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APLIKASI BENTONIT BOYOLALI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEROLEHAN FRAKSI BENSIN PADA PEMBUATAN BAHAN BAKAR DARI SAMPAH PLASTIK DENGAN PROSES DEKOMPOSISI KATALIS Wibowo, Wusana Agung; Lusmono, T. Bagus Tri; Efendi, Tomi Wijanarko
PROSIDING SENATEK FAKULTAS TEKNIK UMP 2015: PROSIDING SENATEK TAHUN 2015, 28 November 2015
Publisher : PROSIDING SENATEK FAKULTAS TEKNIK UMP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan nilai guna dari sampah plastik adalah dengan mengubahnya menjadi bahan bakar menggunakan dekomposisi termal maupun dekomposisi katalis. Dekomposisi katalis memiliki keuntungan dibandingkan dengan termal diantaranya adalah temperatur operasi yang dibutuhkan lebih rendah dan hidrokarbon yang terdapat pada produk dekomposisi lebih banyak memiliki fraksi bensin (Ahmed,I.I., dan Gupta, A.K., 2009). Pada percobaan ini digunakan pyrolizer tipe batch dan analisis densitas menggunakan iwaki pyrex 10mL dan analisis viskositas menggunakan viscometer oswald dan analisis komposisi metode GC-MS menggunakan Shimadzu QP2010 Ultra. Bentonit boyolali dipilih sebagai katalis karena memiliki ukuran pori yang sesuai dan kandungan mineral di dalam bentonit dapat membuat proses cracking lebih cepat. Rasio berat bentonit terhadap sampah plastik yang digunakan adalah 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Padapenelitian yang dilakukan,diperolehfraksibensin palingbesardidapatpadarasioberatbentonit 20% dengan total areasebesar 69,08 % fraksibensinhasildarianalisis GC-MS.Kata kunci : bentonit, bensin, pirolisis, sampah plastik

Adsorption of Sulphur in Biogas by Activated Carbon Derived From Mangrove Fruits (Rhizopora stylosa) as Solid Residue of Natural Dyes Extraction Paryanto, Paryanto; Wibowo, Wusana Agung; Saputra, Nandika Aji; Setyawati, Rosana Budi
METANA Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as impurity in biogas. H2S could react to form sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) during the burning process. The corrosive property of these compounds possibly cause damage the power plant system. Overcoming this problem, activated carbon impregnated with KOH has been proven to work very well in adsorbing H2S. On the other hand, mangrove fruits pulp residue from the natural dyes extraction process has not utilized. Mangrove (Rhizopora stylosa) fruits contain about 50% fixed carbon which is possibly made as activated carbon. The purposes of this research were to determine the adsorption efficiency of H2S in biogas using activated carbon derived from mangrove fruits residue and to determine isotherm equilibrium constants for adsorption. The small scale adsorption devices consist of cooler, flow stabilizer, flow regulator, flow meter and column adsorber. At certain flow rate, biogas was sampled in every 10 minutes and then analyzed using portable H2S gas analyzer. Â Temperatures of biogas entered the adsorption column were in the range of 33-34oC. The optimum biogas flow rate was 4 liter per minute (lpm) for 250 grams (16 cm of height) of activated carbon. We found the adsorption efficiency was decreased by time and still reached 79.6% for 50 minutes contact time. Based on coefficient of correlation value (R2) on isotherm model, Langmuir model is more suitable for the H2S adsorption of biogas in this study. We found the Langmuir equilibrium constant k was 0.033 and maximum adsorption capacity (x/m)max was 0.284 mg/mg.

