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Journal : Medical Scope Journal (MSJ)

Penetrating Neck Injury due to Foreign Body at C5 Level with Plexus Brachialis Nerve Injury: A Case Report Maximillian C. Oley; Eko Prasetyo; Ferdinan Tjungkagi; Yovanka N. Manuhutu; Diornald J. Mogi
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v4i1.44239

Abstract

Abstract: Penetrating neck injury caused by screwdriver is a very rare case. Rapid transport to a major trauma center is needed for such patients to prevent neurological dysfunction and post traumatic tissue damage. Early and complete assessment and exact surgical procedure are very important to overcome a good outcome and prognosis. We reported a case of a 28-year-old male transferred to the emergency room after being stabbed using a screwdriver. No history of nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. A screwdriver got stucked on the neck at the level of C5-C6 associated with edema but no active bleeding. The upper extremity examination revealed that the muscle contraction was 5555/4444, thumb test +/, opposition test +/-, abductor adductor test +/-, and sensory within normal limit. Radiology examination showed a metallic density of the foreign body in the cervical region penetrating from soft tissue to the vertebral body of cervical C5. The patient was diagnosed with penetrating neck injury due to foreign body in the posterior neck region at C5 level with plexus brachialis nerve injury. Foreign body removal and laminectomy were done to decompression purpose. This case need early, complete and adequate management to prevent post traumatic tissue damage, other neurological dysfunction, and mortality. On the fourth post-surgical day, the patient was discharged with stable vital signs and no neurological deficit. The regular follow up at the neurosurgical clinic showed that neither motoric nor sensoric deficit was found. In conclusion, penetrating neck injury which can cause severe morbidity and permanent disability need an adequate management to prevent any spinal cord damage and minimize any neurological dysfunction. Keywords: penetrating neck injury; spinal cord injury
Patomekanisme dan Insidensi Cedera Saraf Fasialis Perifer akibat Fraktur Dasar Kepala Tengah Grace E. Putri; Eko Prasetyo; Angelica M. J. Wagiu
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v4i2.44949

Abstract

Abstract: Skull base fracture (SBF) was defined as a fracture implicating the base of the skull, and was divided into three types, namely: anterior, media, and posterior cranial base fractures. SBF could cause serious complications, and occurs mostly in the middle and anterior sections. This study aimed to determine the pathomechanism and incidence of facial nerve injury in patients with fractures of the middle skull base. This was a literature review study. The results obtained 14 journals that fulfilled the criteria. The incidence of mid-section SBF causing facial nerve injuries was 3.25% to 8%. Age was related to the mechanism of SBF. In adults and elderly, most SBF were caused by accidents. Facial nerve paralysis due to transverse fracture was more serious and often required surgical treatment. The most frequent onset of facial nerve paralysis was immediate paralysis. Longitudinal fracture had better recovery compared to transverse or mixed fractures. In conclusion, the incidence of mid-section SBF causing facial nerve injuries was 3.25% to 8%. SBF involving facial nerve injury was more prevalent in longitudinal fractures with labyrinth bone involvement in the inner ear; however, it has better recovery than transverse or mixed fractures. Keywords: skull base fracture; temporal bone fracture; facial nerve paralysis   Abstrak: Patah tulang dasar kepala (PTDK) didefinisikan sebagai fraktur yang melibatkan dasar tengkorak. Terdapat tiga jenis PTDK, yaitu: fraktur basis kranii anterior, media, dan posterior. PTDK dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius dan paling banyak terjadi pada fraktur bagian tengah dan anterior. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui patomekanisme dan insiden cedera saraf fasialis (saraf kranial ketujuh) perifer pada penderita PTDK bagian tengah. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literatur review. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 14 jurnal yang sesuai dengan topik. Insiden PTDK bagian tengah yang menyebabkan cedera saraf fasialis sebesar 3,25%-8%. Usia berkaitan dengan mekanisme utama penyebab terjadinya PTDK, yaitu pada kalangan dewasa dan lansia sebagian besar disebabkan oleh kecelakaan. Kelumpuhan saraf fasialis pada fraktur transversal lebih serius dan sering membutuhkan perawatan bedah. Onset kelumpuhan saraf fasialis yang paling sering ialah kelumpuhan segera. Fraktur longitudinal memiliki pemulihan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan fraktur transversal atau campuran. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah insidensi PTDK bagian tengah yang menyebabkan cedera saraf fasialis sebesar 3,25%-8%. PTDK bagian tengah yang melibatkan cedera saraf fasialis paling banyak terjadi pada fraktur longitudinal dengan keterlibatan tulang labirin pada telinga bagian dalam namun dengan pemulihan yang lebih baik dibandingkan fraktur transversal atau campuran. Kata kunci: patah tulang dasar kepala; fraktur tulang temporal; kelumpuhan saraf fasialis perifer
Faktor Risiko Pekerjaan untuk Carpal Tunnel Syndrome pada Pekerja Kantoran Christy E. I. Berhimpon; Andriessanto C. Lengkong; Eko Prasetyo
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v4i2.44951

