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BEBERAPA HASIL PENELITIAN KUTAI MULAWARMAN 2008: SITUS MUARA KAMAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAWASAN Noerwidi, Sofwan
Naditira Widya Vol 4, No 2 (2010): Oktober 2010
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/nw.v4i2.30

Abstrak. Pada daerah percabangan Sungai Mahakam dan Sungai Kedang Rantau terdapat situs Muara Kamanyang diyakini sebagai lokasi yang menjadi tonggak awal sejarah Nusantara, dan lokasi asli dari Kerajaan KutaiMulawarman, yaitu kerajaan Hindu pertama yang berdiri pada abad ke-5 Masehi. Tulisan ini membahas perspektifkawasan situs Muara Kaman dalam kerangka sejarah Nusantara dan Asia Tenggara. Hasil kajian ini mengindikasikanadanya kesamaan tinggalan arkeologis dengan beberapa situs dari periode proto-sejarah di Asia Tenggara yangmemiliki kronologi dari awal abad Masehi. Bukti-bukti arkeologis mengarahkan adanya jaringan perdaganganyang erat antara wilayah Kalimantan bagian timur dengan beberapa kota pelabuhan dagang kuna di KepulauanAsia Tenggara yang melibatkan orang berbahasa Austronesia.

YOUNGER TOBA TEPHRA 74 KYA: IMPACT ON REGIONAL CLIMATE, TERRESTIAL ECOSYSTEM, AND PREHISTORIC HUMAN POPULATION Noerwidi, Sofwan
AMERTA Vol. 30 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstrak. Tephra Danau Toba yang Lebih Muda (74 Kya): Efeknya pada Iklim Regional, Ekosistem Darat, dan Populasi Manusia Prasejarah. Salah satu aktivitas vulkanik terbesar yang diperkirakan menjadi penyebab musim dingin vulkanik yang sangat dahsyat pada periode Kuarter adalah letusan Toba pada 74 ka, di Sumatra Utara, Indonesia. Berdasarkan pada teori bencana Toba,hal itu mengakibatkan musnahnya hampir seluruh populasi manusia, dan membentuk bottleneck yang terekam pada gen yang diturunkan di seluruh populasi manusia saat ini. Tulisan ini membicarakan tentang erupsi Toba serta pengaruhnya pada perubahan lingkungan flora, fauna, dan manusia berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian terdahulu. Kata kunci: aktivitas vulkanik, perubahan iklim, populasi manusia Abstract. One of the largest volcanic activity which predicted was caused terrible volcanic winterin Quaternary period is the Toba eruption in 74 ka, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. According to theToba catastrophe theory by some scholars, it had a global consequence of killing most humans whoalive and creating of a population bottleneck that affected the genetic inheritance of all living humans today. This paper will discuss about Toba eruption and also its impact for vegetal, animal, and human environmental change based on previous research. Keywords: volcanic activity, climatic change, human population

Excavation Results from Gua Bedug: New Insights on the Early-Mid Holocene Prehistory of the Rembang Zone Wibowo, Hari; Citra Iqliyah, Darojah; Purnamasari, Rizka; Aris Tanudirjo, Daud; Noerwidi, Sofwan; Rahmadi, Cahyo
PURBAWIDYA Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Vol. 13 (2) November 2024
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/purbawidya.2024.5561

There are not many Early-Mid Holocene sites in the Rembang Zone, moreover that have human remains recovered from excavation. Gua Bedug is one of these sites, and this article presents the preliminary analysis of its excavation results. Currently, dating associated with human remains from Gua Bedug shows occupation from 5.895 - 8.542 cal. BP, showing similarity with the human remains from the southern part of Java that ranged between 9.000-5.000 BP. These human remains at Gua Bedug were recovered in context mostly with shell and bone artifacts, markers of Preneolithic culture. Dating related to the Preneolithic cultural layers in Gunung Sewu shows that this culture lasted between 12,000 to 4,000 BP. Therefore, the cultural layers from the southern part of Java are older than the northern part. Although they share the same markers of Preneolithic culture as the southern sites, the much smaller quantity of lithic artifacts from Gua Bedug, and the abundance of shell and bone artifacts is more likely driven by local adaptation rather than material preference for specific purposes. This local adaptation is also shown in the faunal remains records, which indicate a close interaction between the people of Gua Bedug and their aquatic paleoenvironment.

