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All Journal Jurnal Agro Jurnal Biologi Tropis JERAMI Indonesian Journal of Crop Science
Winda Purnama Sari
Departemen Agronomi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Vigor and Viability Testing of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Local Mutant Germplasm of Padang Pariaman through Gamma Irradiation Henny Puspita Sari; Irfan Suliansyah; Indra Dwipa; Dini Hervani; Winda Purnama Sari; Fatardho Zudri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i1.5905

Abstract

As a genetic resource, local rice can provide insight into the inheritance of favorable traits. Local rice varieties have naturally been tested for resistance to pests and diseases, high yields, good rice quality (including class 1 quality), and a taste that people like, but also have some disadvantages, such as long life and high plant height that easily collapses. For this reason, the characteristics of local rice varieties that have these advantages are improved using the gamma-ray induced mutation technique. Before planting in the field, it is necessary to test the vigor and viability of local rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) Padang Pariaman seeds first. In this study, researchers used three different rice varieties, namely: "Madang Pulau", "Putiah Papanai", and "Banang Kuniang" and gamma irradiation, with radiation doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 Gy. Based on the results of the study, the local rice seed varieties of Padang Pariaman Regency and the dose of gamma irradiation had a significant effect on maximum germination, while germination speed, germination capacity, vigor index, and growth uniformity were significantly affected by the dose of gamma irradiation. Gamma irradiation with doses of 400-600 Gy resulted in a more significant decrease in seed vigor and viability compared to irradiation with doses of 100-300 Gy.
Efikasi herbisida Thiencarbazone-methyl+isoxaflutole terhadap pengendalian gulma dan hasil tanaman (Zea mays L.) Irawati Chaniago; Ardi Ardi; Doni Hariandi; Winda Purnama Sari; Adi Purnama
Jurnal AGRO Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/25635

Abstract

Maize is a second important food crop, its yield is the raw material for the feed industry. As for other crops, maize can not avoid weed association and interference. Weed may cause farmers’ economic loss. An experiment to determine the efficacy of thiencarbazone methyl+isoxaflutole herbicide and its effects to control weeds and maize yield was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023 at Ultisol of Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang. The experimental units were laid out according to a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatment was different types of weed control namely: no weeding, various doses of herbicide thiencarbazone-methyl 90 g L-1+isoxaflutole 225 g L-1 i.e 250 mL ha-1, 300 mL ha-1, 350 mL ha-1, and 400 mL ha-1 applied at 2 and 10 DAP, respectively, and manual weeding. Herbicide thiencarbazone-methyl 90 g L-1+isoxaflutole 225 g L-1 effectively controlled Erechtites valerianifolia, Oxalis barrelieri, and Asplenium rhizophyllum. Herbicide at 350 mL ha-1 applied dose at 2 DAP reduced weed dry weight per m-2 as much as 93% at 6 WAP. Weed control by herbicide application increased 72.20% of maize yield per ha compared to the no-weed-control treatment group without causing phytotoxicity on maize plants.ABSTRAK Tanaman jagung merupakan tanaman pangan penting kedua dan menjadi bahan baku industri pakan. Seperti tanaman lainnya, tanaman jagung juga tidak dapat terhindar dari interaksi dan asosiasi dengan gulma. Keberadaan gulma pada pertanaman jagung dapat menimbulkan kerugian ekonomis. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi herbisida thiencarbazone-methyl+isoxaflutole yang diaplikasikan pada waktu berbeda terhadap pengendalian gulma dan hasil tanaman jagung telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2022 sampai Februari 2023 pada tanah ultisol kampus Universitas Andalas Limau Manis, Padang. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah tanpa pengendalian gulma, berbagai dosis herbisida thiencarbazone-methyl 90 g L-1+isoxaflutole 225 g L-1 yaitu 250 mL ha-1 , 300 mL ha-1 , 350 mL ha-1 , dan  400 mL ha-1 yang masing-masing diaplikasikan pada 2 dan 10 HST, dan pengendalian gulma secara manual. Herbisida thiencarbazone-methyl 90 g L-1+isoxaflutole 225 g L-1 dosis 250 hingga 400 mL ha-1 efektif mengendalikan gulma Erechtites valerianifolia, Oxalis barrelieri, dan Asplenium rhizophyllum. Herbisida dosis 350 mL ha-1 diaplikasikan 2 HST menurunkan hingga 93% bobot kering gulma m-2 pada 6 MST. Pengendalian dengan herbisida dapat meningkatkan hasil jagung per ha sebesar 72,20% dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa pengendalian gulma tanpa menimbulkan gejala fitotoksisitas pada tanaman jagung.
Weed Vegetation Analysis and Response to Sunflower Extracts in the Uplands Winda Purnama Sari; Fitri Ekawati; Jamsari Jamsari
JERAMI : Indonesian Journal of Crop Science Vol 6 No 2 (2024): JIJCS
Publisher : Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jijcs.6.2.48-55.2024

Abstract

Weeds are plants whose presence is unwanted by humans because of competition with cultivated plants for nutrients, sunlight, and growing space, producing allelochemicals that interfere with plant growth, reduce production and product quality, and increase farming costs. The continuous use of synthetic herbicides has adverse effects on the environment and health, so it is necessary to seek a weed control mechanism that is more efficient and environmentally friendly. One is utilizing secondary metabolites, namely sunflower plant allelochemicals, that can control weeds. This study aims to determine the response of weeds to the application of extracts of sunflower plant parts as bioherbicides. This research was conducted in three stages: raw material preparation, extraction, and application. The results obtained 17 weed species in the experimental field of Nagari Selayo Tanang Bukit Sileh from 7 families (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lythraceae, Polygonaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Mazaceae) and two weed classes (broadleaf weeds and grasses). The bioherbicide efficacy of sunflower extract (Helianthus annus L.) has not caused symptoms of toxicity in weeds.
Co-Authors Adi Purnama Ardi Ardi Dini Hervani Doni Hariandi ekawati, fitri Fatardho Zudri Henny Puspita Sari Indra Dwipa Irawati Chaniago Irfan Suliansyah Jamsari Jamsari