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EFEK KOMBINASI SPIRULINA KITOSAN UNTUK PRESERVASI SOKET TERHADAP OSTEOBLAS, OSTEOKLAS DAN KEPADATAN KOLAGEN: EFFECT SPIRULINA CHITOSAN COMBINATION AS A SOCKET PRESERVATION TOOSTEBLAST, OSTEOCLAST, AND COLLAGEN DENSITY Sherman Salim; Mefina Kuntjoro
Dentika: Dental Journal Vol. 18 No. 3 (2015): Dentika Dental Journal
Publisher : TALENTA

Soket preservasi merupakan tindakan penting dilakukan sehubungan dengan perawatan di bidang prostodonsia yangmemerlukan bentukan tulang yang prominen sebagai retensi dan stabilitas untuk pemakaian gigi tiruan. Bahan yang dapatmencegah inflamasi berlebihan dan meningkatkan remodeling tulang perlu diaplikasikan pada soket pasca pencabutan.Biomaterial spirulina memiliki sifat antiinflamasi dan antioksidan serta kitosan yang memiliki sifat mucoadhesive akandikombinasikan karena memiliki efek sinergis apabila digabungkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkanbiomaterial yang memberikan efek untuk preservasi soket. Sebanyak 28 ekor Cavia cobaya (marmot) dibagi menjadi 4kelompok perlakuan. Setelah dilakukan pencabutan, pada soket kelompok kontrol diinduksi gel CMC Na 3%, kelompokI diinduksi gel spirulina 12%, kelompok II diinduksi gel kitosan 20%, kelompok III diinudksi gel kombinasi spirulina12% kitosan 20%. Pada hari ke 14, hewan coba dieksekusi dan diambil mandibulanya. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaanhistopatologi jumlah osteoblas, osteoklas dan kolagen pada daerah 1/3 soket. Data hasil pemeriksaan dianalisismenggunakan Kruskal Wallis test. Pada pemeriksaan hari ke 14 terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok kontroldan kelompok perlakuan. Jumlah osteoblas dan kolagen paling tinggi pada kelompok III dan jumlah osteoklas palingrendah pada kelompok III. Sebagai kesimpulan, kombinasi spirulina 12% dan kitosan 20% meningkatkan jumlahosteoblas dan kolagen dan menurunkan jumlah osteoklas pada hari ke 14.

REHABILITASI SELURUH RAHANG DENGAN PENDEKATAN REORGANISASI PASIEN YANG KEHILANGAN GIGI SEBAGIAN: FULL MOUTH REHABILITATION WITH REORGANIZED APPROACH IN PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS PATIENT Sherman Salim
Dentika: Dental Journal Vol. 18 No. 1 (2014): Dentika Dental Journal
Publisher : TALENTA

Salah satu masalah gigi yang umum terjadi pada pasien geriatri adalah kasus kehilangan gigi. Pasien-pasien yangmengalami kehilangan sebagian giginya dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak dianggap mempunyai kelainan atau cacatyang perlu untuk dilakukan rehabilitasi seluruh rahang. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi tahapanperawatan dengan pendekatan reorganisasi ketika dokter gigi melakukan rehabilitasi seluruh rahang dengan oklusi danestetik yang sempurna pada pasien kehilangan gigi sebagian dan oklusi yang tidak stabil. Seorang pasien laki-laki umur55 tahun datang ke klinik Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut (RSGM) Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga dengankeluhan sulit untuk mengunyah makanan serta ingin memperbaiki penampilan gigi depannya. Tata laksana kasus inidimulai dengan perawatan pendahuluan berupa pembersihan karang gigi pada rahang atas dan bawah, perawatanendodontik dan pencabutan gigi. Selanjutnya dilakukan rehabilitasi seluruh rahang. Kesimpulan, perawatan rehabilitasiseluruh rahang pada pasien ini telah berhasil secara klinis, namun, masih perlu dilakukan evaluasi jangka panjang

Osteogenic Potential Differentiation of Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cell with Chitosan-Carbonate Apatite Scaffold (In Vitro Study) Kamadjaja, Michael J.K.; Salim, Sherman; Rantam, Fedik A.
BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 5 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL

