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Seleksi Konsorsium Mikroorganisme untuk Pembenah Lumpur Sidoarjo sebagai Media Tanam Pikoli, Megga Ratnasari; Setyawati, Adi Puji; Larasati, Tri Retno Dyah; Mulyana, Nana
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe mud that erupted in Sidoarjo, East Java, has been known from several studies can be used as plant growth media. However, its ability has limitations, particularly due to the very high heavy metal content and phenol will gradually poison the plants. Therefore, a study has been conducted in order to obtain a consortium of microorganisms which have ability to support plants growth and remediate the mud so that further can be used as a growth media. The selected microorganisms consist of Azotobacter sp. KDB2, Bacillus sp. KLBN1, Bacillus sp. BMC4, Pseudomonas sp. BMC6, Trichoderma sp. PJF6 and Trichoderma sp. PJF7F7, which were combined in five consortia, namely K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5. The selection was performed on the ability to produce indole acetic acid, dissolve phosphate, decrease phenol concentration, and decrease the concentration of Pb and Cd ion metals. The results showed that the five consortia have capacity in the five parameters examined. The ability to remove Pb by microbial consortia which consist of Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Trichoderma is a new information of the role of microorganism on heavy metal removal. The existence of positive and negative interactions within each consortium lead to differences in the kind of superior consortium generated from each parameter. The consortium K4 showed advantages in 3 parameters, that were in the indole acetic acid production and the Pb and Cd decreases, while the other consortia showed the best capacity only on one of the parameter examined. Therefore, the selected consortium recommended for fixing the Sidoarjo mud is K4, which consists of Azotobacter sp., Bacillus sp. BMC4, Pseudomonas sp. BMC6, Trichoderma sp. PJF6 dan Trichoderma sp. PJF7.Keywords: biofertilizer, bioremediation, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma

Pemanfaatan Urea sebagai Sumber Nitrogen pada Biosolubisasi Batubara oleh Trichoderma sp. Mulyawati, Novi; Pikoli, Megga Ratnasari; Sugoro, Irawan; Aditiawati, Pingkan
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 6, No 2 (2013): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Lignite coal was found abundant in Indonesia, but usage for this type of coal was still relatively low. Economic value of coal increases when it is solubilized. Biosolubilization of coal by utilize of microbes produces compounds equivalent to petroleum. In this research, effect of urea on lignite biosolubilization by Trichoderma sp. was examined. Method of this research consisted of spore inoculum preparation, biosolubilization lignite coal with a variety of treatment that consists of treatment A (MSS + sucroseÂ 1% + coal 5% + urea), and treatment B (MSS + sucroseÂ 1% + coal 5%). Results showed that the addition of urea supported lignit coal biosolubilization by Trichoderma sp. based on increase in medium pH, concentration of phenolic and conjugated aromatic compounds, and activity of extracellular enzyme. In addition, result of product characterization using GCMS revealed compounds equivalent to 13,60%, 26,20% and 90,8% respectively for gasoline, kerosene and diesel components. Those confirmed that urea can be used as an alternative nitrogen source to support Trichoderma sp. in lignit biosolubilization producing petroleum compounds.

SELEKSI KONSORSIUM MIKROORGANISME UNTUK PEMBENAH LUMPUR SIDOARJO SEBAGAI MEDIA TANAM Pikoli, Megga Ratnasari; Setyawati, Adi Puji; Larasati, Tri Retno Dyah; Mulyana, Nana
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i1.3660

