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All Journal Universa Medicina YARSI Medical Journal
Widagdo Widagdo, Widagdo
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract infection in children at Kalideres Community Health Center, West Jakarta Widagdo, Widagdo; Mawardi, Harmon; Gandaputra, Ellen P; Fairuza, Firda; Pou, Rudy; Bukitwetan, Paul
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.168-178

Abstract

ntroduction The National Household Health Survey showed that the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) in Indonesia was high. The objectives of the study were to investigate the clinical manifestations of URI, its bacterial spectrum and sensitivity. MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out involving one hundred children with symptoms of URI i.e. fever, cough and or runny nose. The data of demography, physical sign, hematology, bacterial spectrum and sensitivity were collected. ResultsThe prevalence of URI was higher in male, younger age, smoker family, low educated, low income family, and polluted environment. The manifestations of URI were rhinopharyngitis (52%), pharyngitis (18%), rhinitis (12%), tonsilopharyngitis (10%), and tonsillitis (8%). The isolated bacteria were S. aureus, S. b hemolyticus, K. pneumoniae, C. diphtheriae, S. albus and S. anhemolyticus. S. aureus was higher in male than in female (p<0.01), while S. aureus, S. â hemolyticus, and C. bacterium diphtheriae were higher in preschool age children (p<0.01), and K. pneumoniae were higher in infants (p<0.01). S. aureus, and S. â hemolyticus were higher in children with under-nutrition, while in normal nutrition were of K. pneumonia and C diphtheriae (p<0.01). Most bacteria were intermediate and resistant to fourteen tested antibiotics.ConclusionThe manifestations of URI were rhinopharyngitis (52%), pharyngitis (18%), rhinitis (12%), tonsilopharyngitis (10%), and tonsillitis (8%), each of which could be associated with the complication and accompanying disease. The pathogenic bacterial spectrum of the throat consisted of S. aureus, S. â hemolyticus, K. pneumonia, and C. diphtheriae.
INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL PICTURE OF UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN RECEIVING ZINC SUPPLEMENT Widagdo, Widagdo
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 15, No 1 (2007): JANUARI - APRIL 2007
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (124.45 KB) | DOI: 10.33476/jky.v15i1.1000

Abstract

The National Household Health Survey (1995) reported that the prevalence of upper respiratory infection (URI) in Indonesia was found 25.3% for all ages and 47.1% for the under five children. Reports of studies on the effect of zinc in the reduction of respiratory infection stated inconsistentresults. The objective of this community base study is to evaluate the effect of zinc as the attempt to reduce the incidence of URI. We have studied the effect of daily supplementation of 10 mg elemental zinc in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial consisting of 37 children (zinc group) and 36 children (control group) of 6 months - 5 years old. The distribution of preparation and monitoring of morbidity were performed regularly once a week along 2-month study period. During the 2-month study (February-April 2001) we found 24 URI cases in the zinc group and 24 cases in the control group. Time series analysis concerning the incidence and severity of the zinc group showed a negative slope (Yt: a ? bx), while the placebo group showed a positive slope (Yt: a + bx). The evidence and severity of URI in zinc groups within the 1st and 2nd months showedsignificant different, while it was not in the control group. The study obviously showed the benefit of zinc supplementation in the reduction of URI as showed by negative slope in the time series analysis, and significant decreased of the incidence and the severity of URI in zinc group. There was no side effect of zinc supplemented noted. We suggest, therefore regular zinc supplementation to the diet of the children in the low economic level community are needed.
Co-Authors Ellen P Gandaputra, Ellen P Firda Fairuza, Firda Harmon Mawardi, Harmon Paul Bukitwetan, Paul Rudy Pou, Rudy