Why don’t we look to the west? Widianto, Harry; Noerwidi, Sofwan
Berita Sedimentologi Vol 47, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia

Paleontological data indicate that the beginning of Java Island’s human habitation took place at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, around 2.4 Ma, along with uplift process and glacial-interglacial cycles. However, the oldest Homo erectus fossil was mainly found in the eastern part of Java Island where age-dating indicates that they were from ca. 1.5 Ma, especially along the riverbanks of Bengawan Solo and Brantas, such as Perning, Sangiran, Kedungbrubus, Ngandong, Ngawi, Trinil, and Sambungmacan.Recently, Pleistocene sites were discovered from the western part of Java, e.g., Rancah (Ciamis), Semedo (Tegal), and Bumiayu (Brebes) with their archeological, paleontological, and paleoanthropological potentials. This work will present the significance of the potential, especially paleoanthropological data from the new sites, and their implications to the Quaternary prehistory research strategies determination in the future.We present new geological, archeological, paleontological, and paleoanthropological evidence from those mentioned sites. The result shows that the distribution of Homo erectus were extended to the western part of Java, between 1.8-1.7 Ma, older than the oldest previous finding of Homo erectus from Perning and Sangiran. This finding suggests a new window of the human arrival on this island. So, why don’t we look to the west? Intensive research in the future should be addressed to the western part of Java Island.

OSTEOBIOGRAFI RANGKA MANUSIA SITUS LIANG BANGKAI 10, PEGUNUNGAN MERATUS, KALIMANTAN SELATAN Noerwidi, Sofwan; Oktrivia, Ulce; Sugiyanto, Bambang
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2022.22

Abstrak. Jejak paleoantropologis di Kalimantan sampai saat ini baru diketahui dari Gua Niah (Sarawak), Liang Jon dan Kebobo (Pegunungan Sangkulirang—Mangkalihat), Gua Babi dan Gua Tengkorak (Tabalong), serta Gua Jauharlin (Kotabaru). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan osteobiografi sisa rangka manusia dari situs Liang Bangkai 10 (Tanah Bumbu), Pegunungan Meratus yang ditemukan pada tahun 2014 dan belum pernah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Deskripsi osteobiografi bertujuan untuk mengetahui informasi biologis dan kultural rangka manusia dari situs tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan bioarkeologis, yaitu analisis biologis pada sisa manusia yang ditemukan dalam konteks arkeologis, mencakup aspek anatomi tersisa, jumlah minimum individu, usia, jenis kelamin, tinggi badan, afinitas populasi, diet, patologi, modifikasi kultural, praktek penguburan, dan tafonomi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa di Liang Bangkai 10 terdapat paling tidak empat individu manusia, yang terdiri atas dua rangka hampir utuh dari individu dewasa yang dikuburkan dalam posisi terlentang, serta satu individu dewasa dan satu individu anak-anak yang tidak dapat diketahui konteks penguburannya. Rangka-rangka tersebut menunjukkan afinitas populasi Mongoloid, dan karakter campuran dengan Australo-Melanesoid. Pada rangka tersebut ditemukan jejak patologi berupa osteoatritis dan enamel hipoplasia, serta indikasi pola konsumsi diet rendah kalori. Selain itu, juga terdapat jejak tafonomi berupa luka (chopping mark) pada femur kanan dan beberapa tanda tafonomi biotik. Temuan ini memperkaya bukti paleoantropologis di Kalimantan, sehingga dapat melengkapi rekonstruksi sejarah penghunian pulau tersebut beserta etnogenesis manusianya. Kata kunci: Osteobiografi, rangka manusia, pertengahan Holosen, Pegunungan Meratus, Kalimantan Abstract. The Osteobiography of Human Skeleton from Liang Bangkai 10, Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan. Paleoanthropological evidences in Kalimantan have only been known from Niah Cave (in Sarawak), Liang Jon and Kebobo (in Sangkulirang—Mangkalihat Mountains), Gua Babi and Gua Tengkorak (in Tabalong), and Gua Jauharlin (in Kotabaru). This paper aims to describe the osteobiographical aspects of human skeletons from the Liang Bangkai 10 site (in Tanah Bumbu), Meratus Mountains, found in 2014, which previous researchers have never done. The purpose of such an osteobiographical study of the Liang Bangkai 10 remains is to obtain biological and cultural information about humans who once inhabited the site. The study uses a bioarcheological approach by performing a biological analysis of human remains found in an archaeological context, including anatomical traits, the minimum number of individuals, age, sex, stature, population affinity, diet, pathology, cultural modification, burial practices, and taphonomy. The analysis resulted in at least four human individuals at the site, which comprised extended burials of two almost complete adults as well as one adult and one juvenile with unknown burial context. These human remains show a Mongoloid affinity and a combination of Australo-Melanesian characteristics. The skeletons present pathological traces such as osteoarthritis and hypoplastic enamel, and a low-calorie diet pattern. Furthermore, a chopping mark on the right femur and some biotaphonomical evidence were also identified. This finding enriches the paleoanthropological evidence of Kalimantan to complete the historical reconstruction of the human occupation and its ethnogenesis. Keywords: Osteobiography identification, human remains, Middle Holocene, Meratus Mountains, Kalimantan

