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Penampilan Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Protein Sel Tunggal (PST) Sebagai Sumber Protein Pengganti Tepung Ikan dalam Pakan N Ramli; D M Suci; C B Aditya
Media Peternakan Vol. 27 No. 3 (2004): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Two thousands Cobb strain DOC were kept for 4 weeks to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing Single Cell Protein (SCP) on feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. SCP was used at level 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% of ration dry matter to replace fish meal in the diet. Data showed that feed consumption increased for broilers received SCP at level 2.5% and decreased at level 7.5 and 10%. Weight gain improved for broilers fed SCP up to level 5%. Feed conversion ratio increased only when 10% SCP was used. It is concluded that SCP up to level of 5% can be used to replace fish meal in the broiler's diet. Key words: single cell protein, fish meal, feed conversion ratio, broiler

Ketersediaan Energi Ransum yang Mengandung Wheat Pollard Hasil Olahan Enzim Cairan Rumen yang Diproses Secara Steam Pelleting pada Ayam Broiler W W Wardani; N Ramli; W Hermana
Media Peternakan Vol. 27 No. 3 (2004): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Wheat pollard is a common feed ingredient, but its non starch polysaccharide component is still a limiting factor as an anti nutrition. The combination treatment of enzymes from rumen liquor (DE) and steam pelleting (SP), could change non-starch polysaccharide structure to be more digestible for broiler chicken. Twenty seven broiler chicken of 37 days old were divided into 27 experimental unit and randomly offered one of 9 treatments, that were R1 (DE 0 U/kg + 600C), R2 (DE 0 U/kg + 800C), R3 (DE 0 U/kg + 1000C), R4 (DE 620 U/kg + 600C), R5 (DE 620 U/kg + 800C), R6 (DE 620 U/kg + 1000C), R7 (DE 1.240 U/kg + 600C), R8 (DE 1.240 U/kg + 800C) and R9 (DE 1.240 U/kg + 1000C). The chicken have been fasted for 24 hours and fed by force feeding 30 g/head while water was offered ad libitum. Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), Nitrogen Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AMEn), True Metabolizable Energy (TME), Nitrogen Corrected True Metabolizable Energy (TMEn) and Nitrogen Retention were determined. Three chickens were used for collecting nitrogen and endogenous energy. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance according to completely randomized design with factorial 3x3 and DuncanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Multiple Range Test. Enzymes dosage and steam treatment did not influence metabolizable energy (AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn) and nitrogen retention. Combination of enzymes (R4 and R8) and steam temperature treatment increased AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn but did not increase nitrogen retention. The result indicated that combination of enzymes at dosage of 620 U/kg with steam 600C treatment increased the metabolizable energy of wheat pollard based diets. Key words: liquor rumen enzymes, pelleting, energy, nitrogen, broiler

Evaluasi Kualitas Nutrien Dedak Gandum Hasil Olahan Enzim yang Diproduksi Aspergillus niger dan Trichoderma viride pada Ransum Ayam Broiler N Ramli; R A Haryadi; D G Dinata
Media Peternakan Vol. 28 No. 3 (2005): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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An addition of crude enzyme from A. niger and T. viride was done to increase nutrien quality of wheat bran with an addition of commercial enzyme as a comparison. Nutrient composition, metabolizable energy and performance of broiler were parameters observed to evaluate the improvement. Enzymes from A. niger, T. viride and commercial enzyme were capable of decreasing fiber and increasing metabolizable energy of wheat bran. Crude fiber content of wheat bran decreased by 14.86%, 8.24% and 0.36%, true metabolizable energy increased by 8.25%, 7.98% and 2.22% when wheat bran was treated with enzymes from A. niger, T. viride and commercial enzyme, respectively. Except for wheat bran treated with commercial enzyme, utilization of wheat bran-treated enzymes from A. niger and T. viride could increase feed intake, daily gain and final weight of broilers. However, the enzyme addition did not improve feed conversion. It is concluded that the addition of enzymes from A. niger and T. viride could improve nutrient quality of wheat bran. Key words : wheat bran, crude enzymes, T. viride, A. niger, broilers

