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Journal : Konversi

PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI SAMPAH BUAH DAN SAYUR : PENGARUH VOLATILE SOLID DAN LIMONEN Rukmini, Piyantina
Konversi Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Oktober 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i2.4769

Abstract

Abstrak- Biogas merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang sedang dikembangkan dan sumber energi yang terbarukan. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah kulit jeruk busuk (Citrus sinensia osbeck) dan kobis (Brassica oleracea). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh volatile solid dan limonen terhadap produksi biogas. Penelitian menggunakan erlenmeyer 500 mL sebanyak 6 buah, waterbath, manometer air, dan thermometer. Volume total digester 350 mL. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menghancurkan bahan baku supaya lebih mudah didegradasi oleh bakteri. Oksigen yang bersifat toxic bagi bakteri anaerobik, dapat dihilangkan dengan penambahan N2 dalam digester pada awal operasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada kondisi mesofilik (30 – 400C) selama 50 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada digester yang memiliki VS sama (T1 dan T3 dengan 15% VS, dan T2 dan T4 dengan 20% VS), dengan konsentrasi kulit jeruk/limonen berbeda (T1= 114ppm< T3= 170ppm, dan T2= 152ppm<T4= 225ppm), maka digester dengan konsentrasi kulit jeruk/limonen yang lebih tinggi akan menghasilkan asam asetat lebih tinggi pada setiap minggunya. Akumulasi asam asetat pada fase acethogenesis menyebabkan bakteri methanogen tidak dapat tumbuh dengan optimum pada fase berikutnya (methanogenesis). Pada kondisi yang sama, digester yang memiliki konsentrasi kulit jeruk/limonen yang lebih besar (T1<T3, and T2<T4) akan menghasilkan volume biogas yang lebih besar (T1= 54.963 cm3<T3= 46.372 cm3, T2= 60.314 cm3<T4= 69.191 cm3). Pada konsentrasi kulit jeruk/limonen 114ppm, diperoleh metana dengan kadar 0.1298%V/grVS. Kata kunci: Biogas, digester anaerobic, kulit jeruk, limonen.   Absrtact- Biogas is one of alternative energy resources that is being developed and renewable. The raw material that use were rotten orange (Citrus sinensis osbeck) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea). This research aimed to know influence of volatile solid and limonene the biogas production from fruit and vegetable waste. This research used 6 unit of Erlenmeyer 500 mL, waterbath, water manometer, and thermometer. Total volume of the digester was 350 mL. Adjusment of the pH in the start up was done to make the optimum condition for pH grow of methanogen (6,8 – 7,8). Toxicity of oxygen could be healed by spraying N2 in the digester in the beginning. The research was done under mesophilic conditions (30 – 40)0, during 50 days. The results showed that digester that has same VS (T1 and T2) with 15% VS, T2 and T4 with 20% VS) with different concentration of rotten orange/limonene (T1=114ppm<T3=170ppm, and T2=152ppm<T4=225 ppm), hence digester with higher concentration of orange peel/limonene will produce higher acetic acid every week. Accumulation of acetic acid in acidogenesis phase because of the limonene caused the methanogen bacteria cannot grow in the next phase (methanogenesis). At the same conditions, the volume of biogas that has higher concentration of rotten orange/limonene (T1<T3, and T2<T4) will produce higher accumulation of biogas volume (T1=54.963cm3<T3=46.372 cm3, T2=60.314 cm3<T4=69.191 cm3). At concentration of rotten orange/limonene 114 ppm, would obtain 0.1298%/grVS of methane concentration. Keywords: Biogas, anaerobic digestion, orange peel, limonene
UTILIZATION OF CASSAVA WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLYWOOD ADHESIVE EKSTENDER WITH DEXTRIN (WITH ACID CATALYST) Rukmini, Piyantina
Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4756

Abstract

Abstract- Require of manihot Esculinta Crantz in Indonesia rises in every year as growth of Indonesian people, bioethanol industry,and animal food.  Raw material that use in this research is cassava wastes.  This research aimed to know the utilization of cassava waste,  the  optimum condition  process of  dextrin, and  to know the variable that influent the utilization of cassava waste in the production of adhesive ekstender ( catalyst  concentration and time).  The dekstrin process need beaker glass, stirrer, electric stove with oilbatch heater, thermometer, screening 80 mesh. Cassava wastes  that keep on several days is burned without water  at 800 C for  1 hours.  Then drops  acid catalyst ion the beaker glass  with different  concentration.  Then the temperature is raised until 1100C for 1 hour.  After the drying process, make it cool then screen it in to screener 80 mesh.  The results  show that on the higher concentration of acid, dextrin will get on the higher concentration.  At the certain concentration of acid, dekstrin will not get in the high  concentration.  Maximum efficiency of the concentration of acid  is 0,8 N.  Keeping long  day for  cassava waste can make lower the concentration of dextrin.  The best keeping day is the first day until four day.   Keywords: Cassava waste, dextrin, ekstender, wood adhesion