Junianto Talunga, Junianto
Sekretariat Badan Koordinasi Penyuluhan Pertanian, Perikanan dan Kehutanan, Sulawesi Utara

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Proximate composition of tilapia feed formulated with varying levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf flour Talunga, Junianto; Kreckhoff, Reni Lucia; Lintang, Rosita A. J.; Sambali, Hariyani; Pangemanan, Novie Pankie Lukas; Salaki, Christina Leta; Sumilat, Deiske Adeliene
AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): OCTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jasm.v13i2.64291

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of incorporating moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) at varying concentrations into feed formulations on the proximate composition of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed. Five experimental treatments were tested, with moringa leaf flour inclusion levels of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. A proximate analysis was conducted to determine moisture, ash, fat, protein, and crude fiber content. The results indicated that only the control feed (0%) and the feed containing 10% moringa leaf flour met the required protein standards for formulated feed, at 30% and 25%, respectively. Feeds with higher inclusion levels had protein content below the minimum threshold. The lowest crude fiber content (14.98%) was recorded in the 10% treatment, which was lower than that of the control. Ash, fat, and moisture contents remained relatively stable across all treatments and within acceptable ranges for fish feed. The formulation with 10% moringa leaf flour provided the optimal nutritional profile, delivering adequate protein (25%) and the lowest crude fiber (14.98%), thereby meeting nutritional requirements without compromising digestibility. Based on proximate analysis, moringa leaf flour shows potential as an efficient alternative feed ingredient for tilapia aquaculture.
The Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves as a Natural Anti-Stress Ingredient in Fish Feed Based on Qualitative Phytochemical Screening Talunga, Junianto; Kreckhoff, Reni Lucia; Lintang, Rosita A. J.; Sambali, Hariyani; Pangemanan, Novie Pankie Lukas; Sumilat, Deiske Adeliene; Salaki, Christina Leta
JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jplt.13.3b.2025.65055

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves as a natural anti-stress ingredient in fish feed through qualitative phytochemical screening. The extraction was conducted using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by solvent evaporation using a rotary evaporator and phytochemical assays employing Dragendorff, Wagner, Mayer, AlCl₃, FeCl₃, concentrated H₂SO₄, and froth tests to identify major groups of bioactive metabolites. The results confirmed a very strong presence of alkaloids, along with positive reactions for flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, and triterpenoids, while steroids were not detected. This metabolite profile indicates antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities that are relevant for reducing physiological stress in fish. These findings demonstrate that ethanol extracts of M. oleifera leaves possess practical potential as an anti-stress feed additive capable of enhancing fish resilience to biotic and abiotic stressors in intensive aquaculture. Practically, the use of M. oleifera leaves offers an accessible and economical natural ingredient for the development of functional aquafeed formulations. Keywords: antistress, aquaculture, moringa leaves, phytochemistry, bioactive compounds   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai potensi daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai bahan anti-stres alami dalam pakan ikan melalui skrining fitokimia kualitatif. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, diikuti penguapan menggunakan rotary evaporator dan pengujian fitokimia menggunakan pereaksi Dragendorff, Wagner, Mayer, AlCl₃, FeCl₃, H₂SO₄ pekat, serta uji busa untuk mengidentifikasi golongan metabolit bioaktif. Hasil menunjukkan keberadaan alkaloid sangat kuat, serta flavonoid, tanin, saponin, fenolik, dan triterpenoid dengan reaksi positif, sementara steroid tidak terdeteksi. Profil metabolit tersebut mengindikasikan aktivitas antioksidan, imunomodulator, antimikroba, dan antiinflamasi yang relevan untuk menurunkan stres fisiologis pada ikan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kelor memiliki potensi aplikatif sebagai aditif pakan antistres yang dapat meningkatkan ketahanan ikan terhadap stres biotik dan abiotik dalam budidaya intensif. Secara praktis, pemanfaatan daun kelor berpeluang mendukung formulasi pakan fungsional berbahan alami yang mudah diperoleh dan ekonomis bagi industri akuakultur.   Kata kunci: antistres, budidaya, daun kelor, fitokimia, senyawa bioaktif