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Natural Theology and its Relevance to Religious Pluralism in Indonesia David Kristanto; Daniel Runtuwene; Mozes Lawalata; Herman Poroe
Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat Vol 6, No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Simpson Ungaran

Natural theology is an underdeveloped theological theme in the recent Indonesian theological scholarship. That fact is unfortunate considering the significance of the topic to the context of religious pluralism in Indonesia. Natural theology is interdisciplinary and interreligious in nature; thus, it might open scholarly discussion for scholars from many disciplines with diverse religious backgrounds. Using a systematic theology approach, this articleargues that developing natural theology could keep balance for Christian emphasis on general and special revelation that might lead toward the enrichment of the Christian faith.

Dampak Pemuridan Organik terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Usia 10-24 Tahun dalam Menggunakan IPTEK Masa Kini Sokhitohugo Ndruru; Margarita D.I. Ottu; Hetti Ratna; Mozes Lawalata
DUNAMOS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Dunamos (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Happy Family

Pemuridan organik dalam keluarga Kristen merupakan suatu langkah tepat untuk mencapai tujuan mulia di tengah keluarga Kristen yang sudah dimulai dan dibangun di dalam Kristus. Masa remaja merupakan periode terjadinya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat baik secara fisik, psikologis maupun intelektual. Sifat khas remaja mempunyai rasa ingin tahu yang besar, menyukai petualangan dan tantangan serta cenderung berani menanggung risiko atas perbuatannya tanpa didahului oleh pertimbangan yang matang. Apabila keputusan yang diambil dalam menghadapi konflik tidak tepat, mereka akan jatuh ke dalam perilaku berisiko dan mungkin harus menanggung akibat jangka pendek dan jangka panjang dalam berbagai masalah kesehatan fisik dan psikososial. Adapun tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk keterlibatan orang tua dalam mengoptimalkan pemuridan organik untuk kesehatan reproduksi anak-anak remaja usia 10-24 tahun terhadap penggunaan IPTEK masa kini. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang tidak terlepas dari studi pustaka. Tanggung jawab orang tua dalam memberikan pelayanan pemuridan secara organik di rumah terhadap pendidikan anak-anak remaja penting terus dilakukan, dan hendaknya juga tidak melupakan perhatian terhadap kesehatan reproduksi yang tidak kalah sangat penting.

MEMPERSIAPKAN PENATUA SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG PELAYANAN DI GEREJA KRISTEN SETIA INDONESIA JEMAAT ISA ALMASIH TAMAN MINI Jonidius Illu; Mozes Lawalata; Yeremia Hia; Sandra Rosiana Tapilaha
Jurnal PKM Setiadharma Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal PkM Setiadharma
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47457/jps.v3i3.292

Some of the main issues that will be discussed in this paper include: 1) there is an assumption from the congregation that the ministry is only the pastor's job because he has attended special lessons in theological colleges; 2) the role of elders is not optimal because the pastor of the church does not prepare them through coaching; 3) elders do not carry out their duties to the fullest because they do not understand. The purpose of the research is to provide an understanding that the ministry's task is not only carried out by the pastor of the church, that's why it is necessary to prepare coaching for prospective elders to provide support for the ministry. Involving elders needs to start with coaching to understand God's Word and their ministry role. The method used is lectures and training with the hope that it can provide an understanding to the prospective assemblies that service is also their responsibility.

Metode Mengajar Guru Sekolah Minggu Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Ayu Lestari; Riste Tioma Silaen; Mozes Lawalata
Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Agustus : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/sinarkasih.v1i3.165

The teaching method is a method used by a Sunday school teacher in teaching, guiding, advising and directing Sunday school children in understanding the word or works of God by using ICT. However, in reality, Sunday school teachers do not make use of ICT in organizing teaching and learning activities, even though they already understand that ICT greatly supports or helps the child's level of mastery of subject matter as a tool for achieving teaching and learning goals. In this study, the steps taken by the author to examine the literature search method. Literature search includes searching from various sources of literature from magazines, books and other sources to facilitate research, the method is to find material related to the discussion of this article, both physically and digitally or manually. Thus, so that learning can be effective and not boring, Sunday school teachers are required to be able to use ICT as a learning method when teaching. So in this case the Sunday school teacher will find it easier to provide learning as well as children will find it easier to capture and understand learning, not get bored in learning, and will have an interest and curiosity in the lessons being studied. The use of ICT as a teaching method for Sunday school teachers will generate new desires and interests for children and the media can control the pace of learning and provide a comprehensive experience for children from concrete and abstract things. So, teaching methods using information and communication technology will have a major influence or impact on learning outcomes with the desired goals.

