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From Grievance to Welfare: Reshaping the Identity of Past Gross Violation of Human Rights Victims in Indonesia Citrawan, Harison
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article attempts to describe a shift of identity amongst the victims and survivors of past gross human rights violations in Indonesia, through examining the economic violence of past gross human rights violations in the country and the current available reparative mechanisms Arguably through this examination, and given a wider framework of Indonesia’s transition policy, it could be seen that there is a reshaping of victim’s interest from state’s violence grievances to structural economic vulnerability. This shift is mainly caused by several contributing factors: first is the absence of national level holistic paradigm in resolving the past. This could be depicted in the absence of clear legal framework and the lack of political will to resolve the past; and second is the emerging pragmatic choice made by the government and the (group of) victims/survivors- particularly given the current existing challenge of welfare-based needs faced by the victims/survivors. While the exercised reparative mechanisms- through judicial process and general assistance programs have been considerably useful in empowering the victims/survivors, this situation would potentially fail to portrait the structural (economic) violence that happened in the past.

A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO BILATERAL COOPERATION ON CRIMINAL LAWS: A CASE STUDY ON INDONESIA’S EXTRADITION AND MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATIES Citrawan, Harison; Fedian, Muhammad
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 10, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The effectiveness of bilateral agreements in the context of criminal law enforcement remains highly contested. In the Indonesian context, such bilateral cooperation classifies two modalities of indirect law enforcement systems, namely, extradition and mutual legal assistance (MLA) in criminal matters. This article attempts to explain these modalities through a behavioral and rational approach by taking Indonesia’s MLA treaty with Switzerland and its extradition treaty with the Russian Federation as a case study. From this approach, we argue that the state’s decision to cooperate implies the adoption of control and consensus models. However, these two models were induced by political preferences rather than the sole reliance on the maxim aut dedere aut judicare in criminal laws. At the domestic level, the attitudes of penal entrepreneurship and institutional arrangement showcase the multifaceted state’s rationality in deciding a treaty design in criminal law cooperation.

The Past is Another Country: Designing Amnesty Law for Past Human Rights Violators Citrawan, Harison
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 6, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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In the context past gross human rights violation cases in Indonesia, the President’s constitutional authority to propose amnesty law might by and large implicate legal and ethical aspects. Holistically, any forgiveness and oblivion against any human rights violators should consider the development and the dynamic of international criminal law, which arguably have been directed to an absolute individual criminal responsibility. Against this issue, this paper finds that based on legal and ethical arguments, accompanied with various technical preconditions outlined in the Belfast Guideline on Amnesty and Accountability, an amnesty towards past gross human rights violators must be taken paradigmatically. Arguably, amnesty proceeding through an independent ad hoc committee shall be able to challenge Indonesia’s transitional framework, namely: to work as a historian and a jurist. This suggests that the elements of amnesty, both procedural and substantial, need to work in the area of deliberative democracy that calls for public participation and the protection of human rights.

BISNIS DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA: MEMBANGUN KONTEKS DENGAN LENSA PENCEGAHAN KEKEJAMAN MASSAL Citrawan, Harison
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Some efforts to contextualize the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in Indonesia have been dominated by normative compliance review on the existing national regulations to the norms enshrined under the Principles. This article shall be divided into three parts, commencing from a brief socio-historical description on the landscape of law and development in Indonesia; along with how law and human rights adapted towards the relation between state and corporation since the colonial era. The analysis shall proceed to the types of human rights violation as a result of corporations activities, specifically in natural resource extraction sector. Lastly, an analysis shall be directed to the potential application of mass atrocity lens as a part of integrative efforts on the business and human rights principle into Indonesias context.

Proses Kreasi dalam Penalaran Hukum dari Lensa Temporalitas Citrawan, Harison
Undang: Jurnal Hukum Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/ujh.6.2.309-349

