Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Hakikat Manusia Dalam Al-Qurâ€™an: Kajian Tafsir Tematik Abdul Wahid; Hilman Ismail Firdaus
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara konseptual hakikat manusia dalam Al-Qurâ€™an. Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan karena di satu sisi, kehadiran manusia di muka bumi tidak terlepas dari visi dan misi Allah. Selain itu, sumber daya manusia memegang peranan besar terhadap kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran dunia. Sementara di sisi lain, keunikan manusia membuat penelitian ini menjadi penting dilakukan. Dengan menelusuri ayat-ayat Al-Qurâ€™an tentang manusia dan menelaahnya secara tematik, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa manusia merupakan makhluk yang paling menakjubkan, makhluk multidimensi yang unik, dan makhluk yang memiliki potensi yang besar, serta manusia dapat dikatakan sebagai makhluk yang paling sempurna. Manusia di dalam Al-Qurâ€™an memiliki makna umum seperti al-insÄn, al-basyar, al-ins, dan al-nas. Kata al-insÄn dapat dihubungkan ke dalam tiga aspek. Pertama, insan dihubungkan dengan keistimewaannya sebagai khalifah. Kedua, insan dihubungkan dengan kecenderungan negatif diri manusia. Ketiga, insan dihubungkan dengan proses penciptaan manusia. Insan menunjuk pada sifat-sifat psikologis atau spiritual; al-nas mengacu pada manusia sebagai makhluk sosial; al-basyar menunjuk pada manusia dari aspek makhluk fisik; dan Bani Adam menyeru kepada keturunan umat manusia yang berasal dari Nabi Adam.Kata Kunci: Hakikat Manusia, Al-Qurâ€™an, Tafsir TematikÂ AbstractThis study aims to conceptually analyze human nature in the Qur'an. This research needs to be done because on the one hand, human presence on earth cannot be separated from God's vision and mission. In addition, human resources play a major role in the welfare and prosperity of the world. While on the other hand, the uniqueness of humans makes this research important. By tracing the verses of the Qur'an about humans and examining them thematically, this study finds that humans are the most amazing creatures, unique multidimensional beings, and creatures that have great potential, and humans can be said to be the most perfect creatures. Humans in the Qur'an have general meanings such as al-insÄn, al-basyar, al-ins, al-nas. The word al-insÄn can be related to three aspects. First, humans are associated with their privileges as caliphs. Second, humans are associated with the negative tendencies of human beings. Third, humans are connected with the process of human creation. Insan refers to psychological or spiritual qualities; al-nas refers to humans as social beings; al-basyar refers to humans from the aspect of physical beings; and Bani Adam called to the descendants of mankind who came from the Prophet Adam.Keywords: Human Nature, Al-Qur'an, Thematic Interpretation

Sejarah Perkembangan Hukum Islam Abdul Wahid; Jalaludin Jalaludin
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

AbstrakTÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' adalah literatur yang sangat populer di kalangan pesantren dan universitas. TÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' belum banyak menarik minat para peneliti sejarah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali literatur tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' dengan pendekatan sejarah. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«', meskipun terlihat 'modern' dari segi kelahirannya, tidak jauh berbeda dengan literatur sejarah klasik. Secara sederhana tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' dapat diartikan sebagai sejarah terbentuknya peraturan perundang-undangan dalam Islam, baik pada masa risalah Nabi Muhammad SAW. maupun masa sesudahnya, ditinjau dari zaman terbentuknya undang-undang tersebut, dengan proses penghapusan dan kekosongan, serta yang terkait dengan fuqaha dan mujtahid, yang berperan dalam proses pembentukannya. Bagi umat Islam, keberadaan pengadilan agama dengan syariat Islam adalah sesuatu yang mutlak. Karena hukum Islam memang telah diberikan melalui Al-Qur'an, ia telah ada dan tertuang dalam Lauh al-Mahfudz sejak zaman dahulu. Dari sudut pandang ini, hukum Islam adalah kehendak Tuhan yang diwahyukan. Bahwa hukum lahir dan berkembang dengan kehidupan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Hukum Islam, TÄrÄ«kh al-TashrÄ«'Â AbstractTÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' was a very popular literature among Islamic boarding schools and universities. TÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' has not attracted much interest from historical researchers. This article attempts to explore the literature of tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' with a historical approach. This was article argues that tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«', although it looks 'modern' from the point of view of its birth, does not differ much from classical historical literature. In simple terms tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' can be defined as the history of the formation of legislation in Islam, either during the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW treatise or the period after it, from the perspective of the era in which these laws were formed, along with the process of abolition and emptiness, as well as those related to the fuqaha. and mujtahids who played a role in the process of its formation. For Muslims, the existence of a religious court of Islamic law is something that is absolute. Because Islamic law has indeed been given through the Qur'an, it has existed and is contained in Lauh al-Mahfudz since ancient times. From this point of view, Islamic law is the revealed will of God. That the law was born and developed with people's lives.Keywords: History, Islamic Law, TÄrÄ«kh al-TashrÄ«'

