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All Journal Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia
Atika
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Evaluation of dextrose prolotherapy versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy for pain relief and functional improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis I Made Yoga Prabawa; Noor Idha Handajani; Abdul Jabbar Al Hayyan; Lydia Arfianti; Atika
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.410

Abstract

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) remains a leading degenerative joint disease and a primary driver of chronic pain and disability among older adults. This condition is clinically defined by progressive cartilage degradation, joint stiffness, and a significant loss of functional mobility. Because standard conservative treatments often fail to provide adequate relief, there has been growing interest in regenerative approaches such as extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and dextrose prolotherapy (DP). While their clinical use is increasing, direct comparative evidence regarding their relative effectiveness is still largely missing from some studies. This study aimed to evaluate the differences between ESWT and DP affect patients with knee OA in terms of functional improvement as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and pain reduction as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test–post-test randomised group design. Twenty patients with grade II–III knee OA who were not improving with traditional therapy were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: ESWT (n=11) and DP (n=9). The interventions lasted for six weeks. Both before and after the intervention, the WOMAC and the VAS for pain were assessed as outcome measures. A statistical study was conducted to find differences both within and between groups. Results: Both the ESWT and DP groups had statistically significant improvements in all metrics, including pain (VAS), WOMAC pain, stiffness, disability, and total scores (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the evaluated outcomes (p>0.05). Conclusion: ESWT and DP were equally effective in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients with knee OA. These findings indicate their role as a successful alternative therapy for people who don't receive enough relief from conventional medical therapies. Additional randomized controlled research are required to confirm these conclusions.
Immediate effects on plantar pressure time integral with thermoplastic polyurethane versus plastazote insoles in type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized comparative study Nyoman Chandra Adidharma; I Putu Alit Pawana; Lydia Arfianti; Inggar Narasinta; Sony Wibisono Mudjanarko; Atika; Fahrin Ramadan Andiwijaya
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Inpress July-December 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i2.412

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of diabetes continues to rise worldwide, and diabetic foot ulcers remain a serious complication caused by repeated pressure on the tissue of the sole of the foot due to neuropathy. This study aimed to compare the immediate changes in the plantar pressure time integral (PTI) following the use of Plastazote shoe insoles versus thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) shoe insoles in adults with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Methods: This study was a randomized, two-group pre-post design study. A total of 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into two groups of Plastazote insole group (n = 12) and the TPU insole group (n = 12). PTI was measured using a dynamic plantar pressure measurement system that divided the foot into five regions (heel, midfoot, forefoot, big toe, and toes) before and after insole use. Analyses were performed within groups (pre-post comparison) and between groups (ΔPTI comparison). Safety and user perception were evaluated using a pain VAS during insole use. Results: TPU resulted in a greater reduction in PTI compared to Plastazote in the rear and middle sections of the foot (p ≤ 0.043) as well as in total PTI (p = 0.019), while Plastazote increased PTI in the front section of the foot and total PTI (p ≤ 0.047; p < 0.001). The between-group difference favored TPU (p ≤ 0.024), with no effect on the big toe or other toes (p ≥ 0.721). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes, the highest plantar pressure is found in the heel and forefoot. The distribution of plantar pressure in type 2 diabetes is influenced more by dynamic factors and neuropathy than by static foot position. Therefore, screening for diabetic foot complications should incorporate static, dynamic, and sensorimotor assessments.
Effects of a sit-to-stand plus heel raise exercise program on predicted maximal oxygen consumption in sedentary adolescents Januariska Herma Widhianti; Yudith Dian Prawitri; Nur Sulastri; Atika
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Inpress July-December 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i2.439

Abstract

Background: Sedentary behaviour in adolescents is associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness and higher cardiometabolic risk. Simple functional exercises may represent a practical and accessible way of improving aerobic fitness in school settings. This study aimed to examine the effects of a sit-to-stand plus heel-raise (STS-HR) exercise program on maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) in inactive male adolescents. Methods: This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in a high school in Surabaya, Indonesia from July to November 2025. Inactive males aged 15-17 years were randomly assigned to either a control group that did not participate in organized exercise or an intervention group that underwent 8-week supervised STS-HR program three times per week. Predicted VO₂max was assessed before and after the intervention using the Chester Step Test by blinded assessors. Results: Thirty-seven of 39 randomized participants completed the trial. The STS-HR group had a significant increase in predicted VO₂max (36.14 ± 8.53 to 46.52 ± 7.90 mL·kg-1·min-1; p < 0.001) whereas the control group did not (41.48 ± 8.24 to 41.33 ± 9.23 mL·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.911). The between-group difference in change in VO₂max was 10.53 mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% confidence interval: 6.89 to 14.17; p < 0.001). No adverse events, exercise-related discomfort, or injuries were reported during the intervention. Conclusion: An 8-week supervised STS-HR program led to a significant increase in predicted VO₂max in inactive male adolescents. These results provide evidence that simple functional exercises may be an effective and low-cost feasible school-based strategy to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in inactive youth.
Co-Authors Abdul Jabbar Al Hayyan Fahrin Ramadan Andiwijaya I Made Yoga Prabawa I Putu Alit Pawana Inggar Narasinta Irwadi, Irfiansyah Januariska Herma Widhianti Lukitasari, Lina Lydia Arfianti Lydia Arfianti Mahdani, Wilda Muhammad Irfan Indiarto Ni Made Mertaniasih Noor Idha Handajani Nur Sulastri Nurul Wiqoyah, Nurul Nyoman Chandra Adidharma Purwanta, Marijam Sekar Maharani Sony Wibisono Mudjanarko Wiwin Retnowati Yudith Dian Prawitri