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Background: Tissue engineering based approaches have received much attention. Incorporation of chitosan and carbonate apatite (CA) improve its capability. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is viable for xenogenic transplantation. The purpose of this study was to fabricate and evaluate the osteogenic potential differentiation of human amnion mesenchymal stem cell with carbonate apatite– chitosan scaffolds (CA-ChSs) for tissue engineering. Method: Human amniotic membrane was procured from using cesarean section. Soncini’s protocol was employed for the isolation procedure. The cells cultured on collagen-coated dishes using Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM)/F12 (1:1). A chitosan powder of medium molecular weight deacetylated chitin, poly(D(glucosamine) was used and mixed with CA. Immunocytochemistry and flowcytometry used for phenotypic characterization of hAMSC. Result: Amniotic membrane obtained using cesarean section under aseptic condition did not exhibit any growth of cell cultures which were not contaminated. Immunocytochemistry testing revealed that the target cells expressed strong mesenchymal stem cell marker CD 105. Characterization at passage 10 showed that CD44 was the most significant and abundant surface receptors. The number of viable cells in chitosan-carbonate apatite was 66.59%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that CA-ChSs had three-dimensional structure with many pores and hAMSc could attached and proliferation among the porosity of the scaffold. The formation of calcium in the cell as an indicator of osteoblast cells was detected using Alizarin Red solution. Conclusion: hAMSc harvested from human amniotic membrane seeding in CA- ChSs had the capability for in vitro osteogenesis makes them be the one of the potential options for bone tissue engineering.

Full mouth rehabilitation in anterior crossbite and posterior bite collapse patient â€“ A case report Lunardhi, Louisa Christy; Salim, Sherman; Laksono, Harry
Indonesian Journal of Prosthodontic Vol 1, No 2 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Indonesia Prosthodontic Association

Background: Esthetically and functionally successful full mouth rehabilitation requires careful attention and me-ticulous treatment planning. Successful restoration in a patient with anterior crossbite and a partially edentulous situation can be challenging especially when bilateral posterior segment teeth is missing. Combination restora-tion using attachment retained removable partial denture (RPD) and removable partial overdenture (RPO) is such kind of treatment modality in prosthodontics. Purpose: This study was to provide an overview of a case about full mouth rehabilitation in anterior crossbite and posterior bite collapse patient. Case: A 64-year-old female pa-tient came to Prosthodontic Department of RSGMP Universitas Airlangga to have dentures replacing her missing teeth with aesthetic issue on her anterior teeth in order to eat well and be more confident. The patient wants to change her smile into new smile with acceptable aesthetic and function. Management: Diagnostic wax-up was made to capture the right occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in centric relation (CR) that will be used in the first stage of full mouth rehabilitation, followed by management of the remaining teeth by endodontic and periodontal intervention by crown lengthening. Then, definitive restorations were made by maxillary attachment retained RPD with splint four anterior crowns and mandibular RPO with two single crowns on the lower teeth to correct anterior crossbite and posterior bite collapse. Conclusion: Patient had a satisfactoryly aesthetic and functional results with new occlusion using maxillary attachment retained RPD and mandibular RPO.

Stem Cells Approach for Implant Therapy in Diabetes Model Kuntjoro, Mefina; Hendrijantini, Nike; Agustono, Bambang; Salim, Sherman
Indonesian Journal of Prosthodontic Special Issue 2021
Publisher : Indonesia Prosthodontic Association

Objective of Investigation: Dental implant osseointegration in patients with hyperglycemic conditions was reported to be delayed so the restoration procedure must be postponed. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is a tissue engineering material that has the potential to treat various systemic diseases. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUCMSCs) is proven to improve bone microenvironment and have osteogenic potential. Their excellent capability can be a new approach for osseointegration acceleration. The purpose of this study was to determine the capability of hUCMSCs to accelerate dentalimplant osseointegration in hyperglycemic condition through angiogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Experimental methods used: 28 Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with Streptozotocin 20mg/kg body weight for 5 days in a row to make the diabetic model. The treatment was carried out after fasting blood sugar levels 300 mg/dl and waited 5 days for the glycation period. The source of stem cell is human umbilical cord which has been isolated and cultured until passage 6. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups, namely the 2-week implant group (K1), the 4-week implant group (K2), the 2-week implant + hUCMSCs group (P1) and the 4-week implant + hUCMSCs group (P2). The variables examined were BIC (Bone Implant Contact), VEGF and Runx2 expression. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Result : BIC, VEGF and Runx2 expresssion was higher in treatment groups compared with control groups. The highest expression of VEGF and Runx2 occurred in the P1 and decreased in the P2 group. While for BIC in groups P1 and P2 remained high to maintain osseointegration. Conclusion : With the limitation of this study, stem cells was proven to accelerate the osseointegration of dental implants through osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis in diabetes model.