The Educational Management based on Student Behavior at SMPIT Insan Kamil, South Halmahera Asep Sofyan; Abdul Wahid; Juhrah M. Arib
Tadbir : Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Curup

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29240/jsmp.v6i2.5298

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the educational management based on student behavior at SMPIT Insan Kamil, South Halmahera. This research is a field research and uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Primary data were obtained from field observations, and interviews with research informants consisting of students and teachers, while literature such as journal articles and books were used as secondary data. The research data were analyzed using inductive analysis. This study found that the implementation of student behavior-based education management at SMPIT Insan Kamil was carried out through two activities, namely intracurricular and extracurricular activities. Character values obtained from intracurricular activities include Islamic religious values, discipline, honesty, and responsibility. While the character values obtained from extracurricular activities include Islamic religious values, discipline, honesty, responsibility, high curiosity, tolerance, national spirit and love for the homeland, respect for achievements, and care for the environment and social.

Al-Qur'ān Interpretation Pattern by Adi Hidayat on Adi Hidayat Official YouTube Channel M. Suryadinata; Abdul Wahid; Ernawati Ernawati; Juhrah M. Arib; Sudarmadi Putra
AL QUDS : Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis Vol 6, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Curup

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29240/alquds.v6i3.5089

This study aims to analyze Adi Hidayat's al-Qur'ān interpretation on an official YouTube channel. It ensures that the public is not exposed to inferior information as the use of new media to interpret the al-Qur'ān in the digital age increases and regulation becomes more complex. Therefore, new problems in the al-Qur'ān interpretation are inevitable. Becoming a mufassīr necessitates expertise, and the al-Qur'ān interpretation should adhere to the same rules. A qualitative and virtual ethnographic approach was used to analyze the data. Primary data was obtained from Adi Hidayat's video interpretation of sūrah an-Nūr, sūrah Yusūf, and tafsīr on the Jewish genealogy history, as well as studies on Islamic questions and answers. Similarly, books and journals were used as secondary data and analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that Adi Hidayat's interpretation style was lugāwī and tended to use the mauḍū'i than the tahlīlī method with the bil ma'sūr and bil ra'yi approaches. Additionally, the tafsīr book was not the only source of interpretation and tends to rely on personal ijtihād through language analysis, as well as reviewing the wisdom of a verse rather than explaining the global meaning. This study contributes to the discovery of the al-Qur'ān interpretation aspects by Adi Hidayat. It shows the importance of social media as an essential tool for mufassīr because of its easy accessibility for the public.

Analysis of the Effect of Islamic Character Education, Multicultural Learning, and Extracurricular Activities on the Character Building of Pesantren Students in Central Java Meriyati Meriyati; Siminto Siminto; Abdul Wahid
West Science Social and Humanities Studies Vol. 2 No. 06 (2024): West Science Social and Humanities Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsshs.v2i06.1017

This study explores the influence of Islamic character education, multicultural learning, and extracurricular activities on the character building of students in Islamic boarding schools in Central Java. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a survey method to collect data from 150 students. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicated that Islamic character education, multicultural learning, and extracurricular activities all had significant positive impacts on character building, with path coefficients of, respectively. The model explained 52% of the variance in character building. These findings underscore the importance of integrating religious teachings, multicultural perspectives, and extracurricular engagement in educational curricula to foster the holistic development of students. The study offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers in enhancing character education programs within Islamic boarding schools.

