Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Hasanuddin Law Review Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies
Saidatul Nadia Abd Aziz
Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal Status of Cryptocurrency Circulation in Iraq: Lessons from the United Arab Emirates and the United States Ghassan Adhab Atiyah; Nazura Abdul Manap; Saidatul Nadia Abd Aziz
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 9 ISSUE 1, APRIL 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v9i1.3867

Abstract

The philosophical emergence of cryptocurrencies is a consequence of the desire to get rid of the authorities’ control of the monetary system, which encouraged people to deal with it for investment or to facilitate the fulfilment of their financial obligations. The research problem is represented through the lack of legislation that regulates dealing with cryptocurrencies in Iraq. There are many technical, legal, and security risks for the use and circulation of cryptocurrency, which must be legally addressed and suitable solutions found. Therefore, this article aims to examine and analyse the legal status of cryptocurrencies in selected jurisdictions through multiple stages, from prohibition to licensing and regulation. This article adopted a qualitative approach to analyse the legal status of cryptocurrency in the selected jurisdictions. The study finding shows that the Iraqi authorities do not have the technical or legal means to prevent the illegal use of cryptocurrencies. In addition, there is a large legislative gap with the developed countries, and lawmakers need to regulate cryptocurrencies by enacting laws to protect people from falling victim to fraud.
A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of Corruption Practices in Indonesia and Malaysia Adithiya Diar; Tri Imam Munandar; Saidatul Nadia Abd Aziz
Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (November, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v10i2.30206

Abstract

This study analyses the dynamics of corruption in Indonesia and Malaysia as developing countries, focusing on how corrupt practices have transformed from individual crimes into institutionalized systems legitimized socially and politically. socially and politically. The main research questions include: (1) how the forms and patterns of corruption evolve within the institutional context of developing states; and (2) how written law in Indonesia and Malaysia contributes to both the preservation and control of corruption. This research employs a socio-legal approach using a comparative normative-sociological analysis of anti-corruption regulations, law enforcement institutions, and political practices in both countries. The findings reveal that Indonesia and Malaysia face a paradox in their anti-corruption frameworks: strong normative structures yet weak implementation due to the dominance of political interests, bureaucratic patronage, and limited institutional independence. The transformation of corruption occurs through the institutionalization of patronage and socially accepted gratification practices, embedding corruption within the governance system itself. In conclusion, effective anti-corruption efforts in both countries require structural reforms that reinforce the independence of anti-corruption agencies, promote active participation by civil society, and establish an integrity-based private sector. The law must be liberated from political domination so that it functions not merely as a repressive instrument, but as a means of cultivating public ethics and achieving substantive justice.
Co-Authors Adithiya Diar Ghassan Adhab Atiyah Nazura Abdul Manap Tri Imam Munandar