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All Journal The Indonesian Journal of Public Health Folia Medica Indonesiana
Natalia Erica Jahja, Natalia Erica
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Preliminary Investigation of Risk Factors for Food Allergies in the Pediatric Population: Observations from a Survey Utilizing a Simplified Questionnaire in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia Jahja, Natalia Erica; Hikmah, Zahrah; Putera, Azwin Mengindra; Endaryanto, Anang
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 1
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

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Abstract

Highlights: 1. A questionnaire, comprising various risk factors associated with food allergies, is anticipated to provide reliable indications for determining the necessity of restrictive diets for patients within primary healthcare settings. 2. Over time, the findings of this study can facilitate the development of a streamlined and cost-effective diagnostic tool, which will be particularly beneficial in remote regions due to its practical and efficient means of identifying food allergies. Abstract In Gresik, Indonesia, limited resources have led to challenges in accurately diagnosing food allergies. This study aimed to identify risk factors for food allergies among children in Gresik using a questionnaire-based approach. The study's ultimate goal was to develop a simple diagnostic tool in primary healthcare settings. Conducted at Petrokimia Gresik Hospital, this cross-sectional study enrolled children aged ≥6 months experiencing respiratory symptoms or atopic dermatitis for ≥1 week. The subjects (n = 247) underwent a two- to four-week restrictive diet for diagnostic purposes. The questionnaire demonstrated validity and reliability. Bivariate statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlations between risk factors and the incidence of food allergies (p < 0.05). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to establish the cut-off values for the number of food allergies and atopic family members. The majority of the 247 children enrolled in this study were 6 to 12 years old. Respiratory symptoms (56.3%) were more common than atopic dermatitis (38.1%). The significant risk factors for food allergies included atopic dermatitis (p = 0.001; R = 0.203), previous history of suspected food allergies (p < 0.001; R = 0.747), and atopy in the family (p = 0.013; R = 0.157). The ROC curve analysis established the cut-off values for the number of atopic family members at 1.5 (p = 0.005; 95% CI 0.53-0.67) and the number of food allergies at 0.5 (p = 0.000; 95% CI 0.85-0.94). In conclusion, children are considered at risk of food allergies if they display persistent respiratory symptoms or atopic dermatitis, considering the history of suspected food allergies even to only one specific type of food.
THE RISK FACTORS AND BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH HOUSE DUST MITE-RELATED ALLERGIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY Jahja, Natalia Erica; Hikmah, Zahrah
The Indonesian Journal of Public Health Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): THE INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijph.v21i1.2026.101-112

Abstract

Introduction: Allergic respiratory disease (ARD) affects 10-30% of the global population, especially children, and is frequently triggered by house dust mites (HDM). Gresik, a metropolitan area in East Java with high air pollution, contribute to an increased prevalence of ARD symptoms. Aim: This study aimed to identify risk factors and behaviours associated with HDM allergies in children, using a questionnaire-based approach. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to July 2023 at Petrokimia Gresik Hospital. Participants included children aged six months and older with chronic cough or rhinitis. HDM allergy diagnosis was confirmed via skin prick test (SPT) or specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) test only after excluding other differential diagnoses. Data on ARD symptoms and HDM-related risk factors were collected through a validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression model with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Of 344 eligible children, 261 completed the study. Children with HDM allergy (22.6%) were notably older (5.5 ± 2.5 years) compared to those without HDM allergy (4.5 ± 2.5 years; p=0.001). In the multivariable analysis, family history of atopy was independently associated with higher odds of HDM allergy (AOR 2.72; 95% CI 1.27–5.79; p = 0.010), whereas increasing age was associated with lower odds (AOR 0.989; 95% CI 0.980–0.998; p = 0.013). Conclusion: Family history of atopy showed a stronger association with HDM allergy, while increasing age was inversely associated. Environmental factors were not significant after adjustment. However, multicentre studies are essential to validate these findings.
Co-Authors Anang Endaryanto Azwin Mengindra Putera Zahrah Hikmah, Zahrah