Eksistensi dan Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Kolonial Belanda Abdul Wahid
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v6i3.3799

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis eksistensi dan kebijakan pendidikan Islam pada masa kolonial Belanda. Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan karena eksistensi pendidikan Islam di Indonesia tidak lepas dari proses sejarah yang mengalami pasang surut. Sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia telah mengalami perubahan yang luar biasa, yang tidak lepas dari era kolonialisme. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Sumber data penelitian diperoleh dari bahan pustaka setelah secara sungguh-sungguh mempelajari berbagai literatur yang relevan terkait kebijakan pendidikan Islam pada masa kolonial Belanda. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa hegemoni pendidikan Belanda dalam mengatur kebijakan pendidikan Islam, khususnya yang diusung oleh lembaga pendidikan Islam di Indonesia, didasarkan pada nalar politik, ideologis, dan kultural ala kolonialis untuk memaksakan pengaruh pemerintahannya terhadap masyarakat pribumi Indonesia. Sehingga memunculkan analisa terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Belanda pada masa penjajahannya di Indonesia, ternyata banyak merugikan umat Islam. Kesimpulannya, temuan tersebut membuat pendidikan Islam kurang fleksibel dan sulit untuk dikembangkan. Meski demikian, upaya memperjuangkan dan mempertahankan pendidikan Islam terus diwujudkan dengan mendirikan beberapa lembaga pendidikan Islam seperti pondok pesantren dan madrasah. Â Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Pendidikan, Kolonial Belanda, Pendidikan IslamÂ AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the existence and policies of Islamic education during the Dutch colonial period. This research is necessary because the existence of Islamic education in Indonesia cannot be separated from the historical process that has gone through ups and downs. The history of education in Indonesia has undergone extraordinary changes, which cannot be separated from the era of colonialism. A qualitative method with a descriptive approach was used to analyze the data. Research data sources were obtained from library materials after seriously studying various relevant literature related to Islamic education policies in the Dutch colonial era. This study found that the hegemony of Dutch education in regulating Islamic education policies, especially those promoted by Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, was based on colonialist-style political, ideological and cultural reasoning to impose influence over its governance on indigenous Indonesians. So that it gives rise to an analysis of the policies issued by the Dutch government during their colonization of Indonesia, it turns out that many are detrimental to Muslims. The conclusion is that these findings make Islamic education less flexible and difficult to develop. Nevertheless, efforts to fight for and maintain Islamic education continue to realize by establishing several Islamic educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools and madrasas. Keywords: Education Policy, Dutch Colonial, Islamic Education

Inklusivisme dan Multikulturalisme dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Modern: Studi Pondok Pesantren SPMAA Lamongan Robby Kharisma; Abdul Wahid
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v6i3.3820

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model pendidikan inklusif-multikultural dalam menumbuhkan karakter humanis dan religius para santri di Pondok Pesantren Sumber Pendidikan Mental Agama Allah (SPMAA) Lamongan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, dimana Pondok Pesantren SPMAA Lamongan menjadi latar penelitian. Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa model pendidikan inklusif-multikultural di Pondok Pesantren SPMAA Lamongan dilakukan dengan cara menerapkan konsep Tiga Proyek Besar (TPB) pada seluruh santri. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam konsep TPB dapat menumbuhkan rasa kasih sayang, sikap saling menghormati dan kepekaan rasa pada sesama manusia tanpa memandang latar belakang. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan inklusif-multikultural merupakan suatu bentuk upaya dalam membangun cara pandang dan pemahaman, serta kesadaran para santri dalam menyikapi berbagai realitas yang ada di sekitar mereka.Kata Kunci: Model Pendidikan, Inklusivisme, Multikulturalisme, Lembaga Pendidikan Islam, Konsep TBPÂ AbstractThis study aims to analyze the inclusive-multicultural education model in cultivating the humanist and religious character of the santri at the Islamic Boarding School for the Spiritual Education of Allah's Religion (SPMAA) Lamongan. This research is a qualitative type with a case study approach, where the SPMAA Lamongan Islamic Boarding School is the background of the research. The research findings show that the inclusive-multicultural education model at the SPMAA Lamongan Islamic Boarding School is carried out by applying the concept of the Three Big Projects (TPB) to all students. The values contained in the TPB concept can foster a sense of affection, mutual respect and sensitivity to fellow human beings regardless of background. This study concludes that inclusive-multicultural education is a form of effort in building perspectives and understanding, as well as awareness of the students in responding to the various realities that exist around them.Keywords: Educational Model, Inclusivism, Multiculturalism, Islamic Educational Institutions, TBP Concept