This article examines creative process in legal reasoning from the law as process approach. It specifically analyzes the inherent temporal dimension of legal reasoning. Building on philosophical and phenomenological conversations on legal temporalities, this study argues that creativity in legal reasoning is a process of justification based on scheme of intelligibility that expresses the virtuality of norms and facts into the actual case. Such an expression of the virtual into the actual essentially signifies that time is inherent in law and legal reasoning. At the same time, temporality in legal reasoning is fundamental in recognizing the role of ‘experiential temporal frame’ in facilitating judge’s creative and transformative capacity. Ultimately, borrowing from Postema’s jurisprudential vision of legal time-mindfulness, we will arrive at a conceptualization of creative process in legal reasoning which carries a variety of reflective considerations and transformative potential within a cross-temporal community. Abstrak Artikel ini menjelaskan proses kreasi dalam penalaran hukum dari pendekatan hukum sebagai proses. Secara khusus, analisis dilakukan terhadap dimensi temporalitas yang inheren dalam penalaran hukum. Bertumpu pada studi filsafat dan fenomenologi tentang hukum dan waktu, studi ini berargumen bahwa proses kreasi dalam penalaran hukum merupakan bagian dari sebuah proses justifikasi berdasarkan skema kejelasan dalam mengekspresikan kemayaan norma dan fakta ke dalam kasus nyata. Ekspresi dari yang maya ke yang nyata tersebut pada hakikatnya menandakan bahwa dimensi waktu melekat di dalam hukum dan penalaran hukum. Pada saat yang sama, temporalitas dalam penalaran hukum bersifat fundamental dalam upaya mengenali peran ‘waktu sebagai pengalaman’ yang dapat memfasilitasi kapasitas kreatif dan transformatif para hakim. Akhirnya, meminjam visi yurisprudensi tentang kepekaan hukum atas waktu (legal time-mindfulness) oleh Postema, kita akan tiba pada sebuah konseptualisasi tentang proses kreasi dalam penalaran hukum yang mengemban ragam pertimbangan reflektif serta potensi transformatif di dalam suatu komunitas dari waktu ke waktu.

Model Kontrol Keimigrasian dalam Mencegah Tindak Pidana Terorisme di Indonesia Citrawan, Harison; Nadilla, Sabrina
Lentera Hukum Vol 6 No 1 (2019): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v6i1.9819

This article attempts to elaborate an immigration control model that is capable in preventing terrorist activities in Indonesia. By observing several terrorism case-laws, this study draws a nexus between terrorism and several aspects within immigration, including passport issuance, border control, foreigner surveillance, and visa and entry permit issuance. Technically, in relation to such a nexus, this study finds that the current immigration control model is built upon three elements of duty: namely intelligence, surveillance, and border control. In principle, these three elements ought to be executed as an interconnected cycle. Consequently, a preventive control model should be circular, in the sense that any activities between elements of duty cannot be separated from one another. In order to become an established terrorism prevention mechanism, this control model requires information and data exchange amongst the immigration units. Moreover, any involvements from other institutions, such as police, BNPT, BIN, and NCB-Interpol are also preconditioned to ensure the efficacy of the circular model. Keywords: Immigration, Control, Terrorism

Justisiablitias Hak Ekosob Melalui Mekanisme Individual Communication dalam Optional Protocol To The International Covenant On Economic, Social And Cultural Rights Citrawan, Harison
Jurnal HAM Vol 5, No 2 (2014): December Edition
Publisher : Badan Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan HAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30641/ham.2014.5.143-151

The individual communication mechanism enshrined under the Optional Protocol of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights could be regarded as a form of state’s commitment to make economic, social and cultural (ecosoc) rights justiciable. This paper attempts to depict several aspects of the working mechanism of individual communication exercised by the Ecosoc Rights Committee, including: admissibility of ratione personae, ratione temporis, and ratione materiae. Furthermore, analysis will be taken on the issue of whether such a mechanism could give an effective way to promote state’s compliance on ecosoc rights fulfillment. In brief, this paper concludes several points: first, the Optional Protocol is to be regarded as a compromise between the nature of the rights and the duties ruled under the Covenant; second, the Ecosoc Rights Committee shall accommodate the need of adjudicative body in order to shift the traditional view of ecosoc rights; and third, there is a need of a comprehensive coordination and cooperation amongst both treaty based and charter based human rights institutions, not only on technical issues but also on the legal interpretation method.

PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DAN GENEALOGI HUKUM DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 Citrawan, Harison
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v8i1.4325

This article encapsulates the dialectics between law and science in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. It attempts to appraise the objectivity and normativity of the Health Protocol by rendering both legal and scientific characteristics. As a legal construct, the Protocol is genealogically justified from three discursive aspects of: its position between law and science, its reflection on matter and the materiality of law, and the immanent power within it. A close scrutiny towards the Protocol enables us to grasp legal objectivity and normativity not to be seen as a traditional one-way linear trajectory. In lieu, the force of law derives from plural-micro processes insisting a democratic process of knowledge in it.