MIGRASI AUSTRONESIA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BUDAYA DI KEPULAUAN INDONESIA Noerwidi, Sofwan
AMERTA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstrak. Pada saat masyarakat penutur bahasa Austronesia datang di Kepulauan Indonesia, kawasan ini bukanlah suatu daerah kosong tidak berpenghuni. Beberapa pulau di Kepulauan Indonesia telah dihuni oleh populasi lain. Akibat adanya kontak antar-komunitas tersebut mengakibatkan proses adaptasi, inovasi, dan interaksi budaya yang khas sebagaimana tercermin pada perkembangan teknologi alat kerang, teknologi pelayaran dan domestikasi hewan yang dikuasai masyarakat penutur bahasa Austronesia. Tahapan proses migrasi masyarakat penutur bahasa Austronesia di Kepulauan Indonesia dapat dirangkum sebagai berikut: terjadi intrusi budaya baru di Kepulauan Indonesia yang dibawa oleh Austronesia. Akibat dari peristiwa tersebut, terjadi perkembangan budaya Neolitik di Kepulauan Indonesia, disebabkan oleh adaptasi, evolusi dan interaksi antara masyarakat pendatang Austronesia dengan komunitas Non-Austronesia yang telah menghuni kawasan ini sejak masa sebelumnya. Interaksi antar-budaya yang intensif menyebabkan integrasi budaya Austronesia dan Non-Austronesia di Kepulauan Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Migrasi-Kolonisasi, Austronesia, Kepulauan Indonesia, Adaptasi budaya. Abstract. Austronesian Migration and Its Implication on Cultural Development in Indonesian Archipelago. When Austronesian language speakers came to Indonesian Archipelago, this region is not an empty place but had already inhabited by other population. The unique processes of adaptation, innovation, and culture interaction of Austronesian people in this new region are reflected on the development of shell tool technology, navigation technology, plant cultivation and animal domestication. In summary, the stages of Austronesian migration in Indonesian Archipelago are as follows: Intrusion of a new culture that was brought to the Indonesian Archipelago by the Austronesian people, which caused innovation of Neolithic culture in Indonesian Archipelago due to cultural adaptation, evolution, and interaction between the Austronesian speakers (the newcomers) with the indigenous Non-Austronesian communities. Intensive inter-cultural interactions have created a cultural integration between the Austronesians and Non-Austronesians in the Indonesian Archipelago. Keywords: Migration, Austronesian people, Indonesian archipelago, Cultural adaptation.

