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Paul Bukitwetan, Paul
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Comparative analysis of transport media for isolating Shigella Lesmana, Murad; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Herwana, Elly; Bukitwetan, Paul; Surjawidjaja, Julius E
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.51-56

Abstract

Transport media for Shigella include buffered glycerol saline (BGS), and Cary-Blair (CB). However being a liquid medium BGS may leak or spill during transport and thus may cause contamination. The other concern is the 30% concentration of glycerol in the BGS which may be inhibitory to some susceptible Shigella species. This study was conducted to determine the best and safe transport media for Shigella. Rectal swab samples were obtained from 289 dysenteric patients and transported to the laboratory in Cary-Blair (CB) transport medium, standard buffered glycerol saline (BGS), BGS with the addition of 0.5% agar (BGS-A), and BGS with the addition of 0.5% agar and reduced glycerol to 15% (BGS-M). Recovery rates between CB, BGS, BGS-A and BGS-M and their combinations were compared. The overall prevalence of Shigella recovered from any of the four tubes was 24.9% (72/289). CB and BGS-M recovered Shigella in 54 out of 289 patients (18.7%), CB and BGS-A in 50 (17.3%), and CB and BGS in 49 (17.0%), while CB, BGS, BGS-A, and BGS-M alone gave positive Shigella in 30 (10,4%), 29 (10.0%), 34 (11.8%) and 46 (15.9%), respectively. This study suggests that a minor modification to the BGS raised the recovery rate of Shigella.
Clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract infection in children at Kalideres Community Health Center, West Jakarta Widagdo, Widagdo; Mawardi, Harmon; Gandaputra, Ellen P; Fairuza, Firda; Pou, Rudy; Bukitwetan, Paul
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.168-178

Abstract

ntroduction The National Household Health Survey showed that the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) in Indonesia was high. The objectives of the study were to investigate the clinical manifestations of URI, its bacterial spectrum and sensitivity. MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out involving one hundred children with symptoms of URI i.e. fever, cough and or runny nose. The data of demography, physical sign, hematology, bacterial spectrum and sensitivity were collected. ResultsThe prevalence of URI was higher in male, younger age, smoker family, low educated, low income family, and polluted environment. The manifestations of URI were rhinopharyngitis (52%), pharyngitis (18%), rhinitis (12%), tonsilopharyngitis (10%), and tonsillitis (8%). The isolated bacteria were S. aureus, S. b hemolyticus, K. pneumoniae, C. diphtheriae, S. albus and S. anhemolyticus. S. aureus was higher in male than in female (p<0.01), while S. aureus, S. â hemolyticus, and C. bacterium diphtheriae were higher in preschool age children (p<0.01), and K. pneumoniae were higher in infants (p<0.01). S. aureus, and S. â hemolyticus were higher in children with under-nutrition, while in normal nutrition were of K. pneumonia and C diphtheriae (p<0.01). Most bacteria were intermediate and resistant to fourteen tested antibiotics.ConclusionThe manifestations of URI were rhinopharyngitis (52%), pharyngitis (18%), rhinitis (12%), tonsilopharyngitis (10%), and tonsillitis (8%), each of which could be associated with the complication and accompanying disease. The pathogenic bacterial spectrum of the throat consisted of S. aureus, S. â hemolyticus, K. pneumonia, and C. diphtheriae.
Perbandingan agar MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella, dan xylose lysine deoxycholate untuk isolasi Shigella dari usap dubur penderita diare Surjawidjaja, Julius E; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Bukitwetan, Paul; Lesmana, Murad
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.57-63

Abstract

LATAR BELAKANGUmumnya media untuk isolasi Shigella dari tinja terdiri dari media diferensial seperti MacConkey (MAC) dan media selektif seperti agar Salmonella-Shigella (SS), xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD), dan Hektoen enteric (HEA). Untuk isolasi kuman enterik digunakan kombinasi media dengan selektivitas sedang dan sangat selektif, tetapi belum ada keseragaman mengenai media atau kombinasi media yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan media MAC, SS, dan XLD serta mengetahui media mana yang paling sensitif untuk isolasi Shigella.METODEUsap dubur dari penderita diare ditanamkan pada agar MAC, SS dan XLD. Lempeng- agar diinkubasi pada suhu 370C selama 24 jam. Koloni tersangka (non-lactose fermenting) diambil dan ditanamkan ke media biokimia untuk identifikasi Shigella. Uji serologi dilakukan untuk konfirmasi dengan menggunakan serum anti spesifik (Difco laboratories, Detroit, MI). Program Epi Info versi 6 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) digunakan untuk analisis statistik.HASILSebanyak 1.027 usap dubur dari penderita diare dibiakkan pada agar MAC, SS, dan XLD. Hasil isolasi untuk Shigella secara keseluruhan adalah 8,4%, terdiri dari S. flexneri 6,2%, S. sonnei 1,9%, S. boydii 0,2% dan S. dysenteriae 0,2%. Derajat isolasi Shigella pada agar MAC adalah sebesar 5,1%, pada SS 4,8%, dan pada XLD 7,1%. Kombinasi dari media biakan menunjukkan bahwa 6,5% dari isolat Shigella diperoleh dari MAC+SS, 8,1% dari MAC+XLD, dan 7,9% dari SS+XLD. Dari 86 usap dubur yang positif untuk Shigella, 20 (22,7%) isolat berasal ari lempeng agar XLD saja, 5 (5,8%) dari SS saja, dan 6 (7,0%) dari MAC saja.KESIMPULANUntuk isolasi S. flexneri dan S. sonnei, XLD adalah media yang paling sensitif. MAC+XLD merupakan kombinasi media diferensial dan selektif yang paling sensitif untuk isolasi kuman Shigella.
Co-Authors Ellen P Gandaputra, Ellen P Elly Herwana, Elly Firda Fairuza, Firda Harmon Mawardi, Harmon Julius E Surjawidjaja, Julius E Murad Lesmana Oktavianus Ch. Salim, Oktavianus Ch. Rudy Pou, Rudy Widagdo Widagdo, Widagdo