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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Ananda Karunia Ramadhan
Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Protein S Deficiency and The Mechanism of Protein S in Hemostasis and Atherosclerosis Nur Feby Febiana Agistany; Ananda Karunia Ramadhan; Dira Kurnia Rizki; Raditya Bayu Farizil Akhyar; Ilsa Hunaifi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 4 (2023): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i4.5565

Abstract

Protein S (PS) is Vitamin K dependant protein which plays a role in regulating the blood clotting process in the body. Protein S deficiency is explained as a condition characterized by reduced levels of protein S in the serum so that it makes the blood clot too easily. The purpose of this literature review is to give an update of protein S defficiency and the mechanism of protein s in hemostasis and atherosclerosis based on publish literature reference from various database. Protein S plays important role in hemostasis by regulating blood cloth process in the initiation phase of the extrinsic pathway as a TFPI cofactor or in the propagation phase, namely as an APC cofactor and independent activity of TFPIα and APC. Protein S deficiency is known to be associated with the occurrence of atherosclerosis via the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor. The main clinical manifestations of the majority of patients with heterozygous mutations in the protein S (PROS1) gene are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism that precipitate by VTE. Administration of anticoagulant drugs such as heparin in the form of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin, vitamin K antagonists (VKA), namely warfarin, or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) can be selected as a management of protein S deficiency with VTE. Protein S has a central role in the coagulation prosses and its deficiency associated with atherosclerotic conditions.
Anemia in Pregnancy: Cause and Effect Ananda Karunia Ramadhan; Ario Danianto; Rifana Cholidah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i1.6074

Abstract

One of the most common complications associated with pregnancy is anemia. Severe anemia that occurs during pregnancy has adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. This literature review aims to provide related information related to how anemia can occur in pregnancy, what are the risk factors and causes of anemia in pregnancy, and the impact of anemia on pregnant women and their fetuses. We searched from online databases and used review articles, research, guidelines from professional organizations, such as World Health Organization and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Result: In general, pregnant women will experience a decrease in hemoglobin concentration due to the physiological role of hemodelution during pregnancy. However, this condition will be worsened and make pregnant women fall into anemia when accompanied by other factors such as iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, infection, non ideal BMI (Body Mass Index), and congenital blood diseases. As a result, severe anemia that occurs during pregnancy has adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. Conclusion: It is important to understand the factors that cause anemia in pregnancy to avoid adverse effects on pregnant women and their fetuses or children.
Co-Authors Ario Danianto Dira Kurnia Rizki Ilsa Hunaifi Nur Feby Febiana Agistany Raditya Bayu Farizil Akhyar Rifana Cholidah