Implementasi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu Dalam Meningkatkan Layanan Pendidikan di Sekolah Insan Cendekia Madani Serpong Abdul Wahid; Tubagus Imam Santoso
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v6i3.3928

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dalam meningkatkan layanan pendidikan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, dimana Sekolah Insan Cendekia Madani Serpong menjadi lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan empat hal. Pertama, Manajemen Mutu Terpadu (MMT) adalah manajemen fungsional dengan pendekatan yang secara terus menerus difokuskan pada peningkatan kualitas, agar produknya sesuai dengan standar kualitas dari masyarakat yang dilayani dalam pelaksanaan tugas pelayanan umum dan pembangunan masyarakat. Kedua, prinsip MMT mencakup kepuasan pelanggan, respek terhadap semua orang, kepemimpinan, dan perbaikan terus menerus. Ketiga, ukuran produktivitas pendidikan terdiri dari produktivitas internal dan eksternal. Produktivitas internal, yaitu hasil yang dapat diukur secara kuantitatif seperti jumlah atau persentase lulusan sekolah, jumlah gedung yang dibangun. Sementara produktivitas eksternal menyangkut hasil yang tidak dapat diukur secara kuantitatif. Keempat, program berkelanjutan dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu karyawan Insan Cendekia Madani Serpong. Program-program yang dimaksud adalah Kajian Bulanan, Kajian Bersama Mentor, Seminar dan Pelatihan, serta Tahsin Qurâ€™an.Kata Kunci: Manajemen Mutu Terpadu, Layanan Pendidikan, Produktivitas PendidikanÂ AbstractThis study aims to analyse the implementation of Integrated Quality Management in improving education services. This research is included in the quantitative type with a case study approach, where the Serpong Cendekia Madani School is the research location. This research concludes four things. First, Integrated Quality Management is functional management with an approach that is continuously focused on improving quality, so that its products comply with the quality standards of the people served in the implementation of public service tasks and community development. Second, the principles of Integrated Quality Management include customer satisfaction, respect for everyone, leadership, and continuous improvement. Third, the measure of education productivity consists of internal and external productivity. Internal productivity, namely results that can be measured quantitatively such as the number or percentage of school graduates, the number of buildings built. Meanwhile, external productivity concerns result that cannot be measured quantitatively. Fourth, a sustainable program in order to improve the quality of the employees of Insan Cendekia Madani Serpong. The programs in question are Monthly Study, Mentor Joint Study, Seminar and Training, and Tahsin Qur'an.Keywords: Integrated Quality Management, Educational Services, Educational Productivity

Hakikat Manusia Dalam Al-Qurâ€™an: Kajian Tafsir Tematik Abdul Wahid; Hilman Ismail Firdaus
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v6i2.4010

