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Jude Efiom Okokon
University of Uyo
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Inhibitory Effect of Mammea africana on Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzymes of Rats Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong; Jude Efiom Okokon; Jesse Idakwoji
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 11, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2022.112.175-180

Abstract

Mammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae), a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of diseases including diabetes was evaluated for effect on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes in vivo. The stembark extract (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg) of M. africana were investigated in vivo for inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes using starch, sucrose and maltose as substrates. Acarbose was used as reference drug. The stembark extract caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels of treated rats with the various substrates used. The results suggest that the stembark extract of M. africana have the potentials to inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase in rats.
Antioxidative Stress and Hepatoprotective Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice Ndanti Bartholomew William; Augustine Lawrence Bassey; John Akpan Udobang; Jude Efiom Okokon
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.25-32

Abstract

Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur & Schinz (Poaceae), a perennial grass used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases such as malaria was, investigated for antioxidative stress activity in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The leaf extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol; 400 mg/kg) of S. megaphylla were investigated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice using a modified suppressive test model. Antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials were assessed by determining oxidative stress markers levels, liver function indices and histopathology of liver. The extract/fractions progressively reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infection with the methanol fraction exerting the highest activity. The leaf extract and fractions caused significant (p<0.05 0.001) increases in the levels of oxidative stress markers enzymes and molecules (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) and also reduced MDA level significantly (p<0.05) in the livers of the treated-infected mice. The extract/fractions treatment caused reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin. Histology of livers revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated infected mice compared to untreated infected mice. The leaf of S. megaphylla may possess antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective effects which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.
Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Idongesit Charles Etuk; John Akpan Udobang; Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong; Jude Efiom Okokon
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.33-44

Abstract

The leaf of Solanum anomalum used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes was evaluated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials against hepatic injuries in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities of leaf extract and fractions (70-210 mg/kg) were assessed by determining oxidative stress markers levels, liver function indices and histopathological study of livers of treated rats. The leaf extract and fractions caused significant (p<0.05 0.001) increases in the levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the livers of the treated diabetic rats. The extract/fractions treatment caused reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and direct bilirubin. Histology of the livers revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. The results show that the leaf extract and fractions of S. anomalum has antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials which may be due to the antioxidant activities of their phytochemical constituents.
In-Vivo Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions Jude Efiom Okokon; Idongesit Charles Etuk; John Akpan Udobang; Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.127-132

Abstract

Solanum anomalum Thonn. ex Schumach. (family Solanaceae), an edible shrub whose fruits and leaves are used medicinally to treat diseases including diabetes was evaluated for effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes in vivo. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, 140 mg/kg) of S. anomalum were evaluated in vivo for inhibitory effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes using starch, sucrose and maltose as substrates. Acarbose was used as reference drug. The leaf extract especially middle dose (140 mg/kg) and fractions (ethyl acetate and hexane) caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels of treated with the various substrates used. Ethyl acetate fraction exerted the highest inhibitory effect when starch and maltose were used as substrates followed by n-hexane and methanol. n-Hexane was the most active fraction followed by ethyl acetate when sucrose was used as substrate. The results suggest that the leaf extract and fractions of S. anomalum have the potentials to inhibit alpha amylase and glucosidase in rats.
Hepatoprotective Activities of Seed Extract and Fractions of Telfairia occidentalis on Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Ugochi Queenette Nwosu; Chinyelu C. Osigwe; Ugonma Florence Uwaeme; Unyime A. Fabian; Jude Efiom Okokon
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1529-1536

Abstract

Telfairia occidentalis Hook (cucurbitaceae) seeds, which is used in the preparation of soups and as medicine traditionally to treat various diseases by the Ibibios was investigated for effect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. The seed extract (138 -553 mg/kg) and fractions; dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 276 mg/kg) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced liver injury in rats. Liver function parameters, liver oxidative stress markers and liver histology were used to assess the liver protective potential of the extract and fractions. The seed extract and fractions significantly (p<0.05-0.01) reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin that were elevated by doxorubincin. Also, the reduced levels of total protein and albumin by doxorubicin were increased by the extract coadministration. The levels of GSH, GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT that were decreased by doxorubicin were significantly (p<0.01) elevated and raised MDA level was reduced by the seed extract and fractions. Histology of the liver sections of extract -treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the organotoxic-treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective potential. The anti-toxic effect of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant. The seeds of Telfairia occidentalis possess anti-toxicant properties which can be exploited in the treatment of doxorubicin related toxicities.
Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. (Acanthaceae) Leaf Extract Chinyelu Clementina Osigwe; Jude Efiom Okokon; Ugonma Florence Uwaeme; Ijeoma Lilian Ebere
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.105-111

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the therapeutic potentials of natural products and the mounting need to ensure their safety and efficacy. Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. (Acanthaceae) is one of such medicinal plants used traditionally to treat various diseases in Nigeria. The leaf extract was investigated for genotoxic and cytotoxic effects using Allium cepa test. The effect of the Eremomastax speciosa leaf extract on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa bulb was investigated using onion bulbs exposed to varying concentrations of the extract (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water was used as a negative control and Methotrexate (0.1 mg/ml) was used as a positive control. There was statistically significant (p< 0.05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extract when compared with the negative control group. All the tested concentrations of extract were observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division in A. cepa. The extract-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations in A. cepa root tip cells were significant (p<0.05) when compared with control group. The extract treatment further induced cell death, ghost cells, cells membrane damage, and binucleated cells. These results suggest that the leaf extract of Eremomastax speciosa possess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa root meristem cells.
Co-Authors Augustine Lawrence Bassey Chinyelu C. Osigwe Chinyelu Clementina Osigwe Idongesit Charles Etuk Ijeoma Lilian Ebere Jesse Idakwoji John Akpan Udobang Ndanti Bartholomew William Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong Ugochi Queenette Nwosu Ugonma Florence Uwaeme Ugonma Florence Uwaeme Unyime A. Fabian