ABSTRACTThe mud that erupted in Sidoarjo, East Java, has been known from several studies can be used as plant growth media. However, its ability has limitations, particularly due to the very high heavy metal content and phenol will gradually poison the plants. Therefore, a study has been conducted in order to obtain a consortium of microorganisms which have ability to support plants growth and remediate the mud so that further can be used as a growth media. The selected microorganisms consist of Azotobacter sp. KDB2, Bacillus sp. KLBN1, Bacillus sp. BMC4, Pseudomonas sp. BMC6, Trichoderma sp. PJF6 and Trichoderma sp. PJF7F7, which were combined in five consortia, namely K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5. The selection was performed on the ability to produce indole acetic acid, dissolve phosphate, decrease phenol concentration, and decrease the concentration of Pb and Cd ion metals. The results showed that the five consortia have capacity in the five parameters examined. The ability to remove Pb by microbial consortia which consist of Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Trichoderma is a new information of the role of microorganism on heavy metal removal. The existence of positive and negative interactions within each consortium lead to differences in the kind of superior consortium generated from each parameter. The consortium K4 showed advantages in 3 parameters, that were in the indole acetic acid production and the Pb and Cd decreases, while the other consortia showed the best capacity only on one of the parameter examined. Therefore, the selected consortium recommended for fixing the Sidoarjo mud is K4, which consists of Azotobacter sp., Bacillus sp. BMC4, Pseudomonas sp. BMC6, Trichoderma sp. PJF6 dan Trichoderma sp. PJF7.Keywords: biofertilizer, bioremediation, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma

Bakteri Denitrifikasi Inaktif Sebagai Suplemen Untuk Mengurangi Gas Metana dari Cairan Rumen Sapi Megga Ratnasari Pikoli; Farah Muthia Zadfa; Irawan Sugoro
Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : BATAN

Gas metana dari ternak ruminansia merupakan salah satu penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca terbesar di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Gas metana yang bersumber dari peternakan berasal dari dua sumber emisi, yaitu pencernaan dan feses, sehingga produksinya dapat dikurangi melalui modifikasi pakan. Salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi produksi gas metana tersebut adalah dengan penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi, yang mengalihkan akseptor elektron untuk metanogenesis kepada denitrifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki potensi penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi yang diinaktivasi dengan iiradiasi sinar Gamma dalam menurunkan produksi gas metana dalam cairan rumen sapi, yang diuji secara in vitro. Pada penelitian ini diuji empat perlakuan, yaitu dengan penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi aktif, bakteri denitrifikasi yang diinaktivasi dengan iradiasi Gamma Cell 1000 Gy dan bakteri denitrifikasi yang diinaktivasi menggunakan autoklaf 1,5 tekanan atmosfir, 120°C selama 15 menit, seluruhnya pada cairan rumen sapi yang diberi substrat hijauan sorgum secara in vitro. Hasil pengukuran dari masing-masing parameter berupa nilai pH, amonia, volatile fatty acids total, asetat, propionat, butirat, biomassa bakteri, biomassa protozoa, produksi gas total dan produksi gas metana pada jam ke-24 dan 48 mendukung penurunan metanogenesis akibat penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi aktif dan inaktif. Pemberian bakteri denitrifikasi inaktif lebih besar menekan produksi gas metana dibandingkan dengan bakteri aktif. Penurunan produksi gas metana dari jam ke-24 sampai 48 dari perlakuan penambahan bakteri denitrifikasi inaktif-iradiasi, dan inaktif-autoklaf berturut-turut sebesar 41,5% dan 55,3%, yang lebih tinggi daripada dari bakteri denitrifikasi aktif dengan penurunan sebesar 13,6%.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TANIN DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) TERHADAP NILAI BIOLOGIS DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) DAN JERAMI KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata) SECARA IN VITRO Teguh Wahyono; Wahidin Teguh Sasongko; Maratus Sholihah; Megga Ratnasari Pikoli
Buletin Peternakan Vol 41, No 1 (2017): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 41 (1) FEBRUARI 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i1.22450

