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Journal : Journal of Language and Literature

The Relation between Christianity and Colonialism in Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s The River Between Iskarna, Tatang
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 18, No 2 (2018): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (760.533 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v18i2.1596

Abstract

This article is aimed at describing how the relation between Christianity and colonialism is constructed in The River Between (1965), a novel by Ngugi wa Thiong’o. Using postcolonial approach focusing on the analysis of the characters and conflicts, this study reveals the mutual relation between Christianity and colonialism. Christianity becomes the ideological apparatus to build a colonial myth, doctrine, or perspective, while Christian missionaries gain the colonizers’ support from the colonial administrators. Their antagonistic relation can be explored through the natives’ re-reading of the Bible to review the colonialism and get rid of the colonial bondage. As postcolonial literature, The River Between offers counter-discourse against colonialism. However, some parts of the text are still slipped in the colonial hegemony.Keywords: Christianity, colonialism, postcolonialism, ideological apparatus, counter-discourse 
The Relation between Christianity and Colonialism in Ngugi Wa Thiongos The River Between Tatang Iskarna
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 18, No 2 (2018): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (760.533 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v18i2.1596

Abstract

This article is aimed at describing how the relation between Christianity and colonialism is constructed in The River Between (1965), a novel by Ngugi wa Thiongo. Using postcolonial approach focusing on the analysis of the characters and conflicts, this study reveals the mutual relation between Christianity and colonialism. Christianity becomes the ideological apparatus to build a colonial myth, doctrine, or perspective, while Christian missionaries gain the colonizers support from the colonial administrators. Their antagonistic relation can be explored through the natives re-reading of the Bible to review the colonialism and get rid of the colonial bondage. As postcolonial literature, The River Between offers counter-discourse against colonialism. However, some parts of the text are still slipped in the colonial hegemony.Keywords: Christianity, colonialism, postcolonialism, ideological apparatus, counter-discourse
The Effects of Colonialism toward the Timorese as depicted in Nesi’s Orang-Orang Oetimu Catharina Brameswari; Tatang Iskarna; Monica Angela Nadine Titaley
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 22, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (479.385 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v22i1.3831

Abstract

This research scrutinizes the effects of colonialism toward the Timorese in Oetimu as depicted in the novel of Orang-Orang Oetimu by Felix K. Nesi. From the perspective of postcolonial criticism, the combination of the invasion of the Portuguese, Japanese, and Indonesian in East Timor leaves changes in social structure and relations among the Timorese. This study aims to unveil from postcolonial view, especially Said, Gandhi, Foulcer and Day, the destructive cultural and social effect, clash of local parties, and hidden colonial power which still exists in the Timorese society. Colonialism in East Timor operated by Portuguese, Japan, and Indonesia brought about physical, social, and cultural conflicts. Portuguese colonialism impacted on the socio-political friction among Timorese and destructive vanishing of their culture. Japanese colonialism left trauma amongst them as physical oppression was often used to have domination over the people. Indonesian invasion also resulted in horizontal conflicts amongst the Timorese. Violence and corrupt culture became new perspective in solving the problems. Presenting the colonial conflicts and destructive cultural effects, the novel voices postcolonial discourse that the effect of colonialism can last long and its ideology of binary opposition and cultural justification of domination in the name of civilization can be reproduced.
Alternative Models of Electronic Literary Criticism: Intermedial and Ergodic Tatang Iskarna
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 23, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v23i1.5946

Abstract

Electronic literature, known as cyber or digital literature, has elicited negative and favourable responses. Negative reactions centre on disagreements regarding its definition and the author's quality and authenticity. Positive reflexes include its rapid and massive distribution, publication, and subversion against the dominant establishment of printed literature. Its open space for creativity due to the addition of multimedia and its intensive interaction between writers and readers also become beneficial values. Despite the negative and favourable backlash, electronic literary criticism development has not yet been widely discussed. Electronic academic critique models are rarely debated due to a lack of consensus on their definitions, interdisciplinarity, and technological obstacles. This article attempts to propose alternate models for electronic literary criticism, viewing it as a new genre. This literary analysis offers alternatives based on its significant elements: technology (platform), immersive experience and interactivity (the reader’s involvement), literary work (various electronic types), and accessibility (wide range of readers). Considering that electronic literature combines literature, technology, and digital media to interpret works and investigate the relationships between technology, authorship, and readership, its criticism needs to broaden its area which includes technology. Intermedial and ergodic criticism can be the alternatives to approach this new genre.
Threads of Tradition: Native American Women’s Resistance and Resilience in Piatote’s “Beading Lesson” Pukan, Elisabeth Oseanita; Rosiandani, Ni Luh Putu; Iskarna, Tatang
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 23, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v23i2.7107

Abstract

Resistance literature’s significance to empower the weak cannot be overemphasized. This article examines “Beading Lesson” by Native American (NA) women author, Beth Piatote. The short fiction highlights the importance of NA women’s roles within their communities. Utilizing the Indigenous feminist framework, this study applies seven analytical categories of resistance by Baaz et al. and integrates Southwick et al.’s concepts of resilience to examine how the narrator navigates through historical trauma and hardships. In the narrative, issues such as tumultuous relations with the U.S. government, exploitation, incarceration,  cultural erasure, and change of gender roles, are brought up in the story through the light-toned monologue of an aunt, the narrator,  who is teaching her niece how to bead. Contrasted to this backdrop of historical trauma and adversities is the narrator’s resistance and resilience embedded in her everyday actions. The findings revealed that the narrator employs discreet and non-confrontational forms of resistance demonstrated through routine activities such as beading, teaching, storytelling, and engaging in powwow rituals. These seemingly ordinary activities are actually powerful acts of resistance as they assert the narrator’s original gender role as keeper of tradition within the context of NA culture. The narrator’s resilience is firmly grounded in her strong sense of identity as an NA woman. By engaging in various forms of resistance, she not only challenges the oppressive system but also helps foster collective resilience in her community. As resistance literature, this short fiction reveals the multifaceted forms of resistance and resilience within NA communities.