PEMURNIAN BIOGAS DARI GAS H2S MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DARI BUAH MANGROVE Paryanto, Paryanto; Lutfiani, Rachmi Azizah; Putra, Raka Mancini; Wibowo, Wusana Agung
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v5i1.3393

Biogas layak sebagai bahan bakar mesin pembakaran dalam (internal combustion engine) karena kandungan metana (CH4) yang dimiliki tinggi. Namun, kandungan H2S dalam biogas yang relatif tinggi dapat menyebabkan korosi pada peralatan proses dan berdampak negatif ke lingkungan. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk pemisahan H2S dari biogas adalah dengan adsorpsi menggunakan arang aktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemurnian H2S dalam biogas menggunakan arang aktif dari buah mangrove, serta menentukan konstanta isoterm adsorpsi Freundlich dan Langmuir. Aktivasi adsorben menggunakan larutan KOH 0,5M dan ukuran adsorben pada -3+4 mesh dan -6+8 mesh. Rangkaian alat adsorpsi terdiri dari 3 alat utama yaitu kondenser, flow stabilizer, dan kolom adsorber. Laju alir biogas yang digunakan diatur sebesar 4 liter per menit (lpm) pada suhu ruang dengan tinggi tumpukan adsorben divariasikan pada 6 dan 8 cm. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh daya adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 0,324 mg/gram dengan efisiensi penjerapan H2S mencapai 83,16% pada ukuran adsorben -6+8 mesh dan tinggi tumpukan 8 cm. Konstanta kesetimbangan adsorpsi H2S dengan metode Langmuir diperoleh sebesar -239,981 dan metode Freundlich sebesar 824,89. Berdasarkan nilai koefisien korelasi (R2), model isoterm Langmuir lebih sesuai untuk adsorpsi H2S dalam biogas dengan arang aktif dari ampas magrove. Kata kunci: Biogas, hidrogen sulfida, buah mangrove, karbon aktif, adsorpsi, adsorben.

Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellet using Its Ash as a Low-cost In-situ Catalyst Wibowo, Wusana Agung; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Budiman, Arief
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41887

The thermogravimetric behaviors and the kinetic parameters of uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis processes of a mixture of powdered raw rice husk (RRH) and its ash (RHA) in the form of pellets were determined by thermogravimetric analysis at three different heating rates, i.e., 5, 10, and 20 K/min, from 303 to 873 K. This research aimed to prove that the rice husk ash has a catalytic effect on rice husk pyrolysis. To investigate the catalytic effect of RHA, rice husk pellets (RHP) with the weight ratio of RRH:ARH of 10:2 were used as the sample. Model-free methods, namely Friedman (FR), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), were used to calculate the apparent energy of activation(EA). The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the decomposition of RHP in a nitrogen atmosphere could be divided into three stages: drying stage (303-443 K), the rapid decomposition stage (443-703 K), and the slow decomposition stage (703-873 K). The weight loss percentages of each stage for both uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis of RHP were 2.4-5.7%, 35.5-59.4%, and 2.9-12.2%, respectively. Using the FR, FWO, and KAS methods, the values of Â for the degrees of conversion (a) of 0.1 to 0.65 were in the range of 168-256 kJ/mol for the uncatalyzed pyrolysis and 97-204 kJ/mol for the catalyzed one. We found that the catalyzed pyrolysis led the Â to have values lower than those got by the uncatalyzed one. This phenomenon might prove that RHA has a catalytic effect on RHP pyrolysis by lowering the energy of activation.

Extraction of Natural Dyes from Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunches and Their Application on Cotton Fabric Wusana Agung Wibowo
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/5.2.%p

Natural dyes was extracted from palm’s empty fruit bunches (PEFB) by water extraction and applied for cotton fabric dyeing. The extracted dyes was characterized by liquid mass spectrometry and dyed cotton fabric was characterized by color fastnest to laundering and rubbing tests. Experimental results showed that soxhlet extraction process of PEFB for 80 minutes yielded 13.8%bw of solid dyes to naturally-dried PEFB with 4.15%bw of tannins. Furthermore, production of natural dyes was carried out in a 500 ml flask by extracting 25 g of PEFB in 250 ml of water at 100oC for 120 minutes. Absorbance of extracted dyes was found to be 3.925 at λmax. Cotton fabric dyeing was conducted at room temperature for all steps and post-mordanted by using Alum. The colors of the dyed cotton fabrics were then measured and expressed according to CIELab color system. Furthermore, the color fastnest test results obtained by Stainning Scale and Grey Scale were found to be 4-5 by color differences of 2. These results showed that dyed cotton fabric give a good rank on color fastnest.