BEBERAPA ASPEK BIOKULTURAL RANGKA MANUSIA DARI SITUS KUBUR KUNA LERAN, REMBANG, JAWA TENGAH Noerwidi, Sofwan
AMERTA Vol. 32 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstrak. Situs kubur kuna Leran dilaporkan oleh masyarakat kepada Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta pada tahun 2012. Hingga penelitian tahun 2013, setidaknya telah ditemukan sebanyak 17 individu yang berhasil diidentifikasi dari Situs Leran. Tulisan ini berusaha mengungkap aspek biokultural yang dimiliki oleh rangka manusia Situs Leran melalui data-data materi anatomi tersisa. Aspek biologis yang diungkap antara lain adalah jenis kelamin, usia, tinggi badan, dan ras. Aspek kultural yang dibahas meliputi kebiasaan si individu pada saat masih hidup, dan perlakuan penguburan. Semoga tulisan ini dapat memperkaya pandangan kita mengenai aspek biokultural pada situs-situs kubur di Jawa pada khususnya dan Indonesia pada umumnya. Kata Kunci: Rangka, Situs Leran, Aspek Biokultural. Abstract. Some Biocultural Aspects on Human Skeleton from Ancient Burial Site of Leran,Rembang, Central Java. Leran ancient burial site was informed by local people to the Center forArchaeological Research of Yogyakarta in 2012. Until 2013, we have found at least 17 individuals of human remains which were identified from Leran site. This paper tries to uncover biocultural aspects on human skeletal of Leran site through material data of remaining anatomy. The biological aspects include sexes, age, stature, and race. The cultural aspects include premortem cultural practices and burial treatment. Hopefully this article could enrich our understanding of the biocultural aspects on the burial sites in Java in particular and Indonesia in general. Keywords: Skeleton, Leran Site, Biocultural aspects.

Awal Kolonisasi Austronesia di Tenggara Pulau Jawa: Perspektif Situs Kendenglembu Noerwidi, Sofwan; Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi
AMERTA Vol. 29 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstrak. Sampai saat ini, penjelasan yang paling luas diterima bagi kasus penyebaran masyarakat penutur Austronesia adalah Blust-Bellwood model yang merupakan kolaborasi antara data linguistik historis dan arkeologi. Berdasarkan bukti linguistik, Robert Blust (1985) mengajukan hipotesis bahwa masyarakat penutur sub-kelompok bahasa Jawa berasal dari suatu kelompok masyarakat di daerah Borneo bagian selatan, di sekitar muara Sungai Barito. Berdasarkan hasil analisis linguistik dapat diketahui bahwa proses terbentuknya proto bahasa-bahasa Jawa, Bali, Sasak dan Sumbawa Barat kemungkinan terjadi kira-kira pada 2.500 BP. Tulisan ini, akan membahas beberapa data hasil penelitian terbaru di Situs Kendenglembu, Banyuwangi serta implikasinya pada hipotesis awal kolonisasi Austronesia di Jawa bagian tenggara. Data arkeologis dari Situs Kendenglembu membuka peluang bagi hipotesis kolonisasi Austronesia di Jawa yang berasal dari Sulawesi Barat. Sedangkan, hasil analisis pertanggalan AMS yang dihasilkan dari Situs Kendenglembu menghasilkan kronologi yang lebih muda dari pada pertanggalan linguistik dengan metode glotokronologi. Kata Kunci: Migrasi-Kolonisasi, Austronesia, Jawa, Kendenglembu Abstract. Early Colonization of the Austonesia the Southeast Part of Java: The Perspective of Kedenglembu Site. Until recently, the most widely accepted explanation for the case of Austronesian migration and colonization is Bellwood-Blust model, which are collaboration between archaeological data and historical linguistics. Based on linguistic evidence, Robert Blust (1985) proposed hypothesis about sub-group of Javanese language which comes from a community in the southern part of Borneo, around the estuary of Barito River. Based on those linguistic analysis results can be seen that the formation process of proto-language of Javanese, Balinese, Sasak and West Sumbawa occurred about 2500 BP. This paper will discuss some data from recent research at the Kendenglembu Site, Banyuwangi and its implications for hypothesis of the initial Austronesian colonization in the southeastern par of Java. Archaeological data from Kendenglembu Site indicating the Austronesian colonization of Java Island derived from the West Sulawesi. Meanwhile, AMS dating analysis results from Kendenglembu Site produce more young chronology, compared with linguistic dating by glotocronology method. Keywords: Migration-Colonization, Austronesia, Java, Kendenglembu

