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Parametric study of a dual-band quasi-Yagi antenna for LTE application Md Ashraful Haque; Mohd Azman Zakariya; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Md. Afzalur Rahman; Liton Chandra Paul
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 3: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i3.4639

Due to small size and lightweight properties, the development of microstrip (MS) patch antennas for wireless communication has become one of the mobile application devices in demand in recent years. This has helped to reduce reliance on wired cables. In this paper, a study has been performed on MS antenna by developing a quasi-Yagi structure on a fire retardant-4 (FR-4) substrate with a MS to coplanar strip line (CPS) transition feeding technique. The antenna is designed by using computer simulation technology (CST) to achieve the desired resonant frequency and bandwidth. The proposed dual band quasi-Yagi antenna has impedance bandwidths of approximately 0.3 GHz and 0.22 GHz resonating at 1.80 GHz and 2.60 GHz, respectively, which makes it suitable for long-term evolution (LTE) applications. Eight-director elements in four pairs are constructed to achieve directivity with magnitudes of 6 dB and 8.3 dBi at both resonant frequencies, 1.80 GHz and 2.60 GHz, respectively. Different parametric studies have also been performed to characterize the antenna radiation characteristics. The return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), front to back (F/B) ratio and far-field radiation are analyzed and discussed.

Investigation of coupling loss caused by misalignment in optical fiber Md Ashraful Haque; Mohd Azman Zakariya; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Liton Chandra Paul; Md. Fatin Ishraque
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 3: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i3.4552

In a fiber optic communication system, optical fiber is used as a transmission medium consisting of a flexible filament that guides the optical signal to be transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver or vice versa. Like any other communication medium, the optical fiber cable faces some losses that can be caused by the material and length of the fiber. One of the main reasons for losses in optical communication systems is misalignment during the fiber to fiber joining process. This type of loss is also known as coupling loss, which is caused by an imperfect physical connection between two fibers. The coupling losses are most often caused by three misalignment issues: end gap displacement, lateral displacement, and angular displacement. The main goal of this article is to investigate coupling loss caused by misalignment in optical fiber using the Modicom 6 module. Before we can find a way to reduce the coupling losses in the fiber optic system, we need to have a concrete idea about the nature of coupling losses due to misalignment. An ideal fiber coupler should not lose light and should be insensitive to light dispersion.

A novel-shaped THz MIMO antenna with high bandwidth for advanced 6G wireless application Kamal Hossain Nahin; Jamal Hossain Nirob; Md. Ashraful Haque; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Redwan Al Mahmud Bin Asad Ananta; Md. Kawsar Ahmed; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Liton Chandra Paul
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26559

This article presents an industrial and innovation highly efficient drone shaped slotted graphene-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with improved isolation, designed for high-speed short-range communication, video rate imaging, medical imaging, and explosive detection in the THz band. The proposed antenna is constructed on an 88×244 μm2 polyimide substrate. Key performance parameters such as reflection coefficient, gain, directivity, radiation pattern, and antenna efficiency are evaluated at the resonating frequencies of 1.7 THz, 3.35 THz, and 5.31 THz, covering a wide bandwidth of 4.88 THz with a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 13.92 dB and a radiation efficiency of 95.77% within the resonating band. The MIMO design parameters include an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.00015, a diversity gain (DG) of 9.9992, and an isolation of less than -31.55 dB between its elements across the entire bandwidth. The outcomes from CST simulations were verified by designing and simulating a similar resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) circuit in advanced design system (ADS), with both simulators producing comparable reflection coefficients. These features underscore the potential of the proposed antenna, utilizing simulations and an equivalent RLC circuit model, as a robust candidate for THz band applications in 6G wireless communication.

High-bandwidth millimetre wave multiple-input multiple-output antenna for 38 GHz 5G mobile applications Md. Ashraful Haque; Md. Kawsar Ahmed; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Md. Afzalur Rahman; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Redwan A. Ananta; Kamal Hossain Nahin; Jamal Hossain Nirob; Liton Chandra Paul
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i2.26491

This study assesses the efficacy of an industrial and innovation antenna by scrutinizing its performance using simulations and an equivalent resistor, inductor, and capacitor (RLC) circuit model. By utilizing computer simulation technology (CST) modeling techniques, the antenna’s small dimensions of 37.75×31.75 mm2 are considered concerning the minimum frequency. The antenna functions at a frequency of 38 GHz, with a bandwidth of 11 GHz. It has a maximum gain of 8.875 dB and demonstrates excellent isolation (-27.627 dB) and efficiency (98.859%), respectively. By designing and simulating a comparable RLC circuit in advanced design system (ADS), we have confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the data acquired via CST. Both CST and ADS simulators yielded similar reflection coefficients. This antenna is a superb option for the 38 GHz frequency range in 5G wireless communication.