PRODUKSI PATI SORGUM TERMODIFIKASI DENGAN METODE ASETILASI Harianingsih Harianingsih; Wusana Agung Wibowo
JURNAL ILMIAH MOMENTUM Vol 12, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36499/jim.v12i1.1454

Sorgum merupakan salah satu tanaman yang bijinya mengandung karbohidrat cukup tinggi mencapai 73 %. Pati termodifikasi adalah pati yang mengalami perlakuan fisik ataupun kimia secara terkendali sehingga mengubah satu atau lebih dari sifat asalnya. Dewasa ini metode yang banyak digunakan untuk memodifikasi pati adalah modifikasi dengan asam, modifikasi dengan enzim, modifikasi dengan oksidasi dan modifikasi ikatan silang. Modifikasi dengan asetilasi menghasilkan produk dengan swelling power, solubility dan viskositas yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu proses modifikasi dengan asetilasi membutuhkan biaya yang lebih rendah, sehingga lebih menguntungkan apabila digunakan pada industri pangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan % asetil dan DS pati sorgum termodifikasi menggunakan metode asetilasi mencapi 43% dan 2,79. Pati sorgum tanpa modifikasi diperoleh swelling power sebesar 0.67 sedangkan untuk pati sorgum termodifikasi sebesar 20,89. Pati sorgum terasetilasi memiliki solubility yang lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 46,22% dibandingkan pati sorgum tanpa asetilasi yaitu sebesar 10,88%. Ketahanan pati terhadap suhu rendah (Freeze Thaw Stability) untuk pati sorgum yang dimodifikasi secara asetilasi yaitu 1,95% sedangkan untuk pati sorgum tanpa asetilasi sebesar 1,07%. Kata kunci : asetilasi, sorgum, termodifikasi

Application of Biogas Production Technology from Various Feedstocks on Small-Medium-Micro Enterprises: A Case Study Ari Diana Susanti; Cornelius Satria Yudha; Leader Firstandika; Paryanto Paryanto; Wusana Agung Wibowo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Volume 2 No 2 July 2018
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v2i2.40433

Biogas production process is an alternative method to reduce dependency on non-renewable fossil-based energy consumption and also can reduce greenhouse gases production both domestically and industrially. The existing biogas technology is suitable to be adapted in small-micro-medium enterprises and domestics, specifically for those who raise cattle. The case study was performed by observation of biogas production with various wastes as feed, namely cow dung, quail manure, and wastewater of tofu production. The study conducted via direct interviews with stake holders and visitations to the instalations. Based on our observation, biogas production from cow dung exhibits the shortest retention time compared to the others, aside from the value of C/N ratio of the biogas feedstocks. The presence of biogas production installations are significantly reducing the energy supplies among the users. Beside as biogas product, the instalations also produce solid and liquid fertilizers as by-products and have relatively high economic value. Socio – engineering problems based on the application of biodigester are also studied.

Optimization of Cow’s Milk Processing into Milk Soap Bar on Small-Medium-Micro Enterprises (UMKM) Ari Diana Susanti; Sulistyo Saputro; Wusana Agung Wibowo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Volume 2 No 2 July 2018
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v2i2.40435

The quality and quantity of cow’s milk produced were determined by the genetic, food, age, milking processing, and the treatment of cattle. The storability of fresh cow's milk tends to be short. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to extend the life time of fresh cow's milk, one of which is by processing fresh cow's milk into other products, such as milk soap bar. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate method of milk soap bar production in home industries capacity and to formulate composition of vegetable oils and fresh cow's milk. The milk soap bar obtained then was analyzed in several laboratory tests such as acidity test (pH), moisture content, free alkaline content, and foam stability. Based on the research, it is turned out that the appropriate method of milk soap bar production was the cold process. The optimum formula is olive oil (11%), coconut oil (22%), palm oil (22%), fresh cow's milk (33%), and NaOH pellets (12% - equivalent to 9.2 N). The free alkaline content will decrease according the curing time. Simpler economic evaluation obtained that the production cost of milk was Rp.6,711.22/package of 80 grams of milk soap bar. Milk soap bar is sold for Rp. 7,000.00 will provide 87.96% after-tax of ROI, 11.7– month of POT, and 65.31% of BEP.

