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Numerical and Experimental Studies of Wave Propagation Induced by Pile Driving Susila, Endra; Siahaan, Suhermanto; Sinaga, Poltak; Agrensa, Fico
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 21, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (864.609 KB)

Abstract. This paper presents results of numerical and experimental studies to predict the peak particle velocity (ppv) induced by a pile driving. By utilizing a professional finite element software, Plaxis 2D Dynamic, this study analyzed ppv due to pile driving in clays for various soil stiffness and various embedded pile lengths. For verification, a full scale field test of pile driving was performed in East Kalimantan with installed instrumentations of accelerations. Results of both instrumentation and numerical analysis show that ppv depends on distance and soil rigidity. The closer the object to pile tip, the larger the ppv that will be produced. The more rigid the soils at the pile tip, the larger the ppv, too. The results also show that both field test and numerical analysis results are comparable. Finally, this paper proposes a chart to predict the ppv of soils due to pile driving in clays. The output of the proposed method is the predicted ppv for various distances from pile driving location. Abstrak. Paper ini menyampaikan hasil studi eksperimental dan numerik untuk memperkirakan besarnya kecepatan rambat gelombang (ppv) akibat pemancangan tiang pancang. Dengan bantuan software Plaxis ver. 8.2 Dynamic, studi ini menganalisis sejumlah model dengan berbagai variasi kekakuan pada tanah, khususnya tanah lempung (clay) dan berbagai kedalaman fondasi tiang tertanam. Hasil analisis software Plaxis ver. 8.2 Dynamic ini telah diverfikasi dengan hasil studi eksperimental pada sebuah proyek pemancangan fondasi tiang pancang di Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan analisis numerik dan data dari pengujian lapangan yang mempunyai hasil yang hampir sama, nilai ppv bergantung dari jarak dari pemancangan dan kekakuan tanah. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah usulan formulasi prediksi besarnya kecepatan rambat gelombang (ppv) dalam bentuk chart untuk mempermudah menentukan nilai ppv yang akan terjadi akibat pemancangan di tanah lempung. Sedangkan keluarannya akan berupa besaran nilai ppv (peak particle velocity) terhadap jarak pemancangan tiang.

Settlement of a Full Scale Trial Embankment on Peat in Kalimantan: Field Measurements and Finite Element Simulations Susila, Endra; Apoji, Dayu
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1170.699 KB)

Abstract. This paper presents a study result of peat behaviors through numerical analysis using the finite element method verified by full scale field measurements. Site investigation, construction, instrumentation and monitoring of a trial embankment on very compressible fibrous tropical peat layers at Bereng Bengkel in Central Kalimantan have been conducted by the Agency of Research and Development, the Indonesia Ministry of Public Works. Settlement responses of the embankment have been investigated by a series of finite element simulations using two different soil constitutive models: elastic perfectly plastic model with the Mohr-Coulomb criteria and hyperbolic Hardening-Soil model. A half space finite element model has been developed using the effective stress approach. Analyses were performed with the coupled static/consolidation theory. The soil parameters, embankment geometry, construction sequence and consolidation time of peats and clays were modeled in accordance with actual field trial embankment conditions. Implementation of the numerical model and simulations has completely been performed by a computer program, PLAXIS 2D. For ground settlement behavior at center of embankment, this study result shows that both soil constitutive models have reasonably produced suitable deformation behaviors. However, the settlement behaviors at embankment toes are not as accurate as they are at center. Abstrak. Makalah ini menyajikan studi perilaku gambut melalui analisis numerik berdasarkan metode elemen hingga yang diverifikasi dengan pengukuran lapangan skala penuh. Investigasi lokasi, konstruksi, instrumentasi dan pengukuran timbunan di atas lapisan gambut tropis berserat yang sangat kompresibel di Bereng Bengkel, Kalimantan Tengah, telah dilakukan oleh Departemen Penelitian dan Pengembangan dari Departemen Pekerjaan Umum Indonesia. Respon penurunan timbinan ini telah dianalisis melalui serangkaian simulasi numerik elemen hingga menggunakan dua model konstitutif tanah: model elastis plastis sempurna dengan kriteria keruntuhan Mohr-Coulomb dan model hiperbolik Hardening-Soil. Model elemen hingga setengah ruang telah dibuat dengan pendekatan tegangan efektif. Seluruh tahapan simulasi telah diperhitungkan sebagai analisis statis/konsolidasi couple. Parameter tanah, geometri timbunan, tahapan konstruksi dan waktu konsolidasi gambut dan lempung dimodelkan sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan. Implementasi dari model dan simulasi numerik ini telah dilakukan menggunakan program komputer PLAXIS 2D. Untuk perilaku penurunan tanah di tengah timbunan, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua model konstitutif tanah dapat menghasilkan perilaku deformasi yang cukup sesuai. Namun, prediksi perilaku penurunan tanah di kaki timbunan tidak seakurat prediksi perilaku di tengah timbunan.

