to determine and analyze the best Fragrant pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaf extract shampoo formulation and its antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. The type of research conducted was a true experimental study with a Post-Test Only Control Group Design. In this study, there were treatment groups given a shampoo preparation of fragrant pandanus leaf extract at concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70%, a negative control group of a shampoo base, and a positive control group of a shampoo containing 1% selenium sulfide under the brand name Selsun. The analysis used was the One-Way ANOVA test. The shampoo preparation of fragrant pandanus leaf extract demonstrated antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur, with inhibition zones obtained at a 30% concentration (15.83 mm), 50% concentration (18.68 mm), 70% concentration (21.89 mm), positive control (21.36 mm), and negative control (0 mm). The 70% Fragrant pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaf extract shampoo preparation is the best formulation because it exhibits optimal physical characteristics and produces the greatest inhibition against Malassezia furfur.
Hubungan Letak Hemiparesis Dengan Derajat Depresi Pada Penderita Stroke Non Hemoragik di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang Christiano Yeheskiel Legoh; Herman Pieter Louis Wungouw; Magdarita Riwu; Dwita Anastasia Deo
Journal of Comprehensive Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Comprehensive Science
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jcs.v5i3.4103

Abstract

Stroke non hemoragik merupakan gangguan neurologis akibat sumbatan aliran darah otak yang sering menimbulkan hemiparesis sebagai gejala sisa. Kondisi kelemahan satu sisi tubuh ini tidak hanya berdampak pada fungsi fisik, tetapi juga berkontribusi terhadap gangguan psikologis seperti depresi. Perbedaan hasil penelitian sebelumnya mengenai kecenderungan depresi berdasarkan letak hemiparesis mendorong dilakukannya penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan letak hemiparesis dengan derajat depresi pada penderita stroke non hemoragik di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 46 responden yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Derajat depresi diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Koefisien Kontingensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden mengalami depresi derajat sedang (37%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara letak hemiparesis dengan derajat depresi (p=0,009; p<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa letak hemiparesis berhubungan secara bermakna dengan tingkat keparahan depresi pada pasien stroke non hemoragik, sehingga diperlukan perhatian multidisiplin dalam penanganan aspek fisik dan psikologis pasien.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Star Fruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Michellin Elsen; Desi Indria Rini; Magdarita Riwu; Carolin Wijaya
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11238

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal flora bacteria on the skin that can cause opportunistic infections. Generally, this infection is treated using antibiotics, but improper use of antibiotics can cause the onset of antibiotic resistance, so the development of natural antibacterial research with plant materials is one of the alternatives to reduce the incidence of resistance. A traditional medicinal plant is the leaves of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of the extract from star fruit leaves on Staphylococcus epidermidis. The type of research used is a true experimental design with a post-test only control group design. The treatment group in this study consisted of concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, with a positive control of clindamycin at a dose of 2 μg and a negative control of sterile aquadest which was carried out 3 times for each test group. The antibacterial test method is carried out by the disc diffusion method. The data analysis used is the One Way Anova statistical test. Star fruit leaf extract contains alkaloid compounds, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids. There is antibacterial activity of star fruit leaf extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The inhibition zone was produced at various concentrations of 100% (⌀ 15.14 mm), 50% (⌀ 14.06 mm), 25% (⌀ 13.75 mm), 12.5% (⌀ 12.01 mm), 6.25% (⌀ 10.55 mm), and 3.12% (⌀ 9.03 mm). Starfruit leaf extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Association of Patient Characteristics and Polypharmacy with the Potential for Drug Interactions among Hypertensive Patients at Bakunase Community Health Center Agatha Febryani Charmy Tanggung; Magdarita Riwu; Cahyani Purnasari; Syahrir Syahrir
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12884

Abstract

Chronic hypertension frequently has comorbidities, necessitating the use of several drugs (polypharmacy), which raises the possibility of drug interactions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy, potential drug interactions, and the association between patient characteristics, polypharmacy, and potential drug interactions among hypertensive patients at Bakunase Primary Health Center. 572 hypertensive patients' medical data from January to December 2025 were used in this analytical observational study, which used a retrospective cross-sectional approach. Drugs.com® and Medscape® were used to identify potential drug interactions, and the Chi-square test was used to evaluate the results. According to the findings, 32.3% of patients had polypharmacy and 63.7% of patients had possible drug interactions. While polypharmacy was substantially linked to possible drug interactions (p = 0.001), age was significantly linked to both polypharmacy and potential drug interactions (p = 0.003). We conclude that among hypertension patients, age and polypharmacy are strongly linked to a higher likelihood of possible medication interactions.  
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Ibu dalam Pemberian Zink pada Balita Diare Diva Mayjesti Osborn Seubelan; Magdarita Riwu; Nurul Fatmawati Pua Upa; Audrey Gracelia Riwu
Health Research Journal of Indonesia Vol 4 No 6 (2026): Health Research Journal of Indonesia
Publisher : CV. Wadah Publikasi Cendekia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63004/hrji.v4i6.1607