Nutrien daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan jerami kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) sebagai hijauan pakan ternak cukup berkualitas sehingga perlu diproteksi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaannya di dalam rumen. Daun nangka mengandung total tanin sebesar 7,08%, sehingga potensial digunakansebagai bahan untuk memproteksi bahan pakan sumber protein. Studi in vitro perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung daun nangka untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan hijauan berupa daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Tujuan dari studi yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahuipengaruh penambahan tepung daun nangka terhadap nilai biologis daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Evaluasi produksi metana juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi proses fermentasi. Perlakuan penelitian adalah: 1) jerami kacang hijau; 2) jerami kacang hijau + 0,7% daun nangka; 3) jerami kacanghijau + 1 ,4% daun nangka; 4) daun kelor; 5) daun kelor + 0,7% daun nangka; 6) daun kelor + 1 ,4% daun nangka. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap produksi gas total (inkubasi ke-0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, dan 24 jam),konsentrasi gas metana (%), karakteristik produksi gas dan karakteristik produk fermentasi rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun nangka tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi gas total, produksi gas maksimum dan laju degradasi kedua jenis hijauan pakan. Penambahan 0,7 dan1,4% tepung daun nangka dapat menurunkan konsentrasi gas metana daun kelor berturut-turut sebesar 4,93% dan 3,19%. Penambahan tepung daun nangka juga mampu meningkatkan rasio CO2:CH4 substrat jerami kacang hijau masing-masing sebesar 4,42 dan 6,49%. Tepung daun nangka juga tidakmemberikan efek negatif terhadap produk fermentasi rumen (pH, NH3, VFA total, dan degradasi bahan organik).

Bakteriosin dari Bakteri Asam Laktat sebagai Biopreservasi pada Daging dan Olahan: Tinjauan Potensi Hingga Industrinya Diannisa Syahwa Rahma Fadila; Jilan Hasanati; Amalia Sekar Kusumawardhani; Muhammad Fathur Rachman; Muhammad Afi Naufal; Farhan Wahyu Febrian; Megga Pikoli; Irawan Sugoro
Jurnal Pro-Life Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022): Maret
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33541/jpvol6Iss2pp102

The use of bacteriocin as biopreservation agent is an important alternative strategy to maintain the safety and quality of meat and meat products. The increasing consumer concerns about the quality and safety of food from chemical additives have led to the development of studies on the use of bacteria and their metabolites as natural antimicrobials that have the potential to extend shelf life and improve food safety. This article aims to systematically review knowledge regarding the use of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria and their production on an industrial scale as a natural preservative in meat and its products. The results of several studies prove the potential of lactic acid bacteria and metabolites as biopreservatives in meat and processed meat products with several conditions that must be considered to achieve a longer shelf life and inhibit the spoilage of pathogenic bacteria. The use of bacteriocins from lactic acid has obstacles as well as advantages. However, these barriers can be overcome by reducing the level of purification protocols required, or by using food grade media such as dairy and food industrial waste products to produce bacteriocins. The potential and production of bactetriocins on an industrial scale are discussed.

Pengaruh Kedalaman Sedimen Terhadap Emisi Gas Metana (CH4) di Situ Kuru Putri Permata Utari Andini; Zahra Yunisa; Armar Riliansyah Tamala; Nurul Akhirati Hasanah; Muhammad Indra Maulana Rizki; Megga Ratnasari Pikoli; Irawan Sugoro
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 20, No 3 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.20.3.579-587