Studi Perilaku dan Mekanisme Interaksi Penggabungan Prefabricated Vertical Drain dan Deep Cement Mixing untuk Perbaikan Tanah Lunak Lesmana, Andri; Susila, Endra
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 23, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstrak. Permasalahan geoteknik utama untuk konstruksi di atas tanah lunak adalah daya dukung tanah yang rendah dan potensi penurunan yang besar. Penelitian tentang perbaikan tanah yang berkembang saat ini memberikan alternatif-alternatif metode untuk mengatasi masalah tanah lunak. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mempelajari perilaku interaksi perbaikan tanah lunak dengan menggabungkan dua buah metode perbaikan tanah yaitu Prefabricated Vertical Drain(PVD) dan Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memodelkan timbunan di atas tanah lunak dengan bantuan program paket program FE profesional dengan nama PLAXIS 2D dengan menggunakan model material tanah Mohr â Coulomb (MC), Modified Cam Clay (MCC), dan Soft Soil (SS). Hasil studi menunjukan dengan penggabungan kedua metode perbaikan tanah tersebut berpotensi menggabungkan keuntungan dari kedua metoda: PVD yang mempercepat konsolidasi yang terjadi dan DCM yang dapat dapat meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dan mengontrol penurunan tanah.Abstract. The main geotechnical problems for construction on soft soils are the low bearing capacity and excessive settlement. Recent research provides us with methods to address the issues of soft soils. This research focused on studying the behaviors of interaction of combination of two soil improvement methods: Prefabricated Vertical Drain(PVD) and Deep Cement Mixing (DCM). This research was performed by modeling the embankment on of soft soils by utilizing a professional finite element software, called PLAXIS 2D. The elastic-plastic soil model with Mohr - Coulomb (MC)criteria, Modified Cam Clay (MCC) model and the Soft Soil (SS) model were selected to model soils. The results show that the incorporation of both methods can potentially combine the acceleration of consolidation of PVD and the increase of soil bearing capacity and controlling settlement of DCM.

Behaviors of Pipe-Soil Interaction on Unstable Slopes by Finite Element Simulation Susila, Endra; Agrensa, Fico
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 25, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

AbstractPipe-soil interaction plays an important role to the pipe stress analysis subjected to soil movement due to slope instability and/or slope failure. As the soils / slopes begin to fail, a single pipe or a group of pipes buried inside failure zone will bear additional loads which frequently lead to overstress or buckling. To study this phenomena, a case study was carried out by modelling a group of pipes subjected to ground movement in lateral direction. ABAQUS, a finite element software was employed to establish a 3 D numerical model of pipe-soil interaction during landslide event. Discussions of the results of this analysis are presented by focusing on the behaviors of displacement and stress of the pipes due to slope failure. Based on the analysis results, the length of failure zone becomes the major cause of the location of maximum stress during slope failure, it should be assessed carefully.AbstrakPada analisis pipe-stress dengan beban dari pergerakan tanah yang diakibatkan oleh longsoran, perilaku interaksi antara pipa dan tanah berperan sangat penting. Ketika tanah/lereng mulai bergerak, sebuah pipa atau beberapa pipa yang dipasang di dalam bidang kelongsoran akan menerima beban tambahan yang seringnya menyebabkan buckling/overstress pada pipa. Untuk mempelajari fenomena ini, studi kasus dilakukan dengan memodelkan grup pipa yang dikenai pergerakan tanah secara lateral. ABAQUS, sebuah program berbasis finite element digunakan untuk memodelkan interaksi antara pipa dan tanah secara tiga dimensi selama longsor terjadi. Diskusi mengenai hasil dari analisis ini dilakukan dengan berfokus kepada perilaku displacement dan stress dari pipa akibat longsoran tanah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, panjang dari bidang longsor menjadi issue utama dalam penentuan lokasi stress maksimum pipa, sehingga ke depannya perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan secara detail.

Settlement of a Full Scale Trial Embankment on Peat in Kalimantan: Field Measurements and Finite Element Simulations Endra Susila; Dayu Apoji
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 19 No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2012.19.3.6