Rehabilitation of partially edentulous arch using semi precision attachment: an aesthetic approach Nuriyanto, Ainy Fitri; Salim, Sherman; K., Michael Josef K.
Indonesian Journal of Prosthodontic Vol 2, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Indonesia Prosthodontic Association

The restoration of normal function and esthetic appearance with a dental prosthesis is a major challenge in the rehabilitation of patients who have lost their teeth. In such situation, a fixed removable prosthesis allows favorable biomechanical stress distribution along with restoration of esthetics, phonetics, comfort, hygiene and better postoperative care and maintenance. Prime function of attachment retained partial denture is to distribute the masticatory forces to the wide area thereby reducing the damage to the abutments, soft tissues and bony ridges in addition to improved esthetics and proprioceptive responses. In this case series patientâ€™s esthetic and functional requirements were fulfilled with attachment retained cast partial denture using semi-precision attachments

Perubahan suhu transisi kaca dan massa resin akrilik heat cured akibat kelembaban dan lama penyimpanan (Changes in glass transition temperature and heat cured acrylic resin mass due to moisture and storage time) Sherman Salim
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 3 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Acrylic resins, especially poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was introduced in 1937. Acrylic resin has favorable properties, among others, aesthetic, color and texture similar to that of the gingival aesthetic in the mouth, relatively low water absorption and dimensional changes. However, some studies suggest that the duration of storage of acrylic resin will affect the changes in the glass transition temperature and the mass of acrylic resin. Purpose: The objective of this research was to study the effect of humidity and storage time led to changes in the glass transition temperature and the mass of the acrylic resin. Methods: The research method is experimental laboratory. Acrylic resin specimens are kept in conditions of humidity of 90%, 70%, 40% and 30% for 24 hours, one week, one month and two months. In this study used three methods of curing, namely conventional JIs, 24-hour curing at 70 °C and using the microwave. Results: Low humidity causes changes in the glass transition temperature and the mass of acrylic resin. Longer storage of acrylic resins in low humidity, can affect change greater than the glass transition temperature and the mass of acrylic resin. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the humidity and longer storage of acrylic resins can affect the glass transition temperature and a change in mass.Latar belakang: Resin akrilik terutama poli metil metakrilat (PMMA) telah diperkenalkan pada tahun 1937. Resin akrilik memiliki sifat yang menguntungkan antara lain estetis, warna dan tekstur mirip dengan gingiva sehingga estetik di dalam mulut baik, daya serap air relatif rendah dan perubahan dimensi kecil. Akan tetapi, dari beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa lamanya waktu penyimpanan resin akrilik akan berpengaruh pada perubahan suhu transisi kaca dan massa resin akrilik. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh kelembaban dan waktu penyimpanan yang menyebabkan perubahan suhu transisi kaca dan massa pada resin akrilik. Metode: Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen laboratoris. spesimen resin akrilik disimpan dalam kondisi kelembaban 90%, 70%, 40% dan 30% selama 24 jam, satu minggu, satu bulan dan dua bulan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tiga metode curing, yaitu konvensional JIs, 24 jam curing pada suhu 70 °C dan menggunakan microwave. Hasil: Kelembaban rendah menyebabkan perubahan suhu transisi kaca dan massa resin akrilik. Penyimpanan lebih lama dari resin akrilik dalam kelembaban rendah, dapat mempengaruhi perubahan yang lebih besar dari suhu transisi kaca dan massa dari resin akrilik. Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelembaban dan penyimpanan yang lebih lama dari resin akrilik dapat mempengaruhi suhu transisi kaca dan perubahan massa.