THE NON-DOGMATIC IMAGE OF COMPARATIVE LAW Citrawan, Harison
Mimbar Hukum Vol 36 No 2 (2024): Mimbar Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mh.v36i2.12404

Abstract This study discusses the epistemological dimension of critiques of comparative law. It contends that the critiques rest upon what I call mode of differentiation, an epistemology of comparing ‘the other than’ or ‘the different from’. The argument builds upon reexamining some contemporary critical approaches to comparative law from a Deleuzian jurisprudence, a jurisprudential reflection of law as singularity and constant becoming. Particularly, this study makes the case of four modes of differentiation, i.e., distancing, perception, otherness, and movement. These modes of differentiation can be seen as comparativist-at-law’s endeavor to differentiate conscious ideas at work and to attend to the concept-creation of law and lawful relations in foreign legal systems. Accordingly, the image of comparative law must be based on three main features: (1) it seeks perceptual rather than conceptual understanding of law; (2) it is non-dogmatic in a sense that it breaks free from the transcendence in comparison, thus mapping the becoming of legal assemblages; and (3) it abandons hierarchization to the extent that comparison is directed at the openness to problematize, experiment and create. This epistemological move can largely be supportive of the interpretive account of comparative law, seen to be one of the fundamentals in advocating the critical dimension of comparative law. Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas dimensi epistemologis dari kritik terhadap perbandingan hukum. Penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa kritik-kritik tersebut bertumpu pada apa yang saya sebut sebagai modus diferensiasi, yaitu sebuah epistemologi yang membandingkan 'yang lain dari' atau 'yang berbeda dari'. Argumen ini dibangun dengan memeriksa kembali beberapa pendekatan kritis kontemporer terhadap hukum perbandingan dari yurisprudensi Deleuzian, sebuah refleksi yurisprudensial tentang hukum sebagai keunikan dan menjadi konstan. Secara khusus, penelitian ini membahas empat modus diferensiasi, yaitu jarak, persepsi, keanehan, dan pergerakan. Modus-modus diferensiasi ini dapat dilihat sebagai upaya para ahli perbandingan hukum untuk membedakan ide-ide yang disadari di tempat kerja dan untuk memperhatikan penciptaan konsep hukum dan hubungan-hubungan hukum dalam sistem-sistem hukum asing. Oleh karena itu, citra perbandingan hukum harus didasarkan pada tiga fitur utama: (1) mencari pemahaman perseptual daripada pemahaman konseptual tentang hukum; (2) tidak dogmatis dalam arti membebaskan diri dari transendensi dalam perbandingan, dengan demikian memetakan pembentukan kumpulan hukum; dan (3) meninggalkan hirarki sejauh perbandingan diarahkan pada keterbukaan untuk mempermasalahkan, bereksperimen, dan berkreasi. Langkah epistemologis ini sebagian besar dapat mendukung penjelasan interpretatif tentang perbandingan hukum, yang dipandang sebagai salah satu dasar dalam mengadvokasi dimensi kritis dari perbandingan hukum.

MELAMPAUI PEMASYARAKATAN: ANALISIS WACANA HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM KEBIJAKAN KOREKSIONAL INDONESIA Citrawan, Harison
Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia Vol 14, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia - Juni 2017
Publisher : Direktorat Jenderal Peraturan Perundang-undang, Kementerian Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54629/jli.v14i2.87

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis kebijakan sistem pemasyarakatan nasional, secara khusus yang tertuang di dalam Cetak Biru Pembaharuan Pelaksanaan Sistem Pemasyarakatan tahun 2009. Poin krusial yang penting untuk dianalisis adalah bagaimana sebenarnya sistem pemasyarakatan telah diterapkan sebagai bentuk kekuasaan negara untuk mengontrol individu, yang sampai batas tertentu mengemukakan sebuah opresi pihak pertama terhadap yang terakhir. Sebagai konsekuensi, hal ini menyiratkan kebutuhan untuk juga menganalisis wacana hak (asasi) narapidana di dalam sistem tersebut guna menjelaskan jenis ‘perebutan kekuasaan’ di tengah masyarakat. Berdasarkan teknik analisis tersebut, tulisan ini menyimpulkan: pertama ialah wacana pemasyarakatan bersifat ideologis dalam hal relasi kekuasaan antara institusi penjara dengan narapidana. Oleh sebab itu menjadi penting adanya bagi negara untuk pertama-tama mengusung wacana hak asasi manusia ketika mengurus pemasyarakatan, sebagai contoh dalam rencana perubahan undang-undang tentang pemasyarakatan; kedua ialah hak asasi manusia sebagai wacana pesaing dalam business process pemasyarakatan selama ini diperlakukan hanya sebagai tambahan (accessories) dari sebuah sistem kedisiplinan yang dapat disalah-tafsirkan dan disalahgunakan oleh pemerintah. Proses pewacanaan perlindungan hak asasi manusia di dalam perumusan perubahan undang-undang pemasyarakatan perlu dipahami sebagai sebuah langkah yang progresif dalam mengintegrasikan norma dan prinsip hak asasi manusia ke dalam sistem koreksional di Indonesia.

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