Abstract

Abstract: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is often reported as an occupational disease and a common problem among workers who often use their hands. The causes of CTS are considered multifactorial, involving both individual and occupational factors. Computer use is thought to be a risk factor for CTS. Using a computer keyboard is associated with wrist or hand pain, which is related with repetitive hand movements. However, the available evidence regarding the relationship between computer use or occupational risk factors and CTS is still controversial. This study aimed to determine the occupational risk factors for CTS in office workers. This was a literature review study. Data were searched from databases of Crossref and Google Scholar. The keywords were carpal tunnel syndrome, risk factor, ergonomic, occupation, computer office, workers The results obtained 10 articles reviewed according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Work duration and work periods were referred to occupational risk factors for CTS. Awkward wrist/hand postures especially without mousepad supporting the hand or wrist, and repetitive movement were direct risk factors for CTS. In conclusion, risk factors for CTS among office workers are duration and period of working, awkward wrist/hand posture, and repetitive movement. Keywords: occupational risk factors; carpal tunnel syndrome; office workers.   Abstrak: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) merupakan penyakit akibat kerja dan menjadi masalah umum di antara para pekerja yang sering menggunakan tangan. Penyebab CTS dianggap multifaktorial, yang melibatkan faktor individu dan pekerjaan. Penggunaan komputer diduga menjadi faktor risiko CTS. Penggunaan keyboard komputer dihubungkan dengan nyeri pergelangan tangan atau tangan, yang berkaitan dengan gerakan tangan berulang. Walaupun demikian, bukti yang tersedia perihal keterkaitan antara penggunaan komputer atau faktor risiko pekerjaan dan CTS masih kontroversial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko pekerjaan terjadinya CTS pada pekerja kantoran. Jenis penelitian ini ialah suatu literature review menggunakan data- base Crossref dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci carpal tunnel syndrome, risk factor, ergonomic, occupation, computer office, workers. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 artikel yang ditelaah sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan. Durasi kerja dan periode kerja disebut sebagai faktor risiko pekerjaan untuk terjadinya CTS. Postur yang janggal, khususnya dikarenakan tanpa penggunaan mousepad penyangga tangan atau pergelangan tangan serta gerakan berulang saat menggunakan mouse dan mengetik menggunakan keyboard secara langsung menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya CTS. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah durasi dan periode kerja, postur tangan/pergelangan yang janggal, dan gerakan berulang merupakan faktor risiko pekerjaan untuk terjadinya CTS. Kata kunci: faktor risiko pekerjaan; carpal tunnel syndrome; pekerja kantoran
Patofisiologi dan Faktor Predisposisi yang Berhubungan dengan Omphalocele Angel D. Rarung; Harsali F. Lampus; Eko Prasetyo
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v5i1.45295