Optimized tri-band MIMO antenna design for 6G terahertz applications and future connectivity Jamal Hossain Nirob; Kamal Hossain Nahin; Md. Ashraful Haque; Redwan A. Ananta; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Md. Kawsar Ahmed; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Liton Chandra Paul
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i2.26579

This paper presents an industrial and innovation rectangular-shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna designed for terahertz (THz) frequency applications, specifically targeting 6G communication. The proposed antenna achieves triple-band operation at 3.62 THz, 6.248 THz, and 7.613 THz by incorporating four T-shaped slots. It is designed on a polyimide substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a tangent loss of 0.0027, with dimensions of 80 μm by 180 μm and a thickness of 11 μm. The patch and the ground plane are constructed from copper, ensuring robust performance. The antenna provides bandwidths of 0.7 THz, 2.2 THz, and 1.1 THz, with isolation levels exceeding -31.3 dB. It achieves a peak gain of 14.3 dB and a high efficiency of 94%, demonstrating its potential for high-performance THz applications. MIMO performance parameters, such as the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC), exhibit excellent agreement with theoretical values. The design is further validated through simulations using computer simulation technology (CST) and a circuit model in advanced design system (ADS). The results of these tests mirrored those of the CST simulations, confirming the reliability of future 6G THz communication systems.

ANN-based performance estimation of a slotted inverted F-shaped tri-band antenna for satellite/mm-wave 5G application Md. Kawsar Ahmed; Kamal Hossain Nahin; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Md. Ashraful Haque; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Redwan Al Mahmud Asad Ananta; Jamal Hossain Nirob; Mirajul Islam; Liton Chandra Paul
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 22, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v22i4.26028

In this research, we explain comprehensive industrial and innovation results on using an artificial neural network (ANN) method to improve the performance of microstrip patch antennas for 5G, indoor-outdoor, and Ku band uses. To determine if an antenna is appropriate, this article discusses multiple methods, one of which is to do a simulation using validating software like high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and Altair Feko. Based on the Rogers RT 5880 substrate, the antenna is constructed. There is a loss tangent of 0.0009 and its dimensions are 17.1053 mm in length and 16 mm in width. Its dielectric constant is 2.2. Despite its small size, it boasts an impressive maximum efficiency of almost 90% and a gain of approximately 8 dB. As an indicator of ANN model performance, we may look at the R-squared value (99%), the mean square error (MSE), which is approximately 0.0015, and the confidence interval (99%). The ANN models are the most accurate and have the lowest error rate when it comes to predicting efficiency and gain. The suggested antenna is a promising contender for the targeted Ku band, indoor/outdoor, and 5G uses, as verified by the clustering of computer simulation technology (CST), HFSS, and Altair Feko simulated results with the measured and predicted outcomes of ANN approach

Graphene-based high-gain MIMO antenna for enhanced 6G wireless communication systems Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Md. Ashraful Haque; Jamal Hossain Nirob; Kamal Hossain Nahin; Md. Kawsar Ahmed; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Redwan A. Ananta; Liton Chandra Paul
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26568

This paper presents a novel design and analysis of a high-performance multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terahertz (THz) antenna intended for next-generation sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna operates over a wide frequency range of 1 THz to 4.9 THz, achieving a broad bandwidth of 3.9 THz with three distinct resonant frequencies at 2.05 THz, 3.9 THz, and 4.52 THz, each exhibiting excellent return loss characteristics. The antenna features a graphene-based patch with a copper ground plane, etched on a polyimide substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 3.5 and a thickness of 10 micrometers (μm). Key performance metrics, including a high gain of 15.9 decibels (dB), an efficiency of 95.95%, an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.0005, and a diversity gain (DG) of 9.997 dB, indicate outstanding performance. The measured isolation between the two antenna elements is -31.91 dB, signifying excellent isolation. An equivalent resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuit model is developed using advanced design system (ADS), validated by comparing S11 results from both computer simulation technology (CST) and ADS simulations. The proposed MIMO antenna’s wide operating range and robust performance demonstrates great potential for high-speed THz wireless communication, imaging, spectroscopy, sensing, and offers valuable contributions to industry and innovation.