Abstract. This paper presents a study result of peat behaviors through numerical analysis using the finite element method verified by full scale field measurements. Site investigation, construction, instrumentation and monitoring of a trial embankment on very compressible fibrous tropical peat layers at Bereng Bengkel in Central Kalimantan have been conducted by the Agency of Research and Development, the Indonesia Ministry of Public Works. Settlement responses of the embankment have been investigated by a series of finite element simulations using two different soil constitutive models: elastic perfectly plastic model with the Mohr-Coulomb criteria and hyperbolic Hardening-Soil model. A half space finite element model has been developed using the effective stress approach. Analyses were performed with the coupled static/consolidation theory. The soil parameters, embankment geometry, construction sequence and consolidation time of peats and clays were modeled in accordance with actual field trial embankment conditions. Implementation of the numerical model and simulations has completely been performed by a computer program, PLAXIS 2D. For ground settlement behavior at center of embankment, this study result shows that both soil constitutive models have reasonably produced suitable deformation behaviors. However, the settlement behaviors at embankment toes are not as accurate as they are at center. Abstrak. Makalah ini menyajikan studi perilaku gambut melalui analisis numerik berdasarkan metode elemen hingga yang diverifikasi dengan pengukuran lapangan skala penuh. Investigasi lokasi, konstruksi, instrumentasi dan pengukuran timbunan di atas lapisan gambut tropis berserat yang sangat kompresibel di Bereng Bengkel, Kalimantan Tengah, telah dilakukan oleh Departemen Penelitian dan Pengembangan dari Departemen Pekerjaan Umum Indonesia. Respon penurunan timbinan ini telah dianalisis melalui serangkaian simulasi numerik elemen hingga menggunakan dua model konstitutif tanah: model elastis plastis sempurna dengan kriteria keruntuhan Mohr-Coulomb dan model hiperbolik Hardening-Soil. Model elemen hingga setengah ruang telah dibuat dengan pendekatan tegangan efektif. Seluruh tahapan simulasi telah diperhitungkan sebagai analisis statis/konsolidasi couple. Parameter tanah, geometri timbunan, tahapan konstruksi dan waktu konsolidasi gambut dan lempung dimodelkan sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan. Implementasi dari model dan simulasi numerik ini telah dilakukan menggunakan program komputer PLAXIS 2D. Untuk perilaku penurunan tanah di tengah timbunan, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua model konstitutif tanah dapat menghasilkan perilaku deformasi yang cukup sesuai. Namun, prediksi perilaku penurunan tanah di kaki timbunan tidak seakurat prediksi perilaku di tengah timbunan.

Numerical and Experimental Studies of Wave Propagation Induced by Pile Driving Endra Susila; Suhermanto Siahaan; Poltak Sinaga; Fico Agrensa
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 21 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2014.21.2.1

Abstract. This paper presents results of numerical and experimental studies to predict the peak particle velocity (ppv) induced by a pile driving. By utilizing a professional finite element software, Plaxis 2D Dynamic, this study analyzed ppv due to pile driving in clays for various soil stiffness and various embedded pile lengths. For verification, a full scale field test of pile driving was performed in East Kalimantan with installed instrumentations of accelerations. Results of both instrumentation and numerical analysis show that ppv depends on distance and soil rigidity. The closer the object to pile tip, the larger the ppv that will be produced. The more rigid the soils at the pile tip, the larger the ppv, too. The results also show that both field test and numerical analysis results are comparable. Finally, this paper proposes a chart to predict the ppv of soils due to pile driving in clays. The output of the proposed method is the predicted ppv for various distances from pile driving location. Abstrak. Paper ini menyampaikan hasil studi eksperimental dan numerik untuk memperkirakan besarnya kecepatan rambat gelombang (ppv) akibat pemancangan tiang pancang. Dengan bantuan software Plaxis ver. 8.2 Dynamic, studi ini menganalisis sejumlah model dengan berbagai variasi kekakuan pada tanah, khususnya tanah lempung (clay) dan berbagai kedalaman fondasi tiang tertanam. Hasil analisis software Plaxis ver. 8.2 Dynamic ini telah diverfikasi dengan hasil studi eksperimental pada sebuah proyek pemancangan fondasi tiang pancang di Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan analisis numerik dan data dari pengujian lapangan yang mempunyai hasil yang hampir sama, nilai ppv bergantung dari jarak dari pemancangan dan kekakuan tanah. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah usulan formulasi prediksi besarnya kecepatan rambat gelombang (ppv) dalam bentuk chart untuk mempermudah menentukan nilai ppv yang akan terjadi akibat pemancangan di tanah lempung. Sedangkan keluarannya akan berupa besaran nilai ppv (peak particle velocity) terhadap jarak pemancangan tiang.