Spirulina chitosan gel induction on healing process of Cavia cobaya post extraction socket Rostiny Rostiny; Mefina Kuntjoro; Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi; Sherman Salim
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Prominent residual ridge is necessary to gain retention and stabilility for succesful prosthodontic treatment such as removable, fixed or implant. Spirulina is a natural substance that can help tissue healing and chitosan also a natural substance that reported to have the ability to help bone remodelling. The combination gel of spirulina and chitosan could be considered as an alternative material to maintain residual ridge height after tooth extraction. Purpose: The aim of study was to examine the effect of combination gel of Spirulina and chitosan on healing process of Cavia cobaya post tooth extraction socket by counting the amount of osteoclast, osteoblast and colagen as an indicator. Methods: Twenty eight cavia cobaya were divided into 4 groups. Insisive mandible extraction was done and the sockets were filled with 3% CMCNa for control groups, 3% spirulina chitosan 200 mg for group 1, 6% spirulina chitosan 200 mg for group 2, 12% spirulina chitosan 200 mg for group 3. After 30 days, histopathology examination was done by using microscope to count the amount of osteoclast, osteoblast and collagen. Results: Data was analyzed by using Anova and Tukey HSD. For osteoclast, there was no significant different between every groups, while for osteoblast and collagen there was significant different between groups. The results showed that induction of combination gel spirulina chitosan was able to accumulate collagen fiber and resulting faster wound healing. Conclusion: Combination 12% gel spirulina chitosan 200 mg could be used as an alternative material for better bone remodeling after tooth extraction.Latar belakang: Residual ridge yang prominen sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan retensi dan stabilitas untuk menunjang keberhasilan perawatan di bidang prostodonsia seperti pada kasus removable, fixed atau implant. Tindakan pencabutan gigi dapat merusak jaringan periodontal, sementum dan tulang alveolar yang mengakibatkan resorbsi ridge yang besar. Spirulina telah terbukti mempunyai kemampuan untuk membantu penyembuhan tulang sedangkan kitosan mempunyai kemampuan untuk membantu proses pembentukan tulang. Kombinasi kedua bahan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan alternatif untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka dan pembentukan tulang. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti efek induksi kombinasi gel dari Spirulina dan kitosan terhadap proses penyembuhan soket pasca ekstraksi gigi Cavia cobaya dengan indikator jumlah osteoklas, osteoblas dan kolagen. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 28 marmot yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok penelitian. Pencabutan dilakukan pada incisive rahang bawah kemudian soket pencabutan diisi dengan CMCNa 3% pada kelompok control; spirulina 3% chitosan 200 mg pada kelompok perlakuan 1; spirulina 6 % chitosan 200 mg pada kelompok perlakuan 2, dan spirulina 12% citosan 200 mg pada kelompok perlakuan 3. Pada hari ke 30 dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi menggunakan mikroskop untuk menghitung jumlah osteoblas, osteoklas dan kolagen. Hasil: Data dianalisis dengan Anova dan Tukey HSD. Jumlah osteoklas tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara setiap kelompok, sedangkan jumlah osteoblas dan kolagen terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi kombinasi gel spirulina chitosan mampu mengakumulasi serat kolagen dan menghasilkan penyembuhan luka lebih cepat. Simpulan: Kombinasi gel spirulina 12% chitosan 200 mg dapat digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif untuk remodeling tulang yang lebih baik setelah pencabutan gigi.

