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All Journal Science and Technology Indonesia JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL NATURAL RESOURCES (JCNaR) Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
Lamhot Parulian Manalu, Lamhot Parulian
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Enhancing Iota Carrageenan Soft Capsules with Modified Starch Perwatasari, Dayu Dian; Putri, Renny Primasari Gustia; Puspantari, Widya; Royanti, Ida; Wibowo, Des Saputro; Hidayat, Taufik; Wahyuni, Tuti; Purwoto, Heri; Manalu, Lamhot Parulian; Laksono, Hendrawan
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.183-190

Abstract

Due to the increasing demand for gelatin alternatives, iota carrageenan, a polymer derived from seaweed, is being explored as a potential base material for soft capsule production. However, the rheological properties of iota carrageenan alone are insufficient for commercial manufacturing, necessitating the addition of fillers such as modified starches. This study evaluates the performance of iota carrageenan-based soft capsule shells using modified cassava, potato, and sago starches as fillers. Various mechanical and rheological properties were assessed, including elongation, stickiness, tensile strength, and viscosity. The results demonstrated that modified cassava starch provided the best overall balance of mechanical properties, exhibiting superior moldability (47.56 mm elongation), flexibility, and moderate stickiness (567.45 gf). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that cassava starch capsules had a more uniform outer surface with smoother internal morphology than other starches. These findings suggest that modified cassava starch is a promising candidate for large-scale production of high-quality soft capsules.
Screening of Phytochemicals and Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Different Plant Parts of Kalanchoe ceratophylla Haw. Lenny, Sovia; Karo, Alyssa Zahra Br; Manalu, Lamhot Parulian; Astuti
Journal of Chemical Natural Resources Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Chemical Natural Resources (JCNaR)
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jcnar.v7i2.22964

Abstract

Kalanchoe ceratophylla Haw. is a medicinal plant traditionally used to address various health disorders. Its biological activities are believed to be associated with its secondary metabolites, particularly phenolics and flavonoids. Despite its traditional use, scientific information This study assesses the phytochemical composition alongside the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the stem and leaf preparations of Kalanchoe ceratophylla Haw. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenols in the stem extract, while the leaf extract also contained steroids. The total phenolic content was 7.43 mg GAE/100 g extract for stem and 7.11 mg GAE/100 g extract for leaves, whereas total flavonoids amounted to 0.324 mg QE/g extract (stem) and 1.621 mg QE/g extract (leaves). These findings highlight the potential use of K. ceratophylla, especially its leaves, for developing antioxidant-based herbal medicines.
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, and Metabolite Profiling of Kalanchoe Ceratophylla Haw. Leaf Ethanol Extract Luthfiyanti, Rohmah; Elya, Berna; Hanafi, Muhammad; Manalu, Lamhot Parulian; Maryana, Erma; Rahman, Taufik
Molekul Vol 21 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2026.21.1.17066

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Kalanchoe ceratophylla Haw. is a species from the Crassulaceae genus known for its various pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, due to the high contents of flavonoids, tannins, and other phenolic compounds. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and metabolite profiling of ethanol extracts from K. ceratophylla Haw. leaves. The study utilized K. ceratophylla Haw. leaves, which were pre-identified and authenticated. Extraction was performed using maceration with 70% and 95% ethanol as solvents. The leaves were dried at 40 °C and freeze-dried at -20 °C to -30 °C. The metabolite profiles of the extracts were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The HR-MS and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenolics in the extract. The findings indicate that the drying method and solvent type significantly influence the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content varied from 1.37±0.59 to 5.23±0.87 mg GAE/mL extract, the total flavonoid content varied from 4.26±0.05 to 12.33±0.19 mg QE/g extract, and the antioxidant activity varied from 1.07±0.04 to 3.03±0.18 mg/mL. Based on these results, the ethanol extract of K. ceratophylla Haw. leaves demonstrate significant potential as a source for medicinal applications. The optimal extraction condition in this study was maceration with 95% ethanol, followed by freeze-drying, which produced the highest levels of antioxidant and flavonoid content. Future research should investigate the clinical implications and potential pharmaceutical formulations derived from K. ceratophylla Haw. Keywords: Antioxidants, K. ceratophylla Haw. leaf extracts, metabolite profiling, total flavonoids, total phenolics
Co-Authors Astuti Berna Elya Dayu Dian Perwatasari Hendrawan Laksono Karo, Alyssa Zahra Br Maryana, Erma Muhammad Hanafi Purwoto, Heri Puspantari, Widya Putri, Renny Primasari Gustia Rohmah Luthfiyanti, Rohmah Royanti, Ida Sovia Lenny Taufik Hidayat Taufik Rahman Wahyuni, Tuti Wibowo, Des Saputro