Studi Perilaku dan Mekanisme Interaksi Penggabungan Prefabricated Vertical Drain dan Deep Cement Mixing untuk Perbaikan Tanah Lunak Andri Lesmana; Endra Susila
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 23 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2016.23.3.5

Abstrak. Permasalahan geoteknik utama untuk konstruksi di atas tanah lunak adalah daya dukung tanah yang rendah dan potensi penurunan yang besar. Penelitian tentang perbaikan tanah yang berkembang saat ini memberikan alternatif-alternatif metode untuk mengatasi masalah tanah lunak. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mempelajari perilaku interaksi perbaikan tanah lunak dengan menggabungkan dua buah metode perbaikan tanah yaitu Prefabricated Vertical Drain(PVD) dan Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memodelkan timbunan di atas tanah lunak dengan bantuan program paket program FE profesional dengan nama PLAXIS 2D dengan menggunakan model material tanah Mohr "“ Coulomb (MC), Modified Cam Clay (MCC), dan Soft Soil (SS). Hasil studi menunjukan dengan penggabungan kedua metode perbaikan tanah tersebut berpotensi menggabungkan keuntungan dari kedua metoda: PVD yang mempercepat konsolidasi yang terjadi dan DCM yang dapat dapat meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dan mengontrol penurunan tanah.Abstract. The main geotechnical problems for construction on soft soils are the low bearing capacity and excessive settlement. Recent research provides us with methods to address the issues of soft soils. This research focused on studying the behaviors of interaction of combination of two soil improvement methods: Prefabricated Vertical Drain(PVD) and Deep Cement Mixing (DCM). This research was performed by modeling the embankment on of soft soils by utilizing a professional finite element software, called PLAXIS 2D. The elastic-plastic soil model with Mohr - Coulomb (MC)criteria, Modified Cam Clay (MCC) model and the Soft Soil (SS) model were selected to model soils. The results show that the incorporation of both methods can potentially combine the acceleration of consolidation of PVD and the increase of soil bearing capacity and controlling settlement of DCM.

Behaviors of Pipe-Soil Interaction on Unstable Slopes by Finite Element Simulation Endra Susila; Fico Agrensa
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 25 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2018.25.2.1

AbstractPipe-soil interaction plays an important role to the pipe stress analysis subjected to soil movement due to slope instability and/or slope failure. As the soils / slopes begin to fail, a single pipe or a group of pipes buried inside failure zone will bear additional loads which frequently lead to overstress or buckling. To study this phenomena, a case study was carried out by modelling a group of pipes subjected to ground movement in lateral direction. ABAQUS, a finite element software was employed to establish a 3 D numerical model of pipe-soil interaction during landslide event. Discussions of the results of this analysis are presented by focusing on the behaviors of displacement and stress of the pipes due to slope failure. Based on the analysis results, the length of failure zone becomes the major cause of the location of maximum stress during slope failure, it should be assessed carefully.AbstrakPada analisis pipe-stress dengan beban dari pergerakan tanah yang diakibatkan oleh longsoran, perilaku interaksi antara pipa dan tanah berperan sangat penting. Ketika tanah/lereng mulai bergerak, sebuah pipa atau beberapa pipa yang dipasang di dalam bidang kelongsoran akan menerima beban tambahan yang seringnya menyebabkan buckling/overstress pada pipa. Untuk mempelajari fenomena ini, studi kasus dilakukan dengan memodelkan grup pipa yang dikenai pergerakan tanah secara lateral. ABAQUS, sebuah program berbasis finite element digunakan untuk memodelkan interaksi antara pipa dan tanah secara tiga dimensi selama longsor terjadi. Diskusi mengenai hasil dari analisis ini dilakukan dengan berfokus kepada perilaku displacement dan stress dari pipa akibat longsoran tanah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, panjang dari bidang longsor menjadi issue utama dalam penentuan lokasi stress maksimum pipa, sehingga ke depannya perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan secara detail.

Studi Komparasi Konstitutif Model untuk Kasus Galian Dalam dengan Metoda Elemen Hingga dan Data Monitoring Lapangan: Studi Kasus Proyek Muara Karang Jwantoro, Jwantoro; Susila, Endra; Apoji, Dayu; Basarah, Yuammar Immarazan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 32 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Sipil - Edisi April
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2025.32.1.8

The construction of underground structures at the Muara Tawar Combined Cycle Power Plant, situated in a coastal area characterized by very soft clay soils, presents significant geotechnical challenges. Careful analysis and planning are crucial to prevent structural failure. This study evaluates the effectiveness of temporary retaining wall systems using sheet piles and strutting during the excavation of the Steam Turbine Generator (STG) Block #4 basement, which is adjacent to existing structures. Utilizing PLAXIS 2D, an advanced Finite Element Method (FEM) software for geotechnical analysis, we modeled and analyzed the soil-structure interaction to optimize the design and construction methodology. The study focused on determining appropriate support systems for deep excavation, ensuring the stability of both the new construction and existing facilities. Results demonstrate that the proposed sheet pile and strutting system effectively prevents soil collapse during construction. This is evidenced by satisfactory safety factors and acceptable deflection values derived from numerical analyses. This research was conducted by comparing three soil models: Mohr-Coulomb, Soft Soil, and Hardening Soil, to analyze their performance in predicting soil behavior for construction purposes.

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