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Adi Prawoto
Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute
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Journal : Pelita Perkebunan

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Carbon stock in different ages and plantation system of cocoa: allometric approach Fitria Yuliasmara; Aris Wibawa; Adi Prawoto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 26 No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v26i3.137

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance
Effect of flush existence, NAA and GA application on cocoa pod development Y.T.M. Astuti; Adi Prawoto; Kumala Dewi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 27 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v27i1.142

Abstract

This experiment was carried out to study the photosynthate allocation between flush and young pods, and the effect of (naphthalene acetic acid) and (gibberellic acid) application to sink strength. Two cocoa clones KW 163 and KW 165 located in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffea and Cocoa Research Institut were used on this experiment. Each clone was treated with flushes and without flush. Beside that, the young pods sprayed with NAA 250 mg L-1, GA 250 mg L-1, NAA 250 mg L-1 dan GA 250 mg L-1 and control (K = without NAA and GA). There were 2 x 4 treatment combinations for each clone, and replicated three trees for each combination. The parameter were cherelle wilt percentage, sucrose content, fresh and dry weight, long and diameter of healthy and wilting pods.The result showed that sink strength of young pods was lower than that of flushes, which caused application photosynthate translocation to the young pods was lower. NAA and GA application to the pods could improve sucrose allocation, increased pod weight and cherelle wilt was suppressed. The lack of photosynthate on young pod cause metabolism change, so pod became cherelle wilt. But, there was still not known the optimum concentration and method of application of those growth regulators to obtained minimum cherelle wilt.Key words: Cocoa, flush, pod, naphthylacatic acid, gibberellic acid, cherelle wilt.
Cocoa Canopy Replacement to Increase Productivity and Plant Resistance to Vascular Streak Dieback Teguh Iman Santoso; Adi Prawoto; Sudarsianto Sudarsianto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 29 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i1.188

Abstract

Canopy  replacement  with  vascular  streak dieback  (VSD) resistant  clones is  expected  to  reduce  VSD  infestation  by  reducing  space  of  Oncobasidiumtheobromae infection,  and  to  increase  cocoa  yield.  This  experiment  was carried  out  in  endemic  areas  of  VSD  in  Kaliwining  Experimental  Station  of ICCRI  and  Kendenglembu  estate.  Canopy  replacement  technique  in  Kendenglembu  was  done  by  side  cleft  grafting  on  primary  branches  and  top  grafting on  plagiotropic  branches  of  primary  branches.  Number  of  grafted  shoots per  plant,  i.e.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5  and  6  was  used  as  treatments  using  Sca  6  and Sulawesi  1.  The  12  treatments  were  arranged  in  randomized  complate  block design,  each  treatment  replicated  6  times  and  10  plants  per  treatment.  Growth of  shoot,  canopy  coverage  and  development  of  VSD  incidence  were  the  main variables.  In  Kaliwining,  side  cleft  grafting  was  applied  at  1.5  m  above  soilsurface  using  Sulawesi  1  and  Sca  6  clones  as  the  scion  and  TSH  858  and ICS  60  clones  as  rootstocks.  VSD  intensity  was  observed  by  scoring  method. Cocoa  yield  was  the  main  variable.  The  result  showed  that  both  techniques caused  similar  growth  rate  of  the  shoots.  The  rate  of  canopy  covering  by resistant  clones  reduced  VSD  infestation  following  Y  =  -0.7848X  +  69.324 (R²  =  0.995)  equation.  Three  resistant  shoots  per  tree  was  effective  in  reducing  VSD  infestation.  Four  years  after  grafting  were  bean  yield  by  using Sulawesi  1  was  434%  over  control  while  360%  yield  for  Sca  6  compared  to average  control  of  ungrafted  plants  of  ICS  60  and  TSH  858.  Polyphenol content of both resistant clones was higher than that on susceptible ones, however transfer  mechanism  of  that  substance  to  the  susceptible  stocks  is  still  unknown. It  is  concluded  that  canopy  replacement  using  productive  and  resistant  clones is  considered  to  be  an  effective  method  to  overcome  VSD  problem  and  to improve  cocoa  yield. Key words:Theobroma cacao, vascular streak dieback, canopy replacement, yield.
A Study on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) budding V. The influence of rootstocks on scion-yield quality Adi Prawoto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 6 No 2 (1990)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v6i2.366

Abstract

Tulisan ini merupakan kelanjutan hasil penelitian yang telah ditulis sebelumnya. Analisis mutu biji dilaksanakan pada panenan umur 7 tahun. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa batang bawah kakao tidak berpengaruh nyata pada mutu fisik maupun mutu kimiawi hasil biji batang atas. Akan tetapi ada petunjuk bahwa batang bawah sedikit memodifikasi harkat mutu tersebut lewat perubahan vigor. Ada kemungkinan mutu hasil akan terpengaruh jika dipakai batang bawah yang lebih jauh hubungan kekerabatannya. Berkaitan dengan hal itu maka kakao yang bermutu tinggi dapat dihasilkan dari lingkungan yang bermasalah dengan cara okulasi asalkan tersedia batang bawah yang toleran kondisi tersebut.
Co-Authors Agus Suryanto Agus Suryanto Aris Wibawa Bambang Kusmanadhi Fitria Yuliasmara Ketut Anom Wijaya Kumala Dewi M Sholeh N.P Nurul Qomariyah Oscar Regazzoni Oscar Regazzoni Rudy Erwiyo Sri Rahayu Sudarsianto Sudarsianto Syrril Ihromi Teguh Iman Santoso Y.T.M. Astuti Yogi Sugito