Abstract

Abstract: Omphalocele is one of the most common congenital abnormalities of the abdominal wall. In various countries, the incidence of omphalocele ranges from 1-3.8 per 10,000 pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the pathophysiology and predisposing factors associated with omphalocele. This was a literature review study. Literatures were obtained through several databases: Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The results showed 22 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pathophysiology of omphalocele was when the abdominal organs herniate for an extended period of time, in results failing the intra-abdominal organs from returning to their normal position. Predisposing factors associated with omphalocele were divided into two aspects namely maternal and neonatal. In conclusion, the pathophysiology of omphalocele is still the same from year to year with the existing theory that there has not been a shift or discoveries. In contrast, for predisposing factors, several studies have reported new aspects of maternal and neonates about factors related to omphalocele. Keywords: omphalocele; pathophysiology; predisposing factors   Abstrak: Omphalocele adalah salah satu kelainan kongenital dinding abdomen yang paling umum terjadi, Insiden omphalocele berkisar pada 1-3,8 per 10.000 kehamilan di berbagai negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui patofisiologi dan faktor predisposisi yang berhubungan dengan omphalocele. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Literatur diperoleh melalui beberapa basis data yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 22 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Patofisiologi omphalocele yaitu ketika terjadi herniasi fisiologis berkepanjangan dari organ abdomen sehingga terjadi kegagalan organ intraabdomen untuk kembali ke posisi normalnya. Faktor predisposisi yang berhubungan dengan omphalocele terbagi atas dua aspek yaitu maternal dan neonatus. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah patofisiologi dari omphalocele masih sama dari tahun ke tahun dengan teori yang ada dimana belum terjadi pergeseran atau penemuan baru sedangkan untuk faktor predisposisinya terdapat beberapa penelitian yang melaporkan hal baru terkait aspek maternal dan neonatus yang berhubungan dengan omphalocele. Kata kunci: omphalocele; patofisiologi; faktor predisposisi
Hubungan Pola Patah Tulang dengan Gejala Klinis pada Patah Tulang Dasar Kepala (PTDK) Anterior Hardianto Musu; Eko Prasetyo; Maximilian C. Oley; Fredrik G. Langi
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i1.48479

Abstract

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury can occur due to skull base fracture at the anterior, middle, and posterior parts with life-threatening complications. This study aimed to obtain the relationship between anterior skull base fracture pattern and its clinical signs and symptoms. This was a retrospective chart review with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were 50 patients with anterior skull base fracture based on 3D CT scan, and then their clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated. Data were analyzed bivariately using the Pearson Chi-Square test and the Fisher Exact alternative. The results showed that the most common clinical signs and symptoms in type I was anosmia; in type II, related to eyes; in type III, rhinorrhea; and in type IV, signs and symptoms of all entities. The most common fracture pattern in the subjects was frontolateral type (type III). There was a significant relationship between the pattern of fracture based on the 3D CT scan with the clinical signs and symptoms of  patients including cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, anosmia, racoon eyes, and visual deficit (p<0.001). In conclusion, there is a signifinat relationship between pattern of anterior skull base fracture with clinical signs and symptoms. Keywords: traumatic brain injury; anterior skull base fracture; 3D CT scan; clinical signs and symptoms   Abstrak: Cedera otak akibat trauma (COT) dapat terjadi akibat patah tulang dasar kepala (PTDK) baik pada basis tengkorak anterior, tengah, dan posterior, dengan komplikasi mengancam jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hubungan pola patah tulang dengan gejala klinis pada PTDK anterior. Jenis penelitian ialah retrospektif menggunakan rekam medis dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ialah 50 pasien PTDK anterior dengan pola patah tulang sesuai 3D CT scan dan dievaluasi kondisi klinisnya. Uji bivariat menggunakan uji Pearson chi-square dengan alternatif Fisher exact. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan gejala klinis yang paling umum: tipe I yaitu anosmia; tipe II yaitu gejala berhubungan dengan mata; tipe III yaitu rinorea; dan tipe IV memberikan gejala yang mencakup semua entitas. Pola patah tulang terbanyak ialah patah tulang frontolateral (tipe III). Pola patah tulang yang dinilai melalui 3D CT-scan berhubungan bermakna dengan derajat gejala klinis pasien PTDK anterior meliputi rinorea cairan serebrospinal, anosmia, racoon eyes, dan defisit visual (p<0,001). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pola PTDK anterior dengan gejala klinis. Kata kunci: cedera otak akibat trauma; patah tulang dasar kepala anterior; 3D CT scan; gejala klinis