Sedimen perairan situ merupakan salah satu sumber emisi gas metana (CH4) penyebab efek gas rumah kaca. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi emisi gas metana (CH4) di Situ Kuru secara in situ berdasarkan kedalaman sedimen. Pemilihan lokasi diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling di 3 tempat yaitu inlet, tengah dan outlet. Sifat fisika dan kimia air yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah suhu air, pH air, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), konduktivitas, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), dan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5). Analisis sedimen meliputi pH, BO, rasio C/N, VFA parsial, NH3, dan analisis mikroorganisme. Analisis sampel gas metana (CH4) dan gas karbondioksida (CO2) dilakukan dengan menggunakan gas analyzer. Analisis kimia fisik air dan sedimen membuktikan bahwa sedimen Situ Kuru mampu mendukung aktivitas mikroorganisme metanogen. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sedimen Situ Kuru memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan emisi gas metana (CH4) yang berbeda pada setiap daerah inlet, outlet dan tengah. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa nilai fluks gas metana (CH4) dipengaruhi kedalaman sedimen. Hasil fluks gas metana (CH4) metana tertinggi terdapat pada kedalaman 0-30 cm lokasi tengah sebesar 5,5790 mg/m2/jam. Fluks gas metana (CH4) dipengaruhi pula oleh keberadaan gas karbondioksida (CO2). Fluks gas karbondioksida (CO2)tertinggi terdapat pada kedalaman 0-30 cm lokasi tengah sebesar 2,3910 mg/m2/jam. Berdasarkan penelitian ini maka perlu dilakukan rehabilitasi terhadap Situ Kuru karena turut berperan dalam emisi gas metana (CH4) dengan kisaran 0,0290-5,5790 mg/m2/jam.ABSTRACTSediment in the waters is one of the sources of methane gas emissions that cause the greenhouse gas effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for methane (CH4) emissions at Situ Kuru in situ based on the depth of the sediment. The location selection was taken using purposive sampling technique in 3 places, namely inlet, middle and outlet. The physical and chemical properties of the air measured in this study were air temperature, air pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5). Sediment analysis includes pH, BO, C/N ratio, VFA, NH3, and microorganism analysis. Analysis of methane gas (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas samples was carried out using a gas analyzer. Physical chemistry analysis of air and sediment proved that the Situ Kuru sediment was able to support the activity of methanogenic microorganisms. The results show that the Situ Kuru sediment has the potential to produce different methane (CH4) emissions at each inlet, outlet and middle area. The results also show that the value of methane gas flux (CH4) is influenced by the depth of the sediment. The results of the highest methane gas flux (CH4) of methane were found at a depth of 0-30 cm in the middle location of 5.5790 mg/m2/hour. The flux of methane (CH4) is also influenced by the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The highest flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) is found at a depth of 0-30 cm in the middle location of 2.3910 mg/m2/hour. Based on this research, it is necessary to rehabilitate Situ Kuru because it plays a role in methane (CH4) emissions in the range of 0.0290-5.5790 mg/m2/hour.

Kualitas Mikrobiologis Udara di Salah Satu Pusat Perbelanjaan di Jakarta Selatan Eko Pudjadi; Rima Suciyani; Innes Gania Sahira; Megga Ratnasari Pikoli
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 8, No 2 (2015): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v8i2.2691

The airborne bacteria and fungi in parking building, playground and food court in Blok M Square, South Jakarta, were assessed in order to investigate air quality in one of the shopping center in Jakarta. The air sample was passed through plate count agar and potato dextrose agar using a single-stage multi-orifice Sampler SKC Biostage Standard. Results showed that average microbial concen-trations were 200.17, 101.17, 55, 33 CFU bacteria per m3, and 109.54, 37.69, 27.09 CFU fungi per m3 of air volume in the parking building, the children playground and the food court, respectively. The most dominating bacteria had characteristicsresembleairborne Bacillus subtilis, while the most dominating fungi wereidentified as Cryptococcus sp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium sp. and Candida sp. The microbial concentrations were different significantly (α=0,05) inall the three areas. In addition, there were strong relationship and significant influence between the concentrations of bacteria and fungi to temperature, humidity and light intensity in in all the three areas based on Pearson correlation analysis. For today, there is no air quality standard specifically for shopping center, so the data were compared tocommon standards for indoor air quality. The concentration of bacteria and fungi met the standard regulated by TheMinistry of Health Republic of IndonesiaNo.1405/MENKES/SK/ XI/2002 about Environmental Requirements for Office and Industrial., i.e <700 CFU/m3, and acceptable according to World Health Organization (WHO) with 500 CFU/m3 as a normal condition. In any case, it is advisable to be aware ofthe spread of airborne bacteria and fungi in shopping centersthat are potentially pathogenic.