Polisakarida Mengandung Mannan dari Bungkil Inti Sawit Sebagai Antimikroba Salmonella typhimurium pada Ayam L A Sofyan; N Ramli; K G Wiryawan; K Zarkasie; W G Piliang
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 2 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Mannan containing polysaccharides could be used as an alternative to replace antibiotics due to their capacity to block the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of poultry. The aim of this study was to investigate mannan containing polysaccharides from palm kernel meal (PKM) and its inhibitory effect against Salmonella typhimurium. Hot water extractions were used to isolate mannan containing polysaccharides from cell wall of PKM. In vivo studies were conducted using broiler and layer chicks that were challenged orally with 104 cfu Salmonella typhimurium on third day. Split plot design was used as experimental design with strain as main plot and level of mannan polysaccharides as sub plot. The levels of mannan containing polysaccharides that were used consisted of 0 (R0); 1000 (R1); 2000 (R2); 3000 (R3); 4000 (R4) ppm, in term of total sugar. The results indicated that compared to the control group, feeding PKM containing mannan 4000 ppm decreased (P < 0.01) Salmonella typhimurium incidence. The addition of mannan did not affect feed consumption. On the contrary, the addition of 4000 ppm mannan gave significantly higher feed/weight gain ratio of the chicks (P < 0.05). The administration of feed supplemented with mannan from PKM did not influence weight gain of poultry. It is concluded that mannan from PKM can prevent the colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in poultry. Key words: palm kernel meal, mannan, Salmonella typhimurium, performance, poultry

Performa Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Metabolit Aceto-Sacch dalam Air Minum N Ramli; A Sofyan; E Anggraini
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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This research was conducted to study the effect of addition of Aceto-Sacch metabolite (m-AS) product into drinking water on performance, percentage of intestine and caeca of broilers. One hundred and fifty birds of day old chicks (DOC) of 'Hubbard' strain were divided into 5 groups of treatments. The treatments were R0 (control diet + drinking water without Aceto-Sacch metabolite / 0% m-AS), R1 (R0 + 12.5% m-AS), R2 (R0 + 25% m-AS), R3 (R0 + 50% m-AS), Rk (commercial diet + 0% m-AS). Chicken were given diet and drinking water ad libitum. Feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion were measured weekly. Throughout four weeks feeding trial, two animals from each group were taken and decapitated for measuring percentage of intestine and caeca. Data from completely randomized design were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and contrast orthogonal. Results showed that drinking water containing more than 25% m-AS (R2 and R3) reduced body weight, feed intake and increased percentage of small intestine and caeca. However, m-AS addition at 12.5% improved feed conversion ratio and slightly increased body weight gain. Addition of 9.0 % m-AS in total drinking water was the optimum level increasing performance of broiler. It is concluded that addition of 12.5 % m-AS product into drinking water could slightly increased body weight gain and improve feed efficiency of broiler chicken.Key words: broiler performance, drinking water, aceto-sacch

Respons terhadap Suplementasi Sabun Mineral dan Mineral Organik serta Kacang Kedelai Sangrai pada Indikator Fermentabilitas Ransum dalam Rumen Domba . Adawiah; T Sutardi; T Toharmat; W Manalu; N Ramli; U H Tanuwiria
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with mineral soap, organic mineral and roasted soyabean on ration fermentability in the rumen of sheep. Thirty two Garut Sheep (initial weight 22.38 ± 3.56 kg) were assigned into a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments. Body weight was used as blocks (4 blocks). The treatments were FO: basal diet + fish oil, CO: basal diet + corn oil, CaFO: basal diet + calcium soap of fish oil, CaCO: basal diet + calcium soap of corn oil, ZnFO: basal diet + zinc soap of fish oil, ZnCO: basal diet + zinc soap of corn oil, RSB: basal diet + roasted soya bean, MM: basal diet + mineral mix (Zn, Cu, Cr, and Se-organic). The experimental diets were offered for 8 weeks. The results showed that ammonia concentrations of sheep fed CO, CaFO, CaCO, and MM were higher than those of sheep fed FO, ZnFO, ZnCO, RSB diets (9.28 v 6.75 mM). Vollatile fatty acid production was not affected by treatments (110.6 ± 7.69 mM). The levels of amonia and VFA in this experiment were suitable for microbial growth. Rumen bacterial population of sheep fed FO was the lowest (P < 0.05). Rumen protozoa population of sheep fed CO, CaFO, ZnFO, ZnCO, and MM were lower (P < 0.05) than those of sheep fed FO, CaCO, and RSB. It is concluded that supplemention of Ca-soap, organic minerals, and roasted soyabeans to sheep ration increased ration fermentability in the rumen. Ammonia and VFA concentrations were suitable for rumen microbial growth. Fat protection (Ca-soap) did not inhibit bacterial growth in the rumen. Key words: mineral soap, fish oil, corn oil, roasted soyabeans, fermentability