Abstract

Diare masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama pada balita. Pemberian zink selama sepuluh hari direkomendasikan sebagai pengobatan diare, namun kepatuhan ibu dalam memberikan zink sesuai anjuran masih menjadi tantangan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu dalam pemberian zink pada balita yang mengalami diare di UPTD. Puskesmas Sikumana. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 31 ibu balita diare dan dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact Test, dan Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 18 responden (58,1%) tidak patuh, sedangkan 13 responden (41,9%) patuh dalam pemberian zink. Pengetahuan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kepatuhan ibu (p=0,013). Sebaliknya, usia (p=0,875), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,271), jumlah anak (p=0,676), status pekerjaan (p=0,470), akses pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,275), status ekonomi (p=0,137), sikap (p=0,245), dukungan keluarga (p=1,000), dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan (p=0,493) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Sebagian besar ibu belum patuh terhadap anjuran pemberian zink, dan pengetahuan ibu merupakan faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan tersebut.
Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Pengobatan Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Bakunase Kota Kupang Kristina Lanta; Magdarita Riwu; Nurul Fatmawati Pua Upa; Matias Nataniel Kolobani
Health Research Journal of Indonesia Vol 4 No 6 (2026): Health Research Journal of Indonesia
Publisher : CV. Wadah Publikasi Cendekia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63004/hrji.v4i6.1597

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan pengobatan jangka panjang. Hasil Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi di Nusa Tenggara Timur sebesar 28,2%, sedangkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Kupang 2023 mencapai 59,6%. Keberhasilan pengendalian hipertensi bergantung pada kepatuhan pengobatan, namun ketidakpatuhan masih terjadi dan meningkatkan risiko komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Bakunase Kota Kupang. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional ini menggunakan 92 responden melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan Kuesioner. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact, Fisher Exact, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden sebanyak 48 orang (52,2%) termasuk kategori patuh dan 44 orang (47,8%) termasuk kategori tidak patuh. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa komorbiditas, sikap, tingkat pengetahuan, dan motivasi diri bepengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan (p < 0,05). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat, hanya motivasi diri (OR = 16,6; 95% CI : 2,76 –99,71; p = 0,002) paling berhubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan pasien hipertensi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya peningkatan motivasi pasien melalui edukasi dan pendampingan berkelanjutan.
Analisis Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Lansia Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Puskesmas Sikumana Fiyona Geraldine Nalle; Magdarita Riwu; Cahyani Purnasari; Syahrir
Health Research Journal of Indonesia Vol 4 No 6 (2026): Health Research Journal of Indonesia
Publisher : CV. Wadah Publikasi Cendekia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63004/hrji.v4i6.1638

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang banyak diderita lansia dan berisiko tinggi menimbulkan komplikasi. Keberhasilan terapi DM sangat bergantung pada kepatuhan minum obat, sedangkan ketidakpatuhan dapat memperburuk kondisi kesehatan pasien. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian mengenai faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien lansia DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sikumana. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien lansia DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sikumana, meliputi faktor demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama terdiagnosis, dan penyakit penyerta) pengetahuan, dan dukungan keluarga. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional pada 91 responden yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner demografi, DKQ, MARS-5, dan HDFSS, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square/Fisher's Exact Test. Hasil: Sebanyak 57 responden (62,6%) tidak patuh dan 34 responden (37,4%) patuh minum obat. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara usia (p=1,000), jenis kelamin (p=0,364), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,192), lama terdiagnosis (p=0,393), penyakit penyerta (p=0,647), dan pengetahuan (p=0,499) dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Sebaliknya, dukungan keluarga menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan minum obat (p=0,022). Simpulan: Dukungan keluarga merupakan satu-satunya faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat pasien lansia DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sikumana.