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Analysis of the Characteristics of SARS-Cov-2 Spike Compared to SARS-Cov Spike and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Infection– A Literature Review Galih Kathleyana; Sihning E.J.T; Diah Purwaningsar; Retno Budiarti
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15753

The spread of COVID-19 that caused by SARS-CoV-2 happened very fast & has infected many people. WHO reported 1,051,635 cases of COVID-19 and 56,985 confirmed deaths caused by COVID-19 as of April 4, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that originates from betacoronavirus together with SARS-CoV.This study aims to find and understand the differences between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV spikes in the infection and the spread of the resulting disease. This is a literature studies obtained from national journal articles indexed by SINTA and international journals indexed by Scimago or Scopus and published in 2015-2020. We concluded that there is a difference between the SARS-CoV-2 spike and the SARS-CoV spike, so that it can affect the spread of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 has a furin cleavage site that absent in SARS-CoV. The existence of this furin cleavage site can help the activation and the efficiency of the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 and increases its transmissibility to organs and populations when compared to viruses without furin cleavage sites such as SARS-CoV.

HIV Infection: Immunopathogenesis and Risk Factor to Fishermen Retno Budiarti
Denta Journal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 1 No 1 (2018): Oceana Biomedicina Journal Vol 1 Issue (No) 1 January-June 2018
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

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AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, is still one of the infectious diseases that causes fatalistic and have not already found a universal and reliable vaccine. As the name given to the virus as well as the disease it causes, the signs and symptoms experienced by the sufferer are persistent and severe disorders of the body's defense mechanism against the disease, or the person's immunological system.Epidemiology of AIDS in Indonesia, which is a tropical country and its territory is mostly sea area still high, even East Java was the highest accumulatively until March 2016. HIV infection itself until March 2016, East Java accumulatively was on the second level after DKI Jakarta. Based on the data of The Ministry of Health during 2014, farmer and fishermen were on the fourth level of AIDS in Indonesia.This mechanism of immune system disorders by HIV is important to explain and understand, so that current researchs, as well as in the future, can solve the problems posed by this viral infection, either by the discovery of vaccines or their preventive measures, formulation of a therapeutic management which is reliable.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) terhadap Penurunan Kadar LDL Darah pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar Diabetes yang Diinduksi Aloksan Anggita Saraswati; Irmawati M. Dikman; Retno Budiarti
Denta Journal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 3 No 2 (2020): Oceana Biomedicina Journal Volume 3 Issue (No) 2 July - December 2020
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

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Background : DM is a chronic disease that has long-term complications. Alloxan is a fast way to produce experimental diabetic (hyperglycemic) in animal experiments related to elevated LDL. Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) is a low-growth herbaceous plant that easily grows containing secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, and Phenols. Objective : To determine the effect of jeruju leaf extract on the decrease in blood levels of LDL of male Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced Alloxan.Methods : This research is an experimental laboratory type with Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample using 24 rats, which were divided into 3 groups: negative control group (K-) were given standard feed; positive control group (K +) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1st day; the treatment group (P) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1st day and was given jeruju leaf extract 67.2 mg/kgBW on 5th-14thday. The 15th day a blood sample was taken to determine LDL levels.Result : The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed an insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in LDL level of K- ( = 9.75 mg/dl) and the K+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl ). Insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in P ( = 9 mg/dl) with blood LDL levels in theK+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl) and the K- ( = 9, 75 mg/dl).Conclusion : Giving alloxan can increase blood levels of LDL and administration of jeruju leaf extract can reduce blood levels of LDL in experimental animals but not statistically significant.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA; RETNO BUDIARTI; Irmawati Dikman
HANG TUAH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 18 No 1 (2020): Hang Tuah Medical Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

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Abstract Background; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on Shigella Dysentriae growth in vitro is needed. Objectives: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the Shigella dysentriae bacteria in vitro. Method: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control. Result: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae. Conclusion: Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.

HIV Infection: Immunopathogenesis and Risk Factor to Fishermen Retno Budiarti
Oceana Biomedicina Journal Vol 1 No 1 (2018): Oceana Biomedicina Journal Vol 1 Issue (No) 1 January-June 2018
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/obj.v1i1.4

AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, is still one of the infectious diseases that causes fatalistic and have not already found a universal and reliable vaccine. As the name given to the virus as well as the disease it causes, the signs and symptoms experienced by the sufferer are persistent and severe disorders of the body's defense mechanism against the disease, or the person's immunological system.Epidemiology of AIDS in Indonesia, which is a tropical country and its territory is mostly sea area still high, even East Java was the highest accumulatively until March 2016. HIV infection itself until March 2016, East Java accumulatively was on the second level after DKI Jakarta. Based on the data of The Ministry of Health during 2014, farmer and fishermen were on the fourth level of AIDS in Indonesia.This mechanism of immune system disorders by HIV is important to explain and understand, so that current researchs, as well as in the future, can solve the problems posed by this viral infection, either by the discovery of vaccines or their preventive measures, formulation of a therapeutic management which is reliable.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) terhadap Penurunan Kadar LDL Darah pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar Diabetes yang Diinduksi Aloksan Anggita Saraswati; Irmawati M. Dikman; Retno Budiarti
Oceana Biomedicina Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2020): Oceana Biomedicina Journal Volume 3 Issue (No) 2 July - December 2020
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/obj.v3i2.50