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara konseptual hakikat manusia dalam Al-Qurâ€™an. Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan karena di satu sisi, kehadiran manusia di muka bumi tidak terlepas dari visi dan misi Allah. Selain itu, sumber daya manusia memegang peranan besar terhadap kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran dunia. Sementara di sisi lain, keunikan manusia membuat penelitian ini menjadi penting dilakukan. Dengan menelusuri ayat-ayat Al-Qurâ€™an tentang manusia dan menelaahnya secara tematik, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa manusia merupakan makhluk yang paling menakjubkan, makhluk multidimensi yang unik, dan makhluk yang memiliki potensi yang besar, serta manusia dapat dikatakan sebagai makhluk yang paling sempurna. Manusia di dalam Al-Qurâ€™an memiliki makna umum seperti al-insÄn, al-basyar, al-ins, dan al-nas. Kata al-insÄn dapat dihubungkan ke dalam tiga aspek. Pertama, insan dihubungkan dengan keistimewaannya sebagai khalifah. Kedua, insan dihubungkan dengan kecenderungan negatif diri manusia. Ketiga, insan dihubungkan dengan proses penciptaan manusia. Insan menunjuk pada sifat-sifat psikologis atau spiritual; al-nas mengacu pada manusia sebagai makhluk sosial; al-basyar menunjuk pada manusia dari aspek makhluk fisik; dan Bani Adam menyeru kepada keturunan umat manusia yang berasal dari Nabi Adam.Kata Kunci: Hakikat Manusia, Al-Qurâ€™an, Tafsir TematikÂ AbstractThis study aims to conceptually analyze human nature in the Qur'an. This research needs to be done because on the one hand, human presence on earth cannot be separated from God's vision and mission. In addition, human resources play a major role in the welfare and prosperity of the world. While on the other hand, the uniqueness of humans makes this research important. By tracing the verses of the Qur'an about humans and examining them thematically, this study finds that humans are the most amazing creatures, unique multidimensional beings, and creatures that have great potential, and humans can be said to be the most perfect creatures. Humans in the Qur'an have general meanings such as al-insÄn, al-basyar, al-ins, al-nas. The word al-insÄn can be related to three aspects. First, humans are associated with their privileges as caliphs. Second, humans are associated with the negative tendencies of human beings. Third, humans are connected with the process of human creation. Insan refers to psychological or spiritual qualities; al-nas refers to humans as social beings; al-basyar refers to humans from the aspect of physical beings; and Bani Adam called to the descendants of mankind who came from the Prophet Adam.Keywords: Human Nature, Al-Qur'an, Thematic Interpretation

Sejarah Perkembangan Hukum Islam Abdul Wahid; Jalaludin Jalaludin
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v6i2.4011

AbstrakTÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' adalah literatur yang sangat populer di kalangan pesantren dan universitas. TÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' belum banyak menarik minat para peneliti sejarah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali literatur tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' dengan pendekatan sejarah. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«', meskipun terlihat 'modern' dari segi kelahirannya, tidak jauh berbeda dengan literatur sejarah klasik. Secara sederhana tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' dapat diartikan sebagai sejarah terbentuknya peraturan perundang-undangan dalam Islam, baik pada masa risalah Nabi Muhammad SAW. maupun masa sesudahnya, ditinjau dari zaman terbentuknya undang-undang tersebut, dengan proses penghapusan dan kekosongan, serta yang terkait dengan fuqaha dan mujtahid, yang berperan dalam proses pembentukannya. Bagi umat Islam, keberadaan pengadilan agama dengan syariat Islam adalah sesuatu yang mutlak. Karena hukum Islam memang telah diberikan melalui Al-Qur'an, ia telah ada dan tertuang dalam Lauh al-Mahfudz sejak zaman dahulu. Dari sudut pandang ini, hukum Islam adalah kehendak Tuhan yang diwahyukan. Bahwa hukum lahir dan berkembang dengan kehidupan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Hukum Islam, TÄrÄ«kh al-TashrÄ«'Â AbstractTÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' was a very popular literature among Islamic boarding schools and universities. TÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' has not attracted much interest from historical researchers. This article attempts to explore the literature of tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' with a historical approach. This was article argues that tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«', although it looks 'modern' from the point of view of its birth, does not differ much from classical historical literature. In simple terms tÄrÄ«kh al-tashrÄ«' can be defined as the history of the formation of legislation in Islam, either during the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW treatise or the period after it, from the perspective of the era in which these laws were formed, along with the process of abolition and emptiness, as well as those related to the fuqaha. and mujtahids who played a role in the process of its formation. For Muslims, the existence of a religious court of Islamic law is something that is absolute. Because Islamic law has indeed been given through the Qur'an, it has existed and is contained in Lauh al-Mahfudz since ancient times. From this point of view, Islamic law is the revealed will of God. That the law was born and developed with people's lives.Keywords: History, Islamic Law, TÄrÄ«kh al-TashrÄ«'

Title

Found 10 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 10 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 10 Documents
Search