Soteriologi Paulus dan Tantangan Gereja Kontemporer: Telaah Teologis dan Implementasinya bagi Umat Kristen Masa Kini Mozes Lawalata
KHARISMATA: Jurnal Teologi Pantekosta Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Alkitab Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47167/4nbbeb89

The doctrine of salvation (soteriology) constitutes the central focus of preaching and teaching within the New Testament, particularly in the writings of the Apostle Paul. A robust and accurate understanding of salvation carries profound theological implications for both the church and individual believers. Nevertheless, this doctrine has often been subject to distortion in both its conceptual formulation and practical application. Certain churches are inclined toward legalism, while others fall into antinomianism, thereby neglecting the ethical demands of the gospel. This study seeks to examine Pauline soteriology through a theological lens and to assess its continuing relevance for contemporary Christian life and practice. The research employs a qualitative literature review of theological and biblical scholarship that centers on Paul’s epistles. In addition, an exegetical methodology is utilized to interpret selected key passages, specifically from Romans, Galatians, and Ephesians, in order to elucidate Paul’s understanding of salvation. The findings indicate that salvation is grounded in the unmerited grace of God, appropriated through faith in Christ, independent of human works, and inherently involves the transformation of life through the agency of the Holy Spirit. Misrepresentation of this doctrine may result in significant deviations within ecclesial life, manifesting either as rigid legalism or as an abuse of Christian freedom. Consequently, the church must intentionally cultivate a biblically grounded soteriological framework that fosters both theological soundness and consistent ethical living. The study concludes that Pauline soteriology remains theologically indispensable and practically pertinent in addressing the doctrinal and ministerial challenges confronting the contemporary church. Doktrin keselamatan (soteriologi) merupakan inti pemberitaan dan pengajaran Perjanjian Baru, khususnya dalam tulisan Rasul Paulus. Pemahaman yang benar mengenai keselamatan berdampak besar bagi gereja dan umat Kristen. Namun, doktrin ini kerap mengalami distorsi, baik secara konseptual maupun praktis. Beberapa gereja cenderung jatuh dalam legalisme, sementara yang lain terjebak dalam antinomianisme yang mengabaikan dimensi etis Injil. Artikel ini mengkaji soteriologi Paulus secara teologis dan mengevaluasi relevansinya bagi umat Kristen masa kini. Tema-tema utama diidentifikasi melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap karya teologis dan biblikal yang berfokus pada surat-surat Paulus. Metode analisis eksegetis digunakan untuk menafsirkan teks-teks kunci, seperti Roma, Galatia, dan Efesus, guna menelusuri pemahaman Paulus tentang keselamatan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa keselamatan berakar pada anugerah Allah, diterima melalui iman kepada Kristus, bukan perbuatan manusia, dan mencakup pembaruan hidup oleh karya Roh Kudus. Distorsi terhadap doktrin ini dapat memicu penyimpangan, baik dalam bentuk legalisme maupun kebebasan yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Karena itu, gereja perlu menanamkan pemahaman soteriologis yang sehat, berakar pada ajaran Alkitab, dan membentuk kehidupan etis yang konsisten.

DYOTHELITISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF JOHN CALVIN: ANALISIS THEOLOGIS TERHADAP KONSEP DUALITAS KEHENDAK KRISTUS Mozes Lawalata
Manna Rafflesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v12i1.581

Dyothelitism is the doctrine that teaches that in Christ there are two different wills, the divine will and the human will. History records that this doctrine has sparked a very long theological debate among Christians, especially between the Monophysites and the Nestorians. Starting from this fact, through this article, the author will analyse the doctrine of dyothelitism in the perspective of John Calvin, namely analysing how Calvin interpreted and integrated the two wills of Christ in the Christological framework he built, as well as its doctrinal implications for the church today. This research uses a qualitative method with a historical-theological approach, referring to Calvin's works, especially Institutio Christianae Religionis, as well as the results of the Council of Constantinople III (681 AD) which confirmed Dyothelitism as an orthodox doctrine. The analysis shows that the duality of Christ's will not only maintains the balance between His divine and human natures, but also has a significant impact on the understanding of Christian soteriology and spirituality. The article also shows that dyothelitism not only maintains the integrity of Christ's nature as both God and man, but also ensures the effectiveness of His work of salvation. By understanding this concept, the church can more fully appreciate the mystery of the Incarnation and the redemptive work of Christ.

