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Journal : Journal of Language and Literature

Analysis of Free Indirect Discourse Narratives in the Works of Austen, Joyce, and Kingston Manggong, Lestari
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 17, No 1 (2017): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (210.006 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v17i1.580

Abstract

Language, with the complexity of its structure, can be problematic in terms of interpreting works of literature. This essay discusses the problems perceived in the process of interpretation of free indirect discourse narratives in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Emma, James Joyce’s A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man and The Dead, and Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey. Narratives with free indirect discourse opens up possibility of misinterpretation caused by the misconception of whose point of view the story is told. By looking at the works within the concept of narratology by Chatman (1978) and Prince (2003), such narratives—which apply the viewpoint of omniscient narrators—cause ambiguity to the voice of external and internal focalisers. This is due to the fact that the use of such narratives blends the two types of focalisations. The findings of this research lead to an argument that through external focalisation, the view becomes objective. Yet through internal focalisation, the view tends to become subjective as it is infiltrated by the character’s view. Such an argument then gives way to a conclusion that narratives with free indirect discourse gives effect to irony in the story-telling process of the works discussed. Keywords: free indirect discourse, narratology, focalisation
Creating a Home Elsewhere: Diasporic Imagination in Lee Isaac Chung’s Minari Fauziyah, Alifya Aini; Manggong, Lestari; Maulana, Sandya
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 24, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v24i1.6373

Abstract

Minari, a film screened in 2020 directed by Lee Isaac Chung, presents a Korean immigrant family having moved to Arkansas in fulfilling their American dream at the cost of being displaced and out of place. By focusing on the attempt made by Jacob, the father, to recreate the imagined home which refers to South Korea, this study aims to show how the displacement and unhomeliness in the construction of diasporic imagination are displayed in the film. David, the son, not only feels out of place but is also obligated to feel a kind of belonging to both cultures. Jacob’s mother-in-law, Soon-Ja, having newly arrived in the US brings recent memories of home into the family that represent the Korean immigrant perspective of living in the US for the first time. This approach will show how the American film attempts to incorporate the new forms of portraying the ‘elsewhere’ which is an important characteristic of American dream narratives. The analysis is conducted by referring to Bhabha’s unhomeliness and Walder’s displacement in comprehending the contrast between the stereotypical characteristics of Korean immigrants and the American dream through the dialogues and scenes. We would like to argue that Minari follows the convention of the American dream narratives. However, due to displacement and unhomeliness, the film shows how Korean immigrants experience being awkwardly immersed within the mainstream American cultural discourse.