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The Role of Village-Owned Enterprises (Bumdes) in Achieving a Green Economy through Waste Banks in Transforming Waste to Diesel Energy Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Ismail, Ismail; Azizah, Anisa Kurniatul; Adha, Fajar
Jurnal Hukum Replik Vol 12, No 1 (2024): JURNAL HUKUM REPLIK
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31000/jhr.v12i1.10582

In the effort to manage waste, waste processing is frequently handled by larger groups or stakeholders with substantial capital. Therefore, this scholarly work proposes the independent processing of waste using financially accessible equipment. This initiative is grounded in waste mitigation efforts commencing early at the village governance level, acting as collectors and managers of waste. This concept aligns with the elevation of economy based on green economics, considering the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program. The implementation of this concept yields a dual impact, strengthening the village economy through BUMDES while simultaneously mitigating environmental pollution resulting from poorly managed waste. This research utilizes a normative method with statutory, conceptual, and field approaches. This study is tested in Balun Village, Turi Sub-district, Lamongan Regency, East Java Province, through collaboration between the Village-Owned Enterprise "Sumber Mandiri" and Bhayangkara University Surabaya. In its implementation phase, the primary objective is to create a Waste Bank as a platform for sourcing main raw materials from waste to produce alternative fuel as a substitute for diesel. The subsequent step involves waste processing through integrated distillation and pyrolysis machines.Keywords: Bumdes, Waste Management, Green Economy

Intellectual Property Rights in BRICS Countries: Legal Frameworks, Enforcement Challenges, and Economic Implications Haryono, Haryono; Utari, Woro; Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Endarto, Budi; Santoso, Bagus Teguh
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2 No. 12 (2024): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v2i12.1550

This study explores the legal frameworks, enforcement challenges, and economic implications of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—using a normative juridical approach and qualitative analysis. The findings reveal significant disparities in the governance of IPR among these nations, with China and India leading in innovation and enforcement reforms, while Brazil, Russia, and South Africa face persistent challenges related to institutional capacity and judicial delays. Despite progress in aligning with international standards such as TRIPS, enforcement gaps and socio-economic priorities influence the effectiveness of IPR systems. The study also highlights the dual economic impact of IPR: fostering innovation and investment while raising concerns over access to essential goods. This research underscores the need for harmonized frameworks, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, and a balanced approach to innovation and equity in BRICS countries.

Challenging Government Overreach Munir, Ahmad; Djatmiati, Tatiek Sri; Aisyah, rr.Herini Siti; Santoso, Bagus Teguh
Indonesian Journal of Law and Society Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Indigenous Human Rights and the Cultural Resistance
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Jember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ijls.v5i2.53625

This research examines the implications of Law No. 9 of 2017 on Access to Financial Information for Tax Purposes (IKKP), which grants the Indonesian government, through the Directorate General of Taxes, extensive access to financial information from financial service institutions regarding any taxpayer. Article 6 of this law further provides immunity to government officials, including those from the Ministry of Finance, the Financial Services Authority, and financial institutions, from criminal or civil prosecution under the pretext of “carrying out duties.” This broad authority and immunity raise concerns about potential violations of taxpayer privacy rights, especially for those who have diligently fulfilled their tax obligations. The research argues that such unrestricted government access contradicts the right to privacy for all taxpayers, necessitating legal limitations to safeguard individual rights. The study emphasizes the importance of equitable treatment in ensuring that justice is maintained, particularly for compliant taxpayers. Utilizing a normative research methodology, which includes legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study highlights the potential conflict between the IKKP Law and other existing regulations, such as Law No. 7 of 2021 on Harmonization of Tax Regulations (HPP) and Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP). The research underscores the need for a balance between tax transparency and the protection of personal financial data. In conclusion, this study calls for legal action, such as judicial review, to prevent the IKKP Law from undermining human rights and the supremacy of law. Protecting taxpayer privacy within a democratic legal framework is essential to achieving justice and upholding the principles of a Rechtsstaat.

A Holistic Approach to Carbon Trading Based on AI, Blockchain, and Satellite Data: A Study on East Java Protected Forest Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v3i03.1803

This study explores a holistic approach to carbon trading by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to address challenges in managing East Java’s protected forests. AI models were utilized to estimate carbon stocks with high accuracy, while blockchain ensured transparent and secure carbon credit transactions. GIS analysis provided real-time monitoring of forest dynamics and identified high-priority zones for carbon trading. The integrated framework demonstrated significant improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and stakeholder trust compared to traditional methods. The study concludes that this approach is a scalable and effective solution for enhancing carbon trading systems and contributing to sustainable forest management in Indonesia.

Modeling Carbon Trade with Satellite Approach and AI Technology: A Sustainable Solution for REDD+ Scheme in Indonesia Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Nature and Technology Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): West Science Nature and Technology
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsnt.v3i01.1804

The increasing urgency to mitigate climate change has intensified the need for effective carbon trading mechanisms, particularly under the REDD+ scheme. This study explores the potential of integrating satellite technology, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to develop a sustainable carbon trade model tailored to Indonesia’s unique environmental and policy landscape. The research focuses on deforestation hotspots in Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Papua, leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery and machine learning algorithms for precise carbon stock estimation. Results indicate significant deforestation trends, with an average annual loss of 1.2% of forest cover and 320 million metric tons of carbon over the past decade. AI-powered predictive models achieved 92% accuracy in identifying deforestation hotspots and estimating carbon stocks, underscoring their utility in enhancing Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems. Policy analysis highlights critical gaps in enforcement and community participation. This study proposes a scalable and transparent carbon trade model that aligns with REDD+ objectives, fostering equitable and sustainable climate solutions for Indonesia.

