Diane D. Pioh, Diane D.
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Neighbourhood-Scale Carbon Footprint of Community Activities in Batu Kota, Malalayang District, Manado City Claudhio, Jehezkiel K.; Wantasen, Sofia; Lumingkewas, Adeleyda M. W.; Paat, Frangky J.; Rotinsulu, Wiske C.; Paulus, Jeanne M.; Pakasi, Sandra E.; Pioh, Diane D.; Ogie, Tommy B.; Porong, Jelie Viekson
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.67504

Abstract

Neighbourhood-scale carbon-footprint assessment is increasingly important for understanding how everyday urban activities contribute to greenhouse-gas emissions. This study evaluated the carbon footprint generated by community activities in Kelurahan Batu Kota, Malalayang District, Manado City, Indonesia. The research was conducted from January to February 2026 using a quantitative survey approach with purposive sampling. A total of 335 households were selected from five neighbourhood units. Primary data were collected through field observation and questionnaires covering LPG use, household electricity consumption, motor-vehicle ownership, fuel type, and transport-fuel consumption. Carbon emissions were estimated for three activity categories, namely LPG use, electricity consumption, and motorized transportation, using IPCC-based calculation procedures. The results showed that the total carbon footprint of community activities in Kelurahan Batu Kota reached 7,410.98 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Transportation was the dominant emission source, contributing 4,546.12 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹ or 61.34% of the total, followed by electricity consumption at 2,432.12 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹ and LPG use at 432.74 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Spatially, the carbon footprint was unevenly distributed across neighbourhoods. Lingkungan 5 produced the highest total emissions at 2,646.89 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹ or 35.72% of the total, whereas Lingkungan 4 contributed the lowest share. These findings indicate that the carbon profile of Batu Kota was driven primarily by daily mobility and electricity use rather than by cooking-fuel consumption. The study provides baseline evidence for neighbourhood-based emission management and highlights the importance of place-specific mitigation strategies in urban residential environments. Keywords: carbon footprint; electricity consumption; household emissions; neighbourhood-scale assessment; urban transportation
Assessment Of the Carbon Footprint of Household Activities in Kleak, Malalayang District, Manado City Minanga, Dony T.; Wantasen, Sofia; Lumingkewas, Adeleyda M. W.; Paat, Frangky J.; Rotinsulu, Wiske Ch.; Paulus, Jeanne M.; Pioh, Diane D.; Ogie, Tommy B.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.67505

Abstract

Household energy use and private mobility are important sources of greenhouse-gas emissions in urban residential areas. This study assessed the carbon footprint of household activities in Kelurahan Kleak, Malalayang District, Manado City, Indonesia. The study was conducted from January to March 2026 using a field-based survey approach with purposive sampling. A total of 354 households were selected from six neighbourhood units (lingkungan). Primary data were collected through direct observation and questionnaires covering LPG consumption, electricity use, vehicle ownership, fuel type, and fuel consumption. Carbon emissions were estimated for three major household-related sources, namely LPG use, electricity consumption, and private transportation fuel use, using IPCC-based emission calculation methods. The results showed that the total household carbon footprint of Kelurahan Kleak reached 6,599.65 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Transportation fuel was the largest contributor, accounting for 3,609.97 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹, followed by electricity consumption at 2,613.89 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹, while LPG use contributed 375.80 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹. Among the six neighbourhoods, Lingkungan 6 produced the highest total emissions at 2,123.05 ton CO₂eq year⁻¹, equivalent to 32.17% of the total carbon footprint. These findings indicate that household carbon emissions in Kelurahan Kleak were driven primarily by private mobility and electricity use rather than cooking fuel consumption. The study provides baseline evidence for neighbourhood-scale carbon management and highlights the importance of community-based mitigation strategies in urban residential environments. Keywords: carbon footprint; electricity consumption; household activities; LPG use; transportation fuel