Teguh H. Karjadi, Teguh H.
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Faktor - Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hepatitis C pada Pasangan Seksual Pasien Koinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus dan Virus Hepatitis C Kurniawati, Sri Agustini; Karjadi, Teguh H.; Gani, Rino A.
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia Vol. 2, No. 3
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Pendahuluan. Pencegahan transmisi hepatitis C pada pasangan seksual pasien koinfeksi HIV/HCV merupakan upaya penatalaksanaan hepatitis C. Namun demikian, belum ada data prevalensi hepatitis C dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan transmisi hepatitis C pada pasangan seksual pasien koinfeksi HIV/HCV di Indonesia, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk memperoleh data tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi hepatitis C dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hepatitis C pada pasangan seksual pasien koinfeksi HIV/HCV. Metode. Studi potong lintang pada pasangan heteroseksual pasien koinfeksi HIV/HCV yang berobat di Pokdisus RSCM. Faktor yang diteliti meliputi penggunaan narkotika suntik, transfusi darah, status HIV, penggunaan kondom, jumlah hubungan seksual, jumlah pasangan seksual, tipe hubungan seksual dan hitung CD4+ pasien koinfeksi HIV/HCV. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara secara terpisah dan pemeriksaan darah antiHCV total dan antiHIV. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji chi-square dan Fisher dan regresi logistik menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil. Selama periode Mei-Agustus 2008, diperoleh 119 subyek penelitian pada rentang usia 19-39 tahun (median 26 tahun) dan 95,8% diantaranya berjenis kelamin perempuan. Didapatkan prevalensi hepatitis C sebesar 10,1%. Hasil analisis bivariat kelompok subyek nonpengguna narkotika suntik didapatkan status HIV reaktif dan hubungan seksual nonvaginal berhubungan dengan kejadian hepatitis C. Pada hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan hanya tipe hubungan nonvaginal yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hepatitis C (adjusted RP 8,051; IK95% 1,215-53,353). Simpulan. Prevalensi hepatitis C pada pasangan seksual pasien koinfeksi HIV/HCV sebesar 10,1%. Tipe hubungan nonvaginal dan status antiHIV positif dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kejadian hepatitis C sebesar 8 kali. Dibutuhkan studi lanjutan dengan sampel yang lebih besar dan desain yang lebih baik untuk menentukan transmisi seksual hepatitis C.
Risk Factors of Antituberculosis Induced-Hepatotoxicity amongHIV/AIDS Patients Luthariana, Lies; Karjadi, Teguh H.; Hasan, Irsan; Rumende, C. Martin
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia Vol. 4, No. 1
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Introduction. Antituberculosis (ATT) induced hepatotoxicity is commonly found among HIV/AIDS patients. Several risk factor related to drug-induced hepatotoxicity such as alcoholism, hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, abnormal baseline aminotransferase/bilirubin, poor nutritional status and concomitant hepatotoxic drugs consumption, are usually found in these patients. This study was conducted to evaluate risk factor of ATT-induced hepatotoxicity in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods. This is a case control retrospective study with matching of age, sex, antituberculosis regimen, and alcohol consumption. Risk factors evaluated are hepatitis C and hepatitis B coinfection, concomitant hepatotoxic drugs consumption, abnormal baseline aminotransferase and or bilirubin. Results. We collected data of 33 cases and 33 controls We found 82% subjects in case group and 76% subjects in control group have hepatitis C coinfection; 18% subjects in case group and 6% subjects in control group have hepatitis B coinfection. Fifty four point five percent (54.5%) subjects in case group and 42.4% subjects in control group consume other hepatotoxic drugs. Elevated baseline ALT level was found in 51.5% subjects in case group and 12% subject in control group. Bivariate analysis showed that the risk of hepatotoxicity was higher in patients with elevated baseline ALT level (OR=7.5; 95% CI 1,72- 32,80; p < 0,05). Conclusions. Elevated baseline ALT level will increase antituberculosis drug induce hepatotoxicity risk up to 7.5 times. There were no association between hepatitis C, hepatitis B, concomitant hepatotoxic drugs consumption and antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in HIV/AIDS patients.
Prevalence and Predictors of Atopy in HIV/AIDS Patients Tesiman, Jimmy; Sundaru, Heru; Karjadi, Teguh H.; Setiati, Siti
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia Vol. 3, No. 2
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Introduction. HIV infection attacks the center of immune control system resulting opportunistic infection, malignancy and death. Immune system dysregulation plays the central role in the progression of the disease. Some studies reported that HIV-infected patient prone to have allergic disease such as sinusitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. Elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and increased prevalence of atopy had also been reported in HIV-infected patient. Methods. A cross sectional study was performed in 92 HIV-infected persons and 90 non-HIV persons. Atopy diagnosis was based on immediate hypersensitivity to six common aeroallergen using skin prick test. CD4 cell count, total serum immunoglobulin level and medical history were taken. Results. Among total of 92 HIV/AIDS patients and 90 non-HIV persons, there were 65 males (70.7%) and 27 female (29.3%) in HIV group and 40 males (44.4%) and 50 females (55.6%) in non-HIV group. Age of all subjects range from 20 to 55 years old, mean age of HIV-infected patients was 29.3 (SD 5.7) years while mean age of controls was 27.9 (4.5) years old. Based on HIV route transmission, there were 56.5% subjects infected from intravenous drug user, 38% from heterosexual intercourse and 5.5% subjects had both risk. CD4+ lymphocyte counts of the subject range from 2-674 cells, median 160 cells/uL. Serum total IgE levels range from 3-20.000 IU/mL with median 283.5 IU/mL. Atopy was higher in subjects with HIV than non-HIV (p= 0,001). The most common aeroallergen is Dermatophagoides farinae (50%) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (30%). There was a negative correlation between CD4+ lymphocyte count and total IgE level (r=-0,544, p<0,001), but there is no relation between gender, HIV route of transmission, allergic history in family and CD4+ lymphocyte count with atopy. Conclusions. Prevalence of atopy based on skin prick test among HIV/AIDS patients was higher than non-HIV group. There was a negative correlation between CD4+ lymphocyte count and total IgE level.