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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Makara Journal of Science Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
Noverra Mardhatillah Nizardo
Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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 1 
Enhanced Drug Release of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles Modified with Hydrophilic Polymers: Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Diah Lestari; Noverra Mardhatillah Nizardo; Kamarza Mulia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 5 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.73673

Abstract

The biodegradable polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biomaterial with great potential as a drug delivery carrier and a tissue engineering scaffold. Using diclofenac sodium (DS) as a drug model, PLGA/DS nanoparticles were synthesized by modification with two hydrophilic polymers: chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh). The introduction of chitosan and CMCh enhances the efficiency encapsulation, capacity loading of the nanoparticles, and DS release at pH 6.8 and minimum release at pH 1.2. Synthesis of nanoparticles was carried out using a double emulsion (water/oil/water) solvent evaporation method. Characterization using an Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrophotometer indicates that the interaction between DS and polymer on nanoparticles is non-covalent with a spherical shape based on a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization. From the various formulation studied, nanoparticles with the ratio chitosan-PLGA-DS and CMCh-PLGA-DS of 2:20:4 proved to be the optimum model carrier with the required release profile and could be the alternative for DS delivery systems.
Thermo- and pH-Responsive Behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Block-Poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate] Noverra Mardhatillah Nizardo; Rida Hasna Fadhilah; Ivandini Tribidasari Anggraningrum
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.79264

Abstract

The influence of poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA) block on the thermo- and pH-responsive behavior of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-block-poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)] (PNIPAM-b-PDMAEMA) was studied. The block copolymers were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization by varying the chain length of the second block (PDMAEMA). 1H-NMR and FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of block copolymers PNIPAM21-b-PDMAEMA2 and PNIPAM21-b-PDMAEMA7 with the corresponding molar masses from the GPC data. Thermo- and pH-responsive behavior of block copolymers was investigated in phosphate buffer with various pHs. Interesting results showed that the hydrophilic carboxyl end group and the hydrophobic dodecyl end group of the RAFT agent affected the resulting phase transition temperature (Tc), while the Tc was found to be low in the acidic environment. Moreover, larger particle sizes of PNIPAM21‑b‑PDMAEMA2 were found with a pH of 9. It is noteworthy, that the resulted block copolymers might have the potential use in a drug delivery system.
PENGARUH TEKNIK POLIMERISASI EMULSI TERHADAP UKURAN PARTIKEL KOPOLI(STIRENA/BUTIL AKRILAT/METIL METAKRILAT) Budianto, Emil; Nizardo, Noverra Mardhatillah; Utari, Tresye
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Influence of Emulsion Polymerization Techniques to Particle Size of Copoly(styrene/butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate). In the majority of applications, particle size and particle size distribution are highly significant factors that determine the properties of a polymer dispersion, such as its flow behavior or its stability. For example, a coating material with small particle size will give smooth coating result, good adhesive strength, good water resistance and latex stability. This article describes influence of various emulsion polymerization techniques to particle size of copoly(styrene/butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) with mix surfactant SDBS linear chain and nonyl fenol (EO10) and initiator ammonium persulphate. DSC data, solid content and IR spectrum showed that copoly(styrene/butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) was produced. Batch emulsion polymerization technique gave the highest particle size i.e. 615 nm and also the highest % conversion of monomer i.e. 97%. The more concentration of monomer was seeded to initial charge gave greater particle size and greater poly dispersity index.
Influence of Chitosan and Alginate as Reinforcement Towards Sugar Palm Starch-Based Hydrogel Zahra, Tazkia Qonita; Nizardo, Noverra Mardhatillah; Restu, Witta Kartika
Molekul Vol 19 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.3.11222

Abstract

Nowadays, hydrogel has a wide range of applications, such as in the biomedical field, due to its excellent biocompatibility. Hydrogel may be synthesized using biomaterials that are abundantly found in the natural environment. This research involved the synthesis of a hydrogel using sugar palm starch as the base material, but hydrogel made from starch has lower chemical and physical properties. To enhance its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, alginate and chitosan were incorporated as reinforcing agents because they can form strong gels, which might be due to the interaction of the amino (-NH2) group from chitosan and carboxyl (-COO-) group from alginate with the hydroxyl (-OH) group from starch. The objective of the study was to determine the best reinforcing agents for the formation of two sugar palm-based hydrogel formulations: sugar palm starch/chitosan hydrogel and sugar palm starch/alginate hydrogel, with good chemical, physical and mechanical properties, such as thickness, swelling ratio, water contact angle, functional group, mechanical properties including tensile strength, and elongation at break, surface morphology images, and thermal properties. The result showed that the hydrogel composed of sugar palm starch and chitosan as reinforcing agent exhibited better characteristics than alginate, indicating their potential for biomedical application as shown by its result in swelling ratio with value of 67.81±0.11%, average tensile strength of 0.113±0.04 MPa and elongation at a break value of 37.83±7.0%. Keywords: Alginate, chitosan, hydrogel, Sugar palm starch
Studies on the Loading and Release of Metformin HCl Using Hydrogels with EGDMA and MBA as Crosslinkers Ariyaldi, Ariyaldi; Nizardo, Noverra Mardhatillah; Lestari, Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95826

Abstract

Hydrogel poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate) or (P(NVCL-co-DMAEMA)) containing the active drug metformin HCl were synthesized using the free radical polymerization method in the presence of DMAEMA and NVCL monomers by using two different crosslinkers: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). FTIR spectra confirmed the successful formation of hydrogel and its loading with metformin HCl. SEM analysis revealed the physical shape and surface features. Regarding physical appearance, the texture of the hydrogel is sticky and elastic. When the hydrogel was immersed in a solution, it swelled, and returned to its original shape after drying. Additionally, the chemical degradation temperature is thermally stable at 329.75 °C. The loading test results showed that the active drug in EGDMA was 18.38 (% w/w) and 26.19 (% w/w) in MBA as crosslinkers, loaded within 24 h. The drug-loaded hydrogel containing EGDMA as crosslinkers in pH 7.4 had the highest drug release in 24 h compared to MBA. Then, the drug released from hydrogel with EGDMA in pH 2 had the highest drug release than MBA within 30 min. The P(NVCL-co-DMAEMA) hydrogel has the potential for a drug delivery system. However, additional optimizations are necessary to improve the efficiency of the hydrogels as a carrier.
Co-Authors Ariyaldi, Ariyaldi Diah Lestari Emil Budianto Emil Budianto Ivandini Tribidasari Anggraningrum Kamarza Mulia, Kamarza Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi Lestari Rida Hasna Fadhilah Tresye Utari Tresye Utari, Tresye Witta Kartika Restu Zahra, Tazkia Qonita