Studi Biblika Otoritas Penciptaan terhadap Era Rekayasa Gender Nikarni Zai; Mozes Lawalata
Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.602

This article explores the authority of creation from a biblical perspective, focusing on the phenomenon of gender engineering as an ethical and theological challenge in the modern era. The study is grounded in the Christian belief that the human body is a creation of God, endowed with sacred value, divine dignity, and spiritual purpose. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, this research integrates insights from theology, medical science, and sociology. Its aim is to provide profound theological reflections on bodily modification in light of Christian values and to formulate an ethical framework to help Christians navigate these complex developments. The findings reveal that gender engineering creates a paradox between human freedom and divine authority. Extensive bodily modifications may be seen as violations of the sanctity of the body and the sovereignty of God. Within Christian thought, the human body is not merely a physical entity but a dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, thus requiring deep respect for its dignity. This study offers a significant contribution by presenting a biblically grounded ethical guide to help Christians understand and respond to the moral challenges posed by advances in modern medical technology.

ROH KUDUS SEBAGAI “METERAI－JAMINAN” DALAM EFESUS 1:13-14 SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI SOTERIOLOGI KRISTEN Bruno Ikun Anen; Mozes Lawalata
BONAFIDE: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Vol 7 No 1(2026)
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI INJILI SETIA SIAU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46558/bonafide.v7i1.488

The Holy Spirit is a divine person who plays a vital role in all biblical evidence. Since creation, the Spirit of God has been present and actively working in shaping and sustaining creation according to God's will (Genesis 1:2). In the Old Testament, the Spirit of God empowered judges, prophets, and the chosen people to carry out their duties in the plan of salvation, while also providing the basis for the eschatological hope of the renewal of humanity through the outpouring of the Spirit. In the New Testament, the work of the Holy Spirit is increasingly evident through the life and ministry of Jesus Christ, from his birth and baptism to his ministry as the fulfillment of messianic prophecy. In Pauline theology, the Holy Spirit is the core experience of salvation because through the Spirit believers are renewed, freed from the power of sin, and live in fellowship with God. Ephesians 1:13–14 is a key text that affirms that believers are "sealed" with the Holy Spirit, and that the Spirit serves as a "guarantee" of their inheritance of salvation. The term "seal" refers to divine ownership, approval, and protection, while "guarantee" implies an initial payment that guarantees the fulfillment of salvation in the future. However, in contemporary church practice, the meaning of the Holy Spirit as a seal and guarantee is often understood in a limited way, only as a sign of the believer's identity, so that the eschatological dimension and the certainty of salvation are less considered. Therefore, this study examines Ephesians 1:13–14 through a qualitative method with a grammatical-historical exegetical approach within a canonical hermeneutic framework. The results show that the Holy Spirit is a sign of God's ownership of His people as well as a definite guarantee of the perfect fulfillment of salvation in the future. Keywords: Holy Spirit, Seal, Guarantee, Ephesians 1:13–14, Certainty of Salvation, Pneumatology, Soteriology.

KAJIAN TENTANG FIDES ALIENA DAN FIDES PROPRIA Oktofianus Taebenu; Mozes Lawalata
BONAFIDE: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Vol 7 No 1(2026)
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI TEOLOGI INJILI SETIA SIAU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46558/bonafide.v7i1.491

Abstract. This study is motivated by the theological debate concerning infant baptism within the Protestant tradition, particularly between the concept of fides aliena in the Reformed tradition and fides propria in the Anabaptist tradition. The primary issue addressed in this research lies in the differing foundations of faith confession underlying the practice of infant baptism and their implications for the church's understanding of faith, salvation, and the sacraments. This study aims to analyze the theological foundations of these two perspectives, explain the hermeneutical differences that shape them, and formulate their theological and pastoral implications for the contemporary church. The study employs a qualitative research method with a normative-critical theological approach and comparative-conceptual analysis. Data were collected through literature studies of the Bible, confessional documents, works of Reformed and Anabaptist theologians, as well as sources in historical and systematic theology. The findings reveal that the Reformed tradition views infant baptism as a communal sign of God's covenantal grace, whereas the Anabaptist tradition emphasizes baptism based on a conscious personal confession of faith. These differences arise from distinct approaches to hermeneutics, ecclesiology, and covenant theology. This study concludes that the church needs to understand baptism from historical, biblical, and pastoral perspectives in order to foster a dialogical attitude and a more responsible formation of faith. Keywords: Fides Aliena, Fides Propria, Infant Baptism, Reformed Theology, Anabaptism, Sacrament of Baptism

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