Sifat Kimia dan Nilai Biologis Konsentrat Protein Bungkil Inti Sawit Hasil Ekstraksi Kombinasi Fisik-Kimiawi . Yatno; N Ramli; P Hardjosworo; A Setiyono; T Purwadaria
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 3 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical characteristics and biological value of protein concentrate extracted from palm kernel meal (PKM) using combination of physical and chemical extraction. The best method of extraction in term of total amino acid (TAA), essential amino acid (EAA), essential amino acid index (EAAI), and protein recovery then was used for protein retention evaluation using 20 heads of male quails age 30 days. The animals were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments, while the remaining quails were used to measure endogenous protein. The treatments were; R1=diet containing 9% crude protein from the best protein concentrate from PKM, R2=diet containing 9% crude protein from PKM and R3=diet containing 9% crude protein from soybean meal). The results showed that protein of PKM had isoelectric pH in a range of 4.3-4.4. Protein concentrate of PKM produced by grinding using 0.05 N acetic acid followed by soaking 1 N technical-NaOH had the highest protein quality compared with those of the other treatments. TAA, EAA, EAAI amount of precipitate and protein recovery of the protein concentrate were 33.38%, 16.76%, 62.41%, 12.18% and 50.38%, respectively. Protein retention of quails fed R1 was not different compared to that of R3 (69,82 vs 70,57%), while quails received R2 had the lowest protein retention value (61,19%). It is concluded that combination methods of physical and chemical extraction using 0.05 N acetic acid followed by soaking with 1 N technical NaOH (E3) was the best method in producing high quality of protein concentrate, and the product had similar protein retention value as that of soybean meal. Key words: chemical characteristics, biological value, protein concentrate, palm kernel meal, extraction

Pertumbuhan Optimum Penicillium spp. dan Cunninghamella spp. yang Diisolasi dari Pakan dan Efek Toksiknya pada Mencit (Mus musculus) N Ramli; M Tafsin; A D Hasjmy
Media Peternakan Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Fungi are a major microorganism present in the feedstuffs that able to reduce nutritive value and produce toxin that harmful for animal. Penicillium spp. and Cunninghamella spp. were dominant present in the feedstuffs in tropical regions. The objectives of this study were to find out the optimum pH and temperature of Penicillium spp. and Cunninghamella spp. on agar media and to find out the effect of feeding diet containing corn contaminated with the fungi at level of 0%, 50% and 100% on the performance and relative organ weight of 45 mice (Mus musculus). Cunninghamella spp. grew at pH range of 3-9, and Penicillium spp. at pH range of 3-7. The temperature for the optimum growth of both fungi was on room temperature (28±2 oC). Feed consumption and daily gain (ADG) of mice were not significantly affected by content of corn contaminated with Cunninghamella spp. Conversely, corn contaminated with Penicillium spp. significantly (P < 0.05) reduced feed consumption and ADG of mice. Treatments had no effect on liver and hearth relative weight, but significantly influenced relative weight of kidney and lymph. Lymph relative weight of mice fed ration containing Penicillium-contaminated corn was lower (P < 0.05) than that of control. Mice treated with contaminated corn from both fungi at the level 100% also significantly (P < 0.05) had higher kidney relative weight than that of control. It was concluded that the toxic effect of Penicillium spp. was higher than that of Cunninghamella spp. Key words: fungi, feedstuffs, growth, toxin, mice

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Enzim Karbohidrase Cairan Rumen Sapi Asal Rumah Potong Hewan A Budiansyah; B Resmi; K G Wiryawan; D M. T. Soehartono; Y Widyastuti; N Ramli
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 1 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The aims of this experiment were to identify carbohydrases in rumen liquor of cattle, and to determine optimum temperature and pH of enzymes, as well as to evaluate the effect of metal ions and chemical substances on enzymes activity. Optimum precipitation of the enzymes from local and imported cattle was reached at the concentration of 60% and 70% of ammonium sulphate, respectively. The enzymes (xylanase, mannanase, and amylase) had optimum temperature in the range of 50-60 °C, except for cellulase from imported cattle which had optimum temperature at 39 oC, optimum pH of the enzymes were 6-7 except for cellulase was at pH 4. The enzymes mostly needed methal ions as activators. EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol inhibited activity of cellulase from rumen liquor of local cattle, while enzymes from rumen liquor of imported cattle EDTA inhibited xylanase activity and β-mercaptoethanol inhibited mannanase and amylase activity. Activity of cellulase in rumen liquor of local cattle was higher than those of imported cattle. It is concluded that rumen liquor of imported and local cattles from abbatoir contained cellulase, xylanase, mannase and amylase that most of them had optimum temperature and pH at 50-60 oC and 6-7, respectively, and they needed methal ions as activators. Key words: cattle, rumen liquor, abattoir, enzymes, characterization

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