IT'S TIME TO LOOK TO THE WEST: A NEW INTERPRETATION ON HOMO ERECTUS FINDINGS DISTRIBUTION OF JAVA: SAATNYA MENENGOK KE BARAT: SEBUAH INTERPRETASI BARU TENTANG DISTRIBUSI TEMUAN HOMO ERECTUS DI JAWA Widianto, Harry; Noerwidi, Sofwan
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 40 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v40i2.598

Abstract Paleontological data indicate that the beginning of Java Islandia occupation occurred at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, around 2.4 Mya. However, the oldest Homo erectus fossil was found in Sangiran, around 1.5 Mya. Recently, Pleistocene sites were discovered from the western part of Java, e.g. Rancah, Semedo, and Bumiayu. This paper describes the significance of archeological, paleontological, and especially paleoanthropological data from the new sites, and their implications to the future Quaternary prehistory research strategies determination. Data collection methods include literature study and surveys, while analysis is carried out on the geological, archeological, paleontological, and paleoanthropological data. The result shows the dispersal of Homo erectus is extended to the western part of Java, between 1.8-1.7 Mya, older than the oldest Homo erectus of Sangiran. A new window of the human arrival on this island is identified. So, it is time to look to the west, and intensive research should be carried out to those areas. Abstrak Data paleontologis menunjukkan bahwa awal penghunian Jawa terjadi pada batas Plio-Plestosen sekitar 2.4 juta tahun lalu, namun fosil Homo erectus tertua yang ditemukan di Sangiran, berasal dari lapisan 1.5 juta tahun lalu. Belakangan ini, ditemukan situs-situs Plestosen, dari bagian barat Pulau Jawa, yaitu Rancah, Semedo, dan Bumiayu. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menampilkan signifikansi data arkeologi, paleontologi dan terutama paleoanthropologi dari situs-situs tersebut, serta implikasinya bagi penentuan strategi penelitian prasejarah kuarter di masa depan. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi studi pustaka, dan survei pada ketiga situs tersebut. Analisis data dilakukan pada data geologis, arkeologis, paleontologis dan paleoantropologis. Hasilnya, distribusi lateral Homo erectus semakin luas di bagian barat Jawa, dengan kronologi 1.8-1.7 juta tahun, lebih tua dibanding Homo erectus tertua dari Sangiran. Sebuah jendela baru tentang kedatangan Homo erectus di Pulau Jawa telah teridentifikasi. Implikasinya, sudah saatnya penelitian prasejarah kuarter intensif dilakukan di bagian barat pulau ini.

GLOBALISASI, PELAYARAN-PERDAGANGAN DAN DIVERSITAS POPULASI: STUDI SISA MANUSIA SITUS LERAN, REMBANG, JAWA TENGAH Noerwidi, Sofwan
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 37 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v37i2.175

The issue of globalization is booming recently, but it is not really a new thing in the history of human civilization. However, the issue of globalization in the past, -particularly in Archaeological perspective- is not too much discussed among social sciences in Indonesia. This paper aims to open the isolation by understanding the processes of globalization and its correlation to the maritime trade through archaeological data based on human remains from Leran burial site, Rembang, Central Java. Research method used in this paper is Bioarchaeological approach based on dental metric and non-metric characters analysis which performed to determine the biological affinity of Leran people in comparison with some samples from surrounding area. The result could be seen that the Leran population has a fairly diverse biological affinity which correlated to the strategic position of this site in the ancient global network of maritime trade.

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