PEMURNIAN BIOGAS DARI GAS H2S MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DARI BUAH MANGROVE Wusana Agung Wibowo; Paryanto Paryanto; Rachmi Azizah Lutfiani; Raka Mancini Putra
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v5i1.3393

Biogas layak sebagai bahan bakar mesin pembakaran dalam (internal combustion engine) karena kandungan metana (CH4) yang dimiliki tinggi. Namun, kandungan H2S dalam biogas yang relatif tinggi dapat menyebabkan korosi pada peralatan proses dan berdampak negatif ke lingkungan. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk pemisahan H2S dari biogas adalah dengan adsorpsi menggunakan arang aktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemurnian H2S dalam biogas menggunakan arang aktif dari buah mangrove, serta menentukan konstanta isoterm adsorpsi Freundlich dan Langmuir. Aktivasi adsorben menggunakan larutan KOH 0,5M dan ukuran adsorben pada -3+4 mesh dan -6+8 mesh. Rangkaian alat adsorpsi terdiri dari 3 alat utama yaitu kondenser, flow stabilizer, dan kolom adsorber. Laju alir biogas yang digunakan diatur sebesar 4 liter per menit (lpm) pada suhu ruang dengan tinggi tumpukan adsorben divariasikan pada 6 dan 8 cm. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh daya adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 0,324 mg/gram dengan efisiensi penjerapan H2S mencapai 83,16% pada ukuran adsorben -6+8 mesh dan tinggi tumpukan 8 cm. Konstanta kesetimbangan adsorpsi H2S dengan metode Langmuir diperoleh sebesar -239,981 dan metode Freundlich sebesar 824,89. Berdasarkan nilai koefisien korelasi (R2), model isoterm Langmuir lebih sesuai untuk adsorpsi H2S dalam biogas dengan arang aktif dari ampas magrove. Kata kunci: Biogas, hidrogen sulfida, buah mangrove, karbon aktif, adsorpsi, adsorben.

Kinetics of In-Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellets Using a Multi-Component Kinetics Model Wusana Agung Wibowo; Rochim Bakti Cahyono; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Arief Budiman
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2023: BCREC Volume 18 Issue 1 Year 2023 (April 2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17226

Ash-based catalysts, as low-cost materials, are applicable in biomass pyrolysis and play a role in lowering the activation energy. This study enriched the insights of different method of catalyst addition into biomass in the catalytic pyrolysis. The addition of rice husk ash as a catalyst into rice husk pellets allows for better solid-solid contact between the biomass and the catalyst, since the common methods were only solid mixing. This research aimed to investigate the thermal characteristics and kinetics of the biomass components (hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin) in the in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk pellets with the addition of husk ash. The three-independent parallel reaction kinetics model was used to calculate the kinetics parameters based on thermogravimetric analysis conducted at 303-873 K with various heating rates (5, 10, 20 K/min) and ash addition ratios (10:0, 10:1, 10:2). The thermogram shows that the pyrolysis of rice husk pellets was divided into two stages. Stage 1, ranging from 510-650 K, represented the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose, occurring faster with high mass loss, while Stage 2, starting at around 650 K, represented lignin decomposition, occurring more slowly with low mass loss. The catalytic activity of the ash was only apparent at high temperatures, where cellulose and lignin decomposition were more dominant. Activation energy, as a representation of catalytic activity for each component, was not always lower in catalytic pyrolysis. However, the average activation energy decreased with increasing heating rates and ash addition ratios. The addition of the catalyst slowed the decomposition of hemicellulose but accelerated the decomposition of cellulose and lignin. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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