Evaluation of local muscle soreness treatment with anterior bite splint made of soft putty impression material Harry Laksono; Sherman Salim
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 1 (2013): March 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Local muscle soreness is the most common temporomandibular disorders complaint of patients seeking treatment in the dental clinics. The emergency treatment that can be done in the clinics to manage this disorder is by making anterior bite splint. Anterior bite splint is usually made of acrylic, but currently there is a soft putty impression material that can also be used for making anterior bite splint. The effectiveness of soft putty anterior bite splint in local muscle soreness treatment still has not clear. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of the soft putty impression material as a material used for making anterior bite splint in the treatment of local muscle soreness. Case: Six patients was reported five female patients aged 20-40 years old and one male patient aged 37 years old with local muscle soreness. Four female patients with a “click” sound on TMJ. Case management: Make differential diagnosis with screening history (anamnesis), clinical examination consists of extra oral examination such as muscle and temporomandibular joint palpation, measure the mandibular movement, end-feel, load test, intra oral examination and radiographic evaluation. Record the results and make the diagnosis. Make a soft putty anterior bite splint, adjusted and inserted in the maxillary anterior teeth. Record the results based on signs and symptoms. Conclusion: It can be concluded that anterior bite splint made of soft putty impression material is effective for treatment the local muscle soreness.Latar belakang: Salah satu tipe temporomandibular disorders yang paling sering dijumpai di klinik dokter gigi adalah local muscle soreness. Perawatan yang dapat dengan segera dilakukan di klinik untuk mengelola gangguan tersebut adalah dengan pembuatan anterior bite splint. Biasanya anterior bite splint terbuat dari akrilik, namun saat ini telah ada bahan cetak soft putty yang memungkinkan untuk dipakai sebagai bahan pembuatan anterior bite splint. Efektivitas pemakaian anterior bite splint dari bahan putty untuk perawatan local muscle soreness sampai saat ini masih belum jelas. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas pemakaian bahan cetak soft putty sebagai bahan anterior bite splint pada perawatan local muscle soreness. Kasus: Dilaporkan enam pasien terdiri dari lima pasien wanita usia 24-40 tahun dan satu pasien laki-laki usia 37 tahun dengan diagnosis local muscle soreness. Empat pasien wanita disertai suara “klik” pada sendi. Tatalaksana kasus: membuat diagnosis banding dengan anamnesis, pemeriksaan klinis terdiri dari pemeriksaan di luar rongga mulut yang meliputi palpasi otot pengunyahan dan sendi temporomandibular, mengukur pergerakan rahang bawah, end-feel, uji beban, pemeriksaan di dalam rongga mulut dan radiologis. Mencatat hasil pemeriksaannya dan membuat diagnosis. Setelah itu membuat soft putty anterior bite splint dan melakukan penyesuaian dan pemasangan. Mencatat hasilnya berdasarkan keluhan-keluhan dan tanda-tanda. Kesimpulan: Anterior bite splint yang terbuat dari bahan cetak soft putty efektif untuk perawatan local muscle soreness.

The difference of acrylic resin residual monomer levels with various polymerization method Sherman Salim
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 44 No. 4 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: After polymerization process, heat cured acrylic resin denture base actually still contains residual monomers that can become potential irritants later in oral cavity. Polymerization process is essential to obtain acrylic resin which can meet the requirements of the biocompatible and good physical properties. To meet the requirements, there are several methods of polymerization process used. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of the residual monomer levels of acrylic resin processed by various polymerization methods. Methods: Acrylic resin powder and liquid were mixed based on the rules of factory, and sample was made with size of 30 mm × 50 mm × 3 mm and then polymerized by using microwave at 70° C for 24 hours based on the methods of Japan Industrial Standard (JIS). Each group of samples was cut with weight of ± 0.2 g, dissolved in 5 ml of methyl ethyl ketone in test tubes, and then stored at ± 5° C for four days. Residual monomer level was conducted by using gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Data obtained were then analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA test with p < 0.05. Results: After the level of polymerizing residual monomer with JIS method was compared to that at 70° C for 24 hours using microwave, it is known that there were significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The highest level of residual monomer of acrylic resin was that polymerized at 70° C for 24 hours.Latar belakang: Basis gigi tiruan yang berbahan dasar resin akrilik jenis heat cured setelah proses polimerisasi selesai masih mengandung monomer sisa yang berpotensi sebagai bahan iritan dalam rongga mulut. Proses polimerisasi sangat penting untuk mendapatkan resin akrilik yang memenuhi persyaratan biokompatibilitas dan fisik yang baik. Untuk persyaratan tersebut digunakan berbagai macam proses polimerisasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar monomer sisa resin akrilik yang diproses dengan metode polimerisasi berbeda menggunakan gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Metode: Bubuk dan cairan resin akrilik dicampur sesuai aturan pabrik dan sampel dibuat berukuran 30 mm × 50 mm × 3 mm dipolimerisasi berdasarkan metode Japan Industrial Standard (JIS), suhu 70° C selama 24 jam, dan microwave. Setiap kelompok sampel dipotong seberat ± 0,2 gram dilarutkan 5 ml dalam metil etil keton pada tabung uji dan disimpan suhu ± 5° C selama empat hari, dilakukan analisis kadar monomer sisa dengan gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Data yang diperoleh dianalis ANOVA satu arah dengan nilai p < 0,05. Hasil: Kadar monomer sisa resin akrilik yang berpolimerisasi metode JIS dibandingkan polimerisasi suhu 70° C selama 24 jam dan microwave terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar monomer sisa paling tinggi pada resin akrilik yang dipolimerisasi suhu 70° C selama 24 jam.

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