A 6G THz MIMO antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for high-speed wireless communication Redwan Al Mahmud Bin Asad Ananta; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Md. Ashraful Haque; Md. Kawsar Ahmed; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Jamal Hossain Nirob; Kamal Hossain Nahin; Liton Chandra Paul
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i3.26526

This study presents a comprehensive industrial and innovation design and thorough analysis of a terahertz (THz) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, addressing the increasing demand for high-performance multi-antenna systems in THz communication applications. The primary objective of this research is to develop a compact and efficient MIMO antenna that operates over a wide frequency range and provides high isolation, specifically within the 1–10 THz spectrum. The proposed antenna achieves an impressive total bandwidth of approximately 9 THz, featuring seven distinct resonance frequencies at 1.39 THz, 3.26 THz, 4.72 THz, 5.96 THz, 7.07 THz, 8.194 THz, and 9.426 THz. The design employs a polyimide substrate and a graphene patch. Key performance metrics include a maximum gain of 15 dB, efficiency of 99.8%, and isolation values that range from 28 dB to 63 dB. An resistor inductor capacitor (RLC) equivalent circuit using advanced design system (ADS) software. Additionally, the antenna displays remarkable diversity metrics, with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.000778 and a diversity gain of 9.99961 dB. With compact dimensions of (65×180) µm2 and outstanding performance characteristics, this design is confirmed to be suitable for THz applications, fulfilling the research goal of facilitating efficient and reliable communication in sophisticated multi-antenna systems.

Dual band antenna design for 4G/5G application and prediction of gain using machine learning approaches Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Md. Ashraful Haque; Redwan A. Ananta; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Md. Abdul Kader Jilani; Liton Chandra Paul; Rajermani Thinakaran; Malathy Batumalay; JosephNg Poh Soon; Deshinta Arrova Dewi
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i2.26233

In this research, we disclose our findings from exploring a machine learning (ML) approach to enhancing the antenna’s performance in Industrial and Innovation contexts, particularly for4G and 5G (n77, n78) contexts. Methods for evaluating antenna performance utilizing simulation, the resistor, inductor, and capacitor (RLC) equivalent circuit model, and ML are discussed. Gain is a maximum of 6.56 dB and efficiency is about 97% for this antenna. The predicted antenna gain is calculated using an alternative supervised regression ML technique. Multiple measures, including as the variance score, R-square (R2), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE), can be used to assess an ML model’s performance. The linear regression (LR) model predicts profit with the fewest errors and highest accuracy of the five ML models. Finally, computer simulation technology (CST) and advanced design system (ADS) modeling findings, along with ML results, show that the proposed antenna is a promising option for 4G and 5G applications.

A multiband sub-6 THz patch antenna with high gain for IoT and 6G communication Redwan Al Mahmud Bin Asad Ananta; Md. Sharif Ahammed; Md Ashraful Haque; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Kamal Hossain Nahin; Jamal Hossain Nirob; Md. Kawsar Ahmed; Liton Chandra Paul
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i3.26551

This comprehensive study introduces a meticulously designed and characterized terahertz (THz) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna engineered to operate within the 0.4 THz to 1.6 THz frequency range. The antenna’s construction includes a copper patch and ground plane integrated into a polyimide substrate, ensuring exceptional durability and robust performance. Significantly, the antenna reveals four distinct resonance frequencies at 0.46 THz, 0.9 THz, 1.31 THz, and 1.44 THz each accompanied by bandwidths of 0.005 THz, 0.17 THz, and 0.34 THz, respectively. Moreover, the antenna delivers notable gains of 8.52 dB, 11.54 dB, and 13.25 dB at these frequencies, coupled with substantial efficiencies of 88.32%, 92.02%, and 89.89%, respectively. Additionally, the antenna showcases exceptional isolation of 26 dB, a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.003, and a diversity gain (DG) of 9.98. These remarkable attributes underscore the antenna’s aptness for high-performance THz applications, offering substantial advantages in terms of gain, efficiency, and isolation for next-generation wireless communication systems.

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