A Sequential Isolation and Isolate Identification of Thermophilic Oil Degrading Bacteria from Bangko Reservoir Megga Ratnasari Pikoli; Pingkan Aditiawati; Dea Indriani Astuti
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 32 No. 2 (2000)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Sari. Telah dilakukan isolari bakteri termofilik pendegradasi minyak bumi dari Sumur Bangko dengan cara bertahap karena prosedur isolasi biasanya belum tentu dapat mengisolasi bakteri pendegradasi secara lengkap. Isolasi tahap I dilakukan langsung dari crude oil di dalam medium basal Stone Mineral Salt Solution ditambah ekstrak ragi (SMSSe) pada 50 °C. Isolasi tahap II dan III dilakukan dari sumber isolat yang sama, medium basal dan kondisi kultur yang sama, tetapi medium pengisolasi diperkaya dengan minyak sisa degradasi (MSD) isolat campuran tahap sebelumnya. Pada tahap I diperoleh 4 isolat, yaitu Bacillus polynyxa, B. licheniformis, Bacilus sp.1, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pada tahap II diperoleh 3 isolat, yaitu Bacillus sp.2, B. stearothermophllus, dan B. brevis; sedangkan pada tahap III hanya diperoleh 1 isolat, yaitu B. coagulans. Semua isolat ini nantinya digunakan untuk mendegradasi crude oil. A Sequential Isolation and Isolate Identification of Thermophilic Oil Degrading Bacteria from Bangko ReservoirAbstract. A study on the isolation of thermophilic oil-degrading bacteria from the crude oil (petroleum) of Banko reservoir has been conducted on a sequential way. The conventional isolation procedure did not isolate the bacteria completely. The first isolation stage was performed directly on the crude oil sample by using Stone Mineral Salt Solution plus yeast extract (SMSSe), as basal medium, at 50°C. The second and third isolation stages used the same source, basal medium, and condition as the first stage, but were enriched with a depleted-oil obtained from the crude oil degraded from the previous stage's mixed culture bacteria. Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the first isolation stage, identified as Bacillus polymyxa, B. Licheniformis, Bacillus sp.1, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The second stage gave another three different bacterial isolates, identified as Bacillus sp.2, B. stearothermophillus, and B. brevis; whereas the third stage gave only one isolate namely Bacillus coagulans. These isolates could be applied for the degradation of crude oil.

JENIS PAKAN MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI FESES GAJAH, STUDI KASUS GAJAH SUMATERA (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) DI TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN, JAKARTA SELATAN Fuad Albani; Megga Ratnasari Pikoli; Irawan Sugoro
Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (JPSL)
Publisher : Graduate School Bogor Agricultural University (SPs IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.8.2.264-270

Elephant dung is a source of methane gas, which the gas is the main contributor to greenhouse gas if not used as fuel. Wild elephants use grass leaves as their feed, but in Ragunan Wildlife Park, elephants are fed also with a combination of elephant grass, sweet potatoes, maize, and bananas, which aim to meet immediate nutritional needs and ensure their health. Therefore, this study examined the biogas production of elephant feces associated with the feed given. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of biogas that is emitted from the elephant feces as a result of two kinds of feed, which were elephant grass and combination of elephant grass, sweet potatoes, maize, and bananas. Previously, the elephants were acclimatized for 4 days with the two types of feed. Fermentation of the feces was conducted by using simple fermenters by volume of 3.42 L for 28 days and performed measurements of temperature, pH, concentration of ammonia, concentration of volatile fatty acids, substrate degradation and production of biogas. The result showed that the composition of feed affects the physico-chemical characteristics of the feces, production of ammonia and volatile fatty acids, substrate degradation and production of biogas. The feces of Sumatran elephant fed with elephant grasses has higher potential for decomposition to mineralization into biogas and produce a higher proportion of methane gas carbon dioxide, than those fed with the combinated feed. This result needs to be a concern because with the fiber-rich feed like in their natural habitats, elephants have the potential to emit higher gas emissions. Therefore the biogas released from the elephant feces or other animals should be processed and utilized to meet the energy needs in the wildlife park itself.

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