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All Journal International Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Finance Jurnal Mantik JURPIKAT (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Bisnis Net : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis International Journal of Applied Finance and Business Studies The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Perpajakan
Novi Handayani Simbolon
Politeknik Negeri Medan, Indonesia
Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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Export Market Concentration, Earnings Stability, and International Finance Risk: Evidence from Indonesia’s Non Oil Exports Utami, Eva Yuniarti; Setyo, Wahyu Agung; Uli, Nur Zarliani; Nuraziza, Sania; Simbolon, Novi Handayani
The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship Vol. 4 No. 03 (2026): The Es Economics And Entrepreneurship (ESEE)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/esee.v4i03.975

Abstract

This study examines how export market concentration shapes export earnings stability from an international finance perspective. Using secondary data compiled from ITC Trade Map for Indonesia’s non oil exports during 2022-2025, the paper evaluates export value dynamics, destination market concentration, and the stability of foreign exchange generating export earnings. The analysis combines descriptive trend analysis, market share decomposition, the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI), and the coefficient of variation (CV) of export earnings. The results indicate three main findings. First, Indonesia’s export earnings remained resilient despite global tightening, commodity price normalization, and exchange rate uncertainty. Second, export destinations were still moderately concentrated in a limited set of large markets, especially China, the United States, and India, implying exposure to partner specific demand shocks. Third, moderate diversification across secondary markets helped cushion aggregate earnings volatility, although sectoral dependence on a few commodities linked products remained visible. The study contributes to the international finance literature by showing that trade structure is not only a competitiveness issue but also a financial risk issue because export concentration affects foreign exchange inflows, external liquidity, and macro financial resilience. Policy implications include deeper market diversification, export upgrading, and broader use of trade finance and hedging instruments.
Co-Authors Anita Putri Dwi Jati, Fatma Gultom, Selfi Afriani Khanti Listya Muhammad Asrin Jazuli Nur Zarliani Uli Nuraziza, Sania Nurhaflah Soraya Pasaribu, Ika Mary Rahmadani Rahmadani Setyo, Wahyu Agung Siahaan, Sondang Beatrix Sondang Beatrix Siahaan Sondang Beatrix Siahaan Utami, Eva Yuniarti Yuni Siska Saragih