Utilizing AI and Satellite Technology to Measure the Effectiveness of Carbon Trading in East Java Protected Forests Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Nature and Technology Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025): West Science Nature and Technology
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsnt.v3i01.1805

This study investigates the effectiveness of utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for measuring the impact of carbon trading initiatives on East Java's protected forests. The research integrates satellite imagery, AI-driven land-use classification, and carbon stock analysis to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social outcomes of these programs. Key findings indicate a significant reduction in deforestation and an increase in carbon sequestration, driven by targeted reforestation efforts and financial incentives from carbon trading. Socioeconomic benefits, including enhanced community livelihoods and reduced reliance on unsustainable practices, further underscore the program's success. However, challenges such as leakage effects and data inconsistencies highlight areas requiring improvement. The study concludes that advanced technologies, when effectively integrated, offer transformative potential for sustainable forest management and carbon trading efficacy in Indonesia.

A Holistic Approach to Carbon Trading Based on AI, Blockchain, and Satellite Data: A Study on East Java Protected Forest Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v3i03.1803

This study explores a holistic approach to carbon trading by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to address challenges in managing East Java’s protected forests. AI models were utilized to estimate carbon stocks with high accuracy, while blockchain ensured transparent and secure carbon credit transactions. GIS analysis provided real-time monitoring of forest dynamics and identified high-priority zones for carbon trading. The integrated framework demonstrated significant improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and stakeholder trust compared to traditional methods. The study concludes that this approach is a scalable and effective solution for enhancing carbon trading systems and contributing to sustainable forest management in Indonesia.

Analysis of Blockchain Integration in Carbon Trade Management: A Perspective on Forest Cover and REDD+ Schemes in Indonesia Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Social and Humanities Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Social and Humanities Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsshs.v3i03.1806

The integration of blockchain technology in carbon trade management offers transformative potential for improving transparency, monitoring, and efficiency in Indonesia's REDD+ schemes. This study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing data from three informants—a blockchain expert, an environmental policymaker, and a conservationist—using NVivo software for thematic analysis. Findings reveal that blockchain enhances transparency and trust, streamlines Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) processes, and addresses challenges in carbon trade systems. However, barriers such as infrastructure gaps, high implementation costs, and regulatory ambiguities remain. The study underscores the need for targeted capacity building, pilot programs, and robust policy frameworks to enable effective blockchain adoption in Indonesia's carbon markets.

Integrative Blockchain for Transparency and Efficiency of Carbon Trade Marketing Model in Bromo-Tengger-Semeru Region Haryono, Haryono; Rahman, Arief; Zainal, Rifki Fahrial; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Endarto, Budi
West Science Social and Humanities Studies Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): West Science Social and Humanities Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsshs.v3i03.1807

The integration of blockchain technology with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers an innovative solution for enhancing transparency and efficiency in carbon trade marketing. This study explores the development of an integrative blockchain-based carbon trade marketing model for the Bromo-Tengger-Semeru region, utilizing GIS analysis for spatial verification and dynamic monitoring of carbon stock. Results indicate significant carbon sequestration potential in the region, with high carbon stock zones and reforestation opportunities identified through GIS. The blockchain system improves transaction transparency, traceability, and efficiency through the use of smart contracts and decentralized ledgers. Stakeholder workshops demonstrated strong support for the proposed model, emphasizing its potential to overcome existing challenges in carbon trading. The integration of GIS and blockchain ensures spatial accuracy and enhances stakeholder confidence, making it a viable approach for scaling carbon trade initiatives. This study contributes to the advancement of sustainable carbon trade practices, offering a replicable model for other regions.

Legal Framework and Law Enforcement of Illegal Mining in Indonesia: A Normative Jurisdictional Analysis of the Implications of Environmental Law and Criminal Law Rahmawati, Diah Ayu; Haryono, Haryono; Endarto, Budi; Santoso, Bagus Teguh; Kunarso, Kunarso
West Science Law and Human Rights Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): West Science Law and Human Rights
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wslhr.v3i02.1865

This paper explores the legal framework and law enforcement mechanisms regarding illegal mining in Indonesia, focusing on the implications for environmental protection and criminal accountability. The study employs a normative juridical analysis to examine the existing laws, including the Mining Law No. 4 of 2009, Environmental Law No. 32 of 2009, and the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). The paper highlights the gaps in the legal system, such as weak enforcement, inadequate penalties, and the challenges posed by corruption within local authorities. It also assesses the social and environmental consequences of illegal mining, including deforestation, pollution, and the exploitation of local communities. The findings suggest that while Indonesia has a comprehensive legal framework, the effectiveness of its enforcement mechanisms remains insufficient. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes recommendations to strengthen law enforcement, improve penalties, combat corruption, and support alternative livelihoods for communities affected by illegal mining.

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