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Maruli Tua Baja Sihotang
Telkom University
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Comparative study of low power wide area network based on internet of things for smart city deployment in Bandung city Muhammad Imam Nashiruddin; Maruli Tua Baja Sihotang; Muhammad Ary Murti
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 25, No 1: January 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i1.pp425-439

Abstract

Smart city implementation, such as smart energy and utilities, smart mobility & transportation, smart environment, and smart living in urban areas is expanding rapidly worldwide. However, one of the biggest challenges that need to be solved is the selection of the appropriate internet of things (IoT) connectivity technologies. This research will seek for the best candidate low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies such as long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN), narrow-band internet of things (NB-IoT), and random phase multiple access (RPMA) for IoT smart city deployment in Bandung city is based on IoT network connectivity between with six technical evaluation criteria: gateway requirements, traffic/data projection, the best signal level area distribution, and overlapping zones. Bass model is carried out to determine the capacity forecast. While in coverage prediction, LoRaWAN and NB-IoT use the Okumura-Hata propagation, and Erceg-Greenstein (SUI) model is used for RPMA. Based on the simulation and performance evaluation results, RPMA outperforms LoRaWAN and NB-IoT. It required the least gateway number to cover Bandung city with the best signal levels and overlapping zones.
Proses Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Tongkol Jagung dengan Metode SSF Delignifikasi Basa dan Metode SHF Maruli Tua Baja Sihotang; Suwandi Suwandi; Hartono Adi Bharata
eProceedings of Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2018): Agustus 2018
Publisher : eProceedings of Engineering

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Abstract

Abstrak Bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar nabati yang dihasilkan dari tanaman yang mengandung pati dan limbah biomassa yang mengandung senyawa lignoselulosa. Telah dilakukan penelitian yang menghasilkan etanol dengan menggunakan limbah biomassa yaitu tongkol jagung dengan metode SSF delignifikasi basa (NaOH) dan metode SHF hidrolisis air pH 5,6. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat variasi berat ragi dan variasi lama fermentasi terhadap kadar etanol yang dihasilkan. Sehingga kadar etanol yang dihasilkan dengan metode SSF sebesar 0% (tidak menghasilkan etanol), sedangkan menggunakan metode SHF hidrolisis air pH 5,6 tanpa bahan kimia (NaOH dan HCl) diperoleh hasil kadar etanol yang optimal pada fermentasi 7 hari dengan kadar etanol sebesar 4% dengan pemberian ragi 10 gram. Semakin lama fermentasi menyebabkan ragi menjadi lebih aktif sehingga kadar etanol yang dihasilkan semakin besar. Kata Kunci: Bioetanol Generasi Kedua, Delignifikasi Basa (NaOH), Metode SSF dan Metode SHF. Abstract Bioethanol is a biofuel produced from plants containing starch and biomass waste containing lignocellulose compounds. Research has been done to produce ethanol by using biomass waste that is corncob with SSF method of delignification of base (NaOH) and SHF method of hydrolysis of water pH 5,6. This research was conducted to see the variation of yeast weight and fermentation length variation to ethanol content produced. The process of making bioethanol by SSF method of Basic Delignification (NaOH) and SHF method. So the ethanol content produced by SSF method is 0% (not producing ethanol), while using SHF method hydrolysis with water pH 5.6 without chemicals (NaOH and HCl) obtained the results of optimal ethanol content on fermentation 7 days with ethanol content by 4% with 10 grams of yeast. The longer the fermentation causes the yeast to become more active so that the resulting ethanol content is greater. Key Word: Second Generation of Bioethanol, Base Delignification (NaOH), SSF method and SHF method.
Co-Authors Hartono Adi Bharata Muhammad Ary Murti Muhammad Imam Nashiruddin Suwandi Suwandi