Background : DM is a chronic disease that has long-term complications. Alloxan is a fast way to produce experimental diabetic (hyperglycemic) in animal experiments related to elevated LDL. Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) is a low-growth herbaceous plant that easily grows containing secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, and Phenols. Objective : To determine the effect of jeruju leaf extract on the decrease in blood levels of LDL of male Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced Alloxan.Methods : This research is an experimental laboratory type with Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample using 24 rats, which were divided into 3 groups: negative control group (K-) were given standard feed; positive control group (K +) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1st day; the treatment group (P) induced alloxan 120 mg/kgBW on 1st day and was given jeruju leaf extract 67.2 mg/kgBW on 5th-14thday. The 15th day a blood sample was taken to determine LDL levels.Result : The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed an insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in LDL level of K- ( = 9.75 mg/dl) and the K+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl ). Insignificant mean difference (p = 0.270) in P ( = 9 mg/dl) with blood LDL levels in theK+ ( = 11.38 mg/dl) and the K- ( = 9, 75 mg/dl).Conclusion : Giving alloxan can increase blood levels of LDL and administration of jeruju leaf extract can reduce blood levels of LDL in experimental animals but not statistically significant.

Efek Pemberian Oksigen Hiperbarik Pada Efektivitas Ekstrak Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus terrestris) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Salmonella Typhi Secara In Vitro VARIDIANTO YUDO TJAHJONO; RETNO BUDIARTI; PRAWESTY DIAH UTAMI
HANG TUAH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 20 No 1 (2022): Hang Tuah Medical Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/htmj.v20i1.341

Background: Typhoid fever is an infectious disease of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, and causes a fairly high mortality rate. These bacteria have developed resistance to many antibiotics. Earthworm extract (ECT) has been widely used as an alternative to treat typhoid fever. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (OHB) has been used to treat various diseases and can suppress the growth of bacteria. Objective: To determine the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (OHB) 3 ATA on the effectiveness of earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) extract on the growth of Salmonella typhi in vitro. Methods: This experimental study used the post-test only control group design method. Thirty-six samples of S.typhi bacteria in liquid medium (broth) were divided into four groups. The first group (K-) was not given any treatment, the second group (P1) was given earthworm extract, the third group (P2) was given hyperbaric oxygen 3 ATA, and the fourth group (P3) was given a combination of earthworm extract and hyperbaric oxygen 3 ATA. The results of bacterial growth in each group were calculated in colony forming units (CFU) / ml and analyzed statistically. Results: The growth of S.typhi bacteria in the first group (K-) was 108.51 x 106 CFU/ml, the second group (P1) was 483 CFU/ml, the third group was 1.4 x 106 CFU/ml, and the fourth group (P3) was 215 CFU/ml. The fourth group (P3) had the smallest number of bacterial growth and had a significant difference compared to the first (P1) and third (P3) groups (p = 0.001; p < α ; α = 0.05), but the difference was not significant compared to the second group (P1 ) (p = 0.308; p > α; α = 0.05). Conclusion: Giving earthworm extract (ECT) with hyperbaric oxygen (OHB) 3 ATA (combination) was most effective in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria compared to giving earthworm extract (ECT) alone or giving hyperbaric oxygen (OHB) 3 ATA alone.

Pengaruh Inflasi terhadap Strategi Optimal Investasi dan Konsumsi dengan Model Stokastik Dara Irsalina; Retno Budiarti; I Gusti Putu Purnaba
Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications Vol. 19 No. 1 (2022): Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications Volume 19 Nomor 1 Edisi Me
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Ilmiah LPPM Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

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The aim of this study is to investigate an optimal investment-consumption strategy under inflation rate with interest rate is described by Cox-Ingersol-Ross (CIR) model and volatility of the stock price is defined by Heston’s volatility model. A dynamic programming principle is used to obtain a Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation for the value function and choose a power utility function as utility function. The explicit solution of optimal investment and consumption are acquired with using separate variable and approach variable technique. The parameter’s values are approached by Euler-Maruyama method and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Assumed that the portfolio of the investor contains a risk-free asset and a risk asset. Monthly historical data of TLK stock is used as risk asset and monthly historical data of BI 7-Day (Reverse) Repo Rate (BI7DRR) is used as risk-free asset, we obtain that the proportion of investment in stock is directly proportional to return of stock and the inflation rate does not have an impact on proportion investment in the stock. Meanwhile the optimal consumption of wealth is directly proportional to investor’s wealth and inversely proportional with inflation rate, which is the investor should consume less money of his wealth when the inflation rate increases.

Perbandingan Estimasi Parameter Metode Bayesian Self dengan Prior Vague dan Uniform Pada Model Survival Berdistribusi Rayleigh Asri Rahmawati; Retno Budiarti
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Vol. 2 No. 03 (2021): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains
Publisher : CV. Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v2i03.209

Analysis survival is an analysis that is used to analyze the survival time (survivaltime). The survival (survivaltime)is one of the studies used to calculate the time from symptom onset and with the advent of the incident. Inanalysis, the survival termdata is known survival , which is data that shows the time an individual can survive until an event occurs. This study aims to determine the parameter estimation of themodels survival Rayleigh distribution ofusing the Bayesian SELF method. In addition, this study will also discuss the comparison of parameter estimates for themodels survival Rayleigh distribution ofwith the Bayesian SELF method using prior Vague and Uniform. The result of parameter estimation requires information from thefunction likelihood and prior distribution which will then form the posterior distribution. The posterior distribution is the basis for obtaining a Bayesian estimate. After the estimator on the Bayesian SELF method is obtained, then the estimator will be applied to the data from the Stanford heart transplant program from October 1967 to February 1980. Based on the MSE value obtained from this study, the Bayesian SELF method with prior vague is better than the